DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS Flashcards
How is dissociation defined
a) disruption of cognitive functioning
b) A normal, continuous experience of psychological functioning
c) Disruption or discontinuity in the normal integration of psychological aspects
d) disruption in memory and consciousness
c) Disruption or discontinuity in the normal integration of psychological aspects
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect of psychological functioning affected by dissociation?
a) Memory
b) Identity
c) Social skills
d) Perception
c) Social skills
in the context of dissociation, what is described as a subjective integration of psychological functioning?
a) Enhanced awareness
b) Normal cognitive processes
c) Disruption of motor control
d) Continuous memory recall
b) Normal cognitive processes
According to the definition, what can be disrupted or discontinued during dissociation?
a) Physical health
b) Objective reality
c) Psychological functioning
d) External stimuli
c) Psychological functioning
How would one best summarize the overall impact of dissociation on psychological functioning based on the given definition?
a) Enhances psychological integration
b) Creates continuity in consciousness
c) Disrupts and/or discontinues various psychological aspects
d) Exclusively impacts motor control
c) Disrupts and/or discontinues various psychological aspects
When might mild dissociative symptoms occur
a) During intense concentration
b) Only during sleep
c) Exclusively in stressful situations
d) When daydreaming or losing track of surroundings
d) When daydreaming or losing track of surroundings
Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of mild dissociative symptoms?
a) Daydreaming
b) Getting lost in thought
c) Remembering every detail of a conversation
d) Missing part of a conversation
c) Remembering every detail of a conversation
what is often used to screen for dissociative symtoms
A) Dissociative amnesia scale
B) Dissociative depersoanlisaton scale
C) Dissociative Subtype of PTSD Scale
D) Dissociative Experiences Scales
D) Dissociative Experiences Scales
What is the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) commonly used for?
a) Assessing cognitive abilities
b) Diagnosing physical health conditions
c) Screening for dissociative symptoms
d) Measuring emotional intelligence
c) Screening for dissociative symptoms
when does dissociation become pathological?
a) When it is completely absent
b) When it is intentionally induced
c) When symptoms are perceived as disruptive or produce discontinuity of experience
d) Only when it results in total memory loss
c) When symptoms are perceived as disruptive or produce discontinuity of experience
What criteria are mentioned for dissociation to be considered pathological?
a) Absence of any involuntary intrusions
b) Perceived as enhancing executive functioning
c) Disruptive and causing a loss of needed information or recurrent, jarring intrusions
d) Limited to disruptions in memory alone
c) Disruptive and causing a loss of needed information or recurrent, jarring intrusions
How is the perception of dissociative symptoms crucial for determining their pathological nature?
a) It depends solely on the severity of symptoms
b) It relies on conscious awareness of every dissociative episode
c) It is based on the perception of disruption and loss of needed information
d) Only when the symptoms lead to total amnesia
c) It is based on the perception of disruption and loss of needed information
when do dissociative symptoms become pathological regarding executive functioning and sense of self?
a) When they enhance executive functioning
b) When they are rare and intentional
c) When they are recurrent, jarring, and involuntary
d) Only when they disrupt positive experiences
c) When they are recurrent, jarring, and involuntary
What is highlighted as a critical element for dissociation to be considered pathological?
a) Involuntary intrustions into memory
b) Involuntary intrusions into self-perception
c) Inconsistent voluntary control
d) Disruption to experience
b) Involuntary intrusions into self-perception
what characterises much of our mental life
A) deliberate self awareness
B) conscious monitoring
C) automatic nonconscious processes
D) explicit memory
C) automatic nonconscious processes
In which areas does unaware processing extend
a) Explicit memory and explicit perception
b) Implicit memory and implicit perception
c) Deliberate memory and deliberate perception
d) Short-term memory and sensory perception
b) Implicit memory and implicit perception
What is implicit memory
a) Remembering things consciously
b) Remembering things without awareness
c) Deliberate recall of information
d) Rapid memory processing
b) Remembering things without awareness
How do people typically respond to sights or sounds in implicit perception
a) With conscious awareness
b) As if they had perceived them consciously
c) Reporting the details immediately
d) Only through deliberate self-awareness
b) As if they had perceived them consciously
what is a common characteristic of implicit perception?
a) Conscious recall of stimuli
b) Inability to respond to stimuli
c) Unaware response to stimuli
d) Limited sensory processing
c) Unaware response to stimuli
responding to sights or sounds as if you had perceived them even though you cannot report that they have seen or heard them
A) implicit memory
B) implicit percepetion
C) explicit memory
D) explicit percepetion
B) implicit percepetion
implicit perception occurs in what disorders where people who say that they cannot see nonetheless are able to respond to some visual stimuli.
A) depressive disorders
B) somatic symptom disorder
C) conversion disorders
D) bipolar disorders
C) conversion disorders
what occurs as a result of an affected person having less coordination and integration in human cognition
A) they experience lowered cognitive performance and efficiency
B) they may be unable to access information that is normally in the forefront of consciousness
C) they experience lowered ability to access information from subconsciousness
D) they may have more repressed memories
B) they may be unable to access information that is normally in the forefront of consciousness
if a dissociated person is unable to access information that is normally at the forefront of consciousness, what can occur
A) They are more likely to remember trivial and unimportant details
B) They are unable to access information about their personal identity or details of a recent event
C) Their ability to access information remains unchanged
D) They become exceptionally skilled at multitasking
B) They are unable to access information about their personal identity or details of a recent event
the normally useful capacity of maintaining ongoing mental activity outside of awareness appears as what in those with dissociative disorders
A) subverted
B) optimized
C) intensified
D) consolidated
A) subverted
what is suggested as a primary function of dissociative disorders?
a) Enhancing cognitive abilities
b) Coping with positive life events
c) Avoiding anxiety and stress
d) Facilitating social interactions
c) Avoiding anxiety and stress
How are dissociative disorders described in relation to anxiety and stress?
a) As exacerbating anxiety and stress
b) As unrelated to anxiety and stress
c) As ways of avoiding anxiety and stress
d) As causing anxiety and stress
c) As ways of avoiding anxiety and stress
what are dissociative disorders considered to be responses to?
a) Positive life events
b) Ineffective coping resources
c) Overwhelming life problems
d) Emotional expression
c) Overwhelming life problems
dissociative disorders enable the individual to deny personal responsibility for his or her
A) “unacceptable” wishes or behavior.
B) Thoughts and emotions related to everyday experiences
C) “socially acceptable” desires or actions
D) Exceptional achievements and successes
A) “unacceptable” wishes or behavior.
In the case of DSM-defined dissociative disorders, the per-son avoids the stress by pathologically dissociating—in essence, by escaping from his or her own
A) Explicit memory and the self
B) External environment and surroundings
C) Autobiographical memory or personal identity
D) Implicit memory and personal identity
C) Autobiographical memory or personal identity
why are dissociative disorders placed in DSM-5 immediately after trauma and stressor-related disorders
A) To emphasize their prevalence in non-trauma-related cases
B) To reflect the close relationship that exists between them
C) To reflect the distant relationship between the two categories
D) To highlight their distinct nature and separate diagnostic criteria
B) To reflect the close relationship that exists between them
what are two of the more common kinds of dissociative symptoms
A) Hyperactivity and impulsivity
B) Anxiety and depression
C) Disorientation and memory loss
D) derealization and depersonalization
D) derealization and depersonalization
derealization and depersonalization can sometimes occur when?
A) during a depressed state
B) during panic attacks
C) during a manic episode
D) during intense physiological distress
B) during panic attacks
what occurs in derealisation
A) one’s sense of one’s own self and one’s own reality is temporarily lost
B) one’s sense of the reality of the outside world is temporarily lost
C) ones sense of time becomes distorted and fragmented
D) One experiences an lowered perception of self and reality
B) one’s sense of the reality of the outside world is temporarily lost
what occurs in depersonalisation
A) one’s sense of one’s own self and one’s own reality is temporarily lost
B) one’s sense of the reality of the outside world is temporarily lost
C) ones sense of time becomes distorted and fragmented
D) One experiences an lowered perception of self and reality
A) one’s sense of one’s own self and one’s own reality is temporarily lost
which of the following does NOT precipitate mild dissociative experiences
A) sensory deprivation
B) sleep deprivation
C) persistent experiences of feeling detached
D) severe stress
C) persistent experiences of feeling detached
In contrast to what hap-pens during psychotic states, during depersonalization
A) Perception of time becomes highly accurate
B) Emotional experiences are heightened and intensified
C) reality testing remains diminishes
D) reality testing remains intact
D) reality testing remains intact
what does research suggest as what occurs in relation to emotional experiences during depersonalization
A) Emotional experiences become more intense and overwhelming
B) Emotional experiences are attenuated or reduced —both at the subjective level and at the level of neural and autonomic activity
C) Emotional experiences are amplified but remain unconscious
D) Emotional regulation becomes more challenging but adaptive
B) Emotional experiences are attenuated or reduced —both at the subjective level and at the level of neural and autonomic activity
After viewing an emotional video clip, participants with depersonalization show what in compared to controls
A) Lower levels of subjective and objective memory fragmentation
B) Higher levels of subjective and objective memory fragmentation
C) Enhanced ability to recall details from the emotional video clip
D) Comparable levels of subjective and objective memory consolidation
B) Higher levels of subjective and objective memory fragmentation
what is memory fragmentation marked by
A) Enhanced recall of chronological events
B) Improved ability to construct a cohesive narrative
C) Enhanced capacity for forming detailed and coherent narratives
D) Difficulties forming an accurate or coherent narrative sequence of events
D) Difficulties forming an accurate or coherent narrative sequence of events
what is a key element of the depersonalization experience
A) Time distortion
B) Heightened emotional intensity
C) Perceptual fragmentation
D) Cognitive amplification
A) Time distortion
how were derealization and depersonalization treated in the DSM-IV
A) as two distinct conditions
B) they are combined
C) Integrated under the umbrella term “dissociative disorders”
D) depersonalization was not considered a condition in the DSM-IV
A) as two distinct conditions
how are derealization and depersonalization treated within the DSM-5
A) as two distinct conditions
B) they are combined
C) Integrated under the umbrella term “dissociative disorders”
D) depersonalization was not considered a condition in the DSM-IV
B) they are combined
why does the DSM-5 combine derealization and depersonalization
a) Due to demographic differences
b) Because of distinct comorbid conditions
c) Based on the severity of problems
d) Research suggesting similarities in various aspects
d) Research suggesting similarities in various aspects
