CAUSAL FACTORS OF DISORDERS Flashcards
in what disorder has the role of environmental stressors been the most carefully studied
A) bipolar
B) borderline personality disorder
C) generalised anxiety disorder
D) unipolar depression
D) unipolar depression
loss of a loved one, serious threats to important close relationships or to one’s occupation, or severe economic or serious health problems have been shown to be
A) episodic life events involved in precipitating depression
B) events that cause an individual to make biased attributions for negative events
C) chronic events that cause stress
D) none of the above
A) episodic life events involved in precipitating depression
what risk factors increase the likelihood of being exposed to trauma
A) being male
B) having less college education
C) conduct problems in childhood
D) all the above
D) all the above
according to psychosocial perspectives of conduct disorder parental behaviour can
A) directly lead a child to do what they want to do
B) inadvertently “train” antisocial behaviour in children
C)
D)
B) inadvertently “train” antisocial behaviour in children
according to psychosocial perspectives on conduct disorder if a parent were to let a child get away with whining about going to bed, they the parent would be
A) directly lead a child to do what they want to do
B) inadvertently reinforce the coercive interchanges
C) reinforcing the child’s behaviours
D) letting the child walk all over them
B) inadvertently reinforce the coercive interchanges
how does a parent indirectly “train” antisocial behaviour
A)
B)
C) by lack of monitoring and discipline
D)
C) by lack of monitoring and discipline
which of the following has been used as a psychosocial explanation for specific phobias
A) psychoanalytic viewpoint
B) vicarious conditioning
C) evolutionary preparedness
D) all the above
D) all the above
which of the following is true according to the cognitive theory of panic disorder
A) initial panic attacks become associated with initially neutral internal and external cues through an interoceptive conditioning (or exteroceptive conditioning) process
B) those with panic disorder are hypersensitive to bodily sensations and interpret these sensations in a catastrophic manner
C) panic disorder is primarily caused by genetic factors and has little to do with cognitive processes.
D) panic attacks are always triggered by external stressors and have no internal cognitive components.
B) those with panic disorder are hypersensitive to bodily sensations and interpret these sensations in a catastrophic manner
according to the comprehensive learning theory of panic disorder
A) initial panic attacks become associated with initially neutral internal and external cues through an interoceptive conditioning (or exteroceptive conditioning) process
B) those with panic disorder are hypersensitive to bodily sensations and interpret these sensations in a catastrophic manner
C) panic disorder is primarily caused by genetic factors and has little to do with cognitive processes.
D) panic attacks are always triggered by external stressors and have no internal cognitive components.
A) initial panic attacks become associated with initially neutral internal and external cues through an interoceptive conditioning (or exteroceptive conditioning) process
what is the trait-like belief that certain bodily symptoms may have harmful consequences—are more prone to developing panic attacks and perhaps panic disorder
A) panic provocation
B) anxiety sensitivity
C) perceived control
D) somatic indifference
B) anxiety sensitivity
what is proposed as a factor leading to the maintenance of panic
A) Avoidance of situations or stimuli associated with panic attacks
B) Biased attention towards neutral or positive information
C) Biased in processing threatening information
D) Overestimation of one’s ability to control external events
C) Biased in processing threatening information
what variables are associated with bipolar disorder from a psychosocial viewpoint
A) Personality and cognitive style
B) Stressful life events and interpersonal difficulties
C) Social support and coping strategies
D) Parental upbringing and family dynamics
A) personality and cognitive style
personality variables and cognitive styles that are related to _________ have been associated with bipolar disorder
A)
B)
C)
D) goal striving, drive and incentive motivation
D) goal striving, drive and incentive motivation
manic symptoms are associated with what two personality variables
A)
B) achievement striving and sensitivity to rewards
C)
D)
B) achievement striving and sensitivity to rewards
what attributional style would be shown to increase depressive symptoms despite one having bipolar or unipolar disorder
A) Optimistic
B) Neutral
C) Pessimistic
D) Positive
C) pessimistic
what have sociocultural perspectives found in relation to differences in depressive symptoms
A) Western cultures tend to exhibit the more “physical” symptoms.
B) Non-Western cultures tend to exhibit the more “physical” symptoms.
C) The prevalence of depressive symptoms is uniform across cultures.
D) Depressive symptoms are independent of cultural factors.
B) non-Western cultures tend to exhibit the more “physical” symptoms
in relation to sociocultural differences in depressive symptoms, what do Western cultures tend to focus on
A) societal expectations
B) “psychological” symptoms
C) familial expectations
D) “physical”symptoms
B) “psychological” symptoms
why would symptom differences between nonwestern and western occur
A)
B) asian beliefs in the unity of the mind and body
C)
D)
B) asian beliefs in the unity of the mind and body
according to sociocultural perspectives, western cultures have symptoms relating to
A) stigma about mental illness
B) sleep disturbances, loss of appetite
C) unity of he mind
D) guilt, worthlessness about the self
D) guilt and the self
