~~~ SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER TEST BANK

Question 1

Approximately __________ percent of Americans report using alcohol at least once per month.

a) 25
b) 50
c) 75
d) 90

Answer 1

b) 50

Question 2

The DSM-5 refers to the pathological use of substances as

a) substance abuse
b) substance dependence
c) substance use disorder
d) none of the above

Answer 2

c) substance use disorder

Question 3

The DSM-5 has added __________ to the criteria for pathological substance abuse.

a) craving for substance
b) desire for high feelings
c) risky behavior
d) none of the above

Answer 3

a) craving for substance

Question 4

The criteria for substance use disorder in the DSM-5 include all of the following EXCEPT

a) failure to meet obligations.
b) repeated legal problems having to do with substance use.
c) repeated sales of illegal substances
d) tolerance

Answer 4

c) repeated sales of illegal substances

Question 5

Q
Catherine has been unable to obtain or use crack for several weeks because she has had no money. She went through withdrawal symptoms when she was unable to take her usual dose. She craves the drug all the time and is constantly searching for ways to get some. Her efforts to obtain crack have seriously interfered with her ability to work and take care of her children. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit Catherine’s symptoms?

a) substance abuse
b) substance use disorder
c) substance dependence
d) Catherine does not qualify for a diagnosis since she has not used the drug for the past month

Answer 5

b) substance use disorder

Question 6

Wanda drinks frequently and requires more alcohol now than she did six months ago to achieve the same effect. She reports that she can out-drink most people. Wanda is probably

a) genetically predisposed to alcoholism.
b) developing a physiological dependence on alcohol.
c) acquiring behavioral skills in modulating her drinking.
d) deluding herself. This is not physically possible.

Answer 6

b) developing a physiological dependence on alcohol.

Question 7

Carlos suddenly stopped taking amphetamines after prolonged abuse of the drug. He became very ill and died. His death is an example of severe

a) substance dependence.
b) substance abuse.
c) withdrawal symptoms.
d) synergistic effects.

Answer 7

c) withdrawal symptoms.

Question 8

Delirium tremens refers to

a) a symptom of conversion disorder.
b) the symptoms that accompany an overdose of heroin.
c) the symptoms that may accompany withdrawal from alcohol.
d) the hallucinations common in schizophrenia.

Answer 8

c) the symptoms that may accompany withdrawal from alcohol.

Question 9

Delirium tremens may result from

a) a sudden drop in alcohol levels in a chronic heavy drinker.
b) high doses of alcohol in a person who has not previously drunk heavily.
c) high doses of alcohol in a chronic heavy drinker.
d) All of the above can cause the symptoms of delirium tremens

Answer 9

a) a sudden drop in alcohol levels in a chronic heavy drinker.

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in alcohol tolerance?

a) serotonin
b) dopamine
c) norepinephrine
d) GABA

Answer 9

d) GABA

Question 10

Among college students, binge drinking is more common in

a) men.
b) women.
c) the prevalence of binge drinking is equal in men and women.
d) state schools versus private schools.

Answer 10

a) men.

Question 10

Alcohol dependence is particularly high among which of the following groups?

a) Hispanics and Asian Americans
b) African Americans and Whites
c) Native Americans and Hispanics
d) Asian Americans and African Americans

Answer 10

c) Native Americans and Hispanics

Question 11

Alcohol goes from the stomach into the __________ and is absorbed into the blood, after which it is metabolized by the __________.

a) small intestine; kidneys
b) small intestine; liver
c) gall bladder; liver
d) pancreas; kidneys

Answer 11

b) small intestine; liver

Question 12

Which of the following persons will be most affected by two ounces of alcohol?

a) A 195-pound woman who just ate a Big Mac.
b) A 150-pound man who has an empty stomach.
c) A 125-pound woman who has an empty stomach.
d) All the above people will be similarly affected by two ounces of alcohol.

Answer 12

c) A 125-pound woman who has an empty stomach.

Question 12

The initial effect of alcohol is

a) depressive.
b) sedating.
c) anxiety producing.
d) pleasurable feeling

Answer 12

d) pleasurable feeling

Question 13

Cirrhosis of the liver due to alcohol abuse is characterized by

a) liver cells becoming engorged with fat and protein.
b) an increased efficiency of alcohol absorption with a corresponding decrease in blood-cell reproduction.
c) a decreased efficiency in absorption due to liver atrophy.
d) None of the above.

Answer 13

a) liver cells becoming engorged with fat and protein.

Question 14

Heavy drinkers

a) suffer malnutrition from reduced food intake.
b) suffer malnutrition by alcohol blocking proper absorption of nutrients.
c) experience vitamin deficiencies.
d) All of the above.

Answer 14

d) All of the above.

Question 15

Pregnant women have been encouraged by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to

a) totally abstain from drinking.
b) not alter their drinking habits.
c) drink now and again, but only during the third trimester of pregnancy.
d) reduce their drinking to no more than several drinks a day.

Answer 15

a) totally abstain from drinking.

Question 16

Research has found that mild levels of alcohol consumption

a) could lead to alcohol dependence in women who have experienced a stressful event.
b) could lead to cirrhosis.
c) is correlated to better dietary habits and therefore longer lifespan.
d) is correlated to decreased risk for coronary heart disease.

Answer 16

d) is correlated to decreased risk for coronary heart disease.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

a) All fetuses exposed to alcohol will have cognitive problems later in life.
b) The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism counsels total abstention from alcohol consumption during pregnancy as the safest course.
c) Research indicates that moderate drinking has no effect on the fetus.
d) The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism has concluded that mild drinking is harmless for pregnant women.

Answer 16

b) The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism counsels total abstention from alcohol consumption during pregnancy as the safest course

Question 17

Nicotine is the addicting agent in

a) marijuana.
b) hashish.
c) tobacco.
d) cocaine.

Answer 17

c) tobacco.

Question 17

Which of the following are medical problems associated with long-term cigarette smoking?

a) emphysema
b) cancer of the esophagus
c) cancer of the larynx
d) all of the above

Answer 17

d) all of the above

Question 17

Q
Nicotine ultimately stimulates __________, which are implicated in the reinforcing effects of smoking.

a) muscarinic receptors
b) dopamine receptors
c) GABA receptors
d) serotonin receptors

Answer 17

b) dopamine receptors

Question 18

Cigarette smoking is most prevalent among which of the following groups?

a) Caucasian adolescents
b) African American adolescents
c) Asian American adolescents
d) None of the above − smoking is equally prevalent among these groups

Answer 18

a) Caucasian adolescents

Question 19

Exposure of a nonsmoker to secondhand smoke

a) is less harmful than smoking because of the lower levels of nicotine and tar in secondhand smoke.
b) has been shown to have far fewer negative effects than the media suggest.
c) can lead to lung damage.
d) has negative effects on the fetuses of pregnant nonsmokers but not on the women themselves.

Answer 19

c) can lead to lung damage

Question 20

Hashish is

a) derived from resin after smoking marijuana.
b) derived from resin from cannabis plants.
c) based upon a mixture of marijuana and heroin.
d) milder than marijuana.

Answer 20

b) derived from resin from cannabis plants.

Question 21

Marijuana comes from the __________ plant.

a) cannabis sativa
b) cannabis marija
c) marija cannabis
d) cannabis hempa

Answer 21

a) cannabis sativa

Question 22

Epidemiology data have shown that marijuana use is nearly twice as common

a) in women than men.
b) among Asian Americans than among Caucasians.
c) now than it was in 1997.
d) in men than women.

Answer 22

d) in men than women.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about the “stepping-stone” theory of drug use is most accurate?

a) Most people who use “soft” drugs will move on to try “harder” drugs.
b) Most people who use “hard” drugs started out on “softer” drugs.
c) There is no difference between “hard” and “soft” drugs.
d) There is no relationship between the use of “hard” and “soft” drugs.

Answer 23

b) Most people who use “hard” drugs started out on “softer” drugs.

Question 24

The “stepping-stone” theory of drug use is also called the

a) correlational theory.
b) multi-determined theory.
c) social facilitation theory.
d) gateway theory.

Answer 24

d) gateway theory.

Question 25

Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a complicating factor in interpreting findings from studies of the effects of marijuana?

a) Marijuana contains many compounds.
b) Many users are polydrug abusers.
c) Effects vary widely with potency and dose.
d) Its problems were recognized only recently

Answer 25

c) Effects vary widely with potency and dose.

Question 25

Long-term marijuana use may result in __________, even long after one stops using.

a) visual processing difficulties
b) short-term memory impairment
c) decreased attention span
d) increased agitation

Answer 25

b) short-term memory impairment

Question 25

Recent research regarding marijuana suggests

a) that it is not at all addictive.
b) it may be addictive; tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are found in some cases.
c) there are clearly withdrawal symptoms.
d) it is not as dangerous as previously believed

Answer 25

b) it may be addictive; tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are found in some cases.

Question 26

Smoking marijuana has been shown to

a) seriously impair lung structure and function.
b) cause fatal heart attacks in healthy young men.
c) lead to stroke.
d) have no significant physically deleterious effects.

Answer 26

a) seriously impair lung structure and function.

Question 26

The benefit of marijuana when used for chronic illnesses is primarily to

a) reduce nausea for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
b) increase immune function.
c) improve attention and maintain medication adherence.
d) prevent additional infection

Answer 26

a) reduce nausea for patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Question 27

Heroin is broadly classified as a

a) hallucinogen.
b) pain killer.
c) stimulant.
d) barbiturate.

Answer 27

b) pain killer

Question 28

Tim works at a law firm where he is expected to bring in a large number of cases each week. He has been working at this job for five years, typically putting in 70 hours a week. He has begun to experience irritability and has begun to drink alcohol in the evening in order to get to sleep. Based on this information, if he were taking any other drug, it would most likely be

a) sedatives.
b) amphetamines.
c) hallucinogens.
d) pain killers.

Answer 28

b) amphetamines.

Question 29

Jolynn took a drug that caused the following symptoms: she felt wide-awake and friendly, and had no interest in lunch despite not having eaten since the night before. After taking a second dose of the drug, she became nervous and confused and developed a severe headache. Which of the following drugs did Jolynn probably take?
Select one:
a. marijuana
b. barbiturates
c. alcohol
d. amphetamines

Answer 29

d. amphetamines

Question 30

Treatment for heroin addiction often involves

a. immediate abstinence.
b. methadone.
c. ibuprofen.
d. antidepressants.

Answer 30

b. methadone.

Question 31

Contingency management is a treatment for alcohol dependency that involves
Select one:
a. teaching families of alcoholics to express their love only when the alcoholic is not drinking.
b. providing tokens when the alcoholic abstains from drinking for a certain amount of time.
c. teaching people and those close to them to reinforce behaviors inconsistent with drinking.
d. going through a 12-step alcohol abstinence program.

Answer 31

c. teaching people and those close to them to reinforce behaviors inconsistent with drinking.

Question 32

a treatment based on the principles of oper-ant conditioning and offers rewards or financial incentives for meeting agreed-on treatment targets

A)

B)

C)

D) contingency management

Answer 32

D) contingency management

Question 33

Which of the following statements about the “stepping-stone” theory of drug use is most accurate?
a) Most people who use “soft” drugs will move on to try “harder” drugs.
b) Most people who use “hard” drugs started out on “softer” drugs.
c) There is no difference between “hard” and “soft” drugs.
d) There is no relationship between the use of “hard” and “soft” drugs.

Answer 33

b) Most people who use “hard” drugs started out on “softer” drugs.

Question 34

Which of the following drugs is most likely to have life-threatening withdrawal reactions?
a) alcohol
b) barbiturates
c) heroin
d) cocaine

Answer 34

b) barbiturates

Question 35

Sedatives most likely affect
a) norepinephrine levels.
b) the GABA system.
c) dopamine receptors.
d) muscarinic receptors.

Answer 35

b) the GABA system.

Question 36

. Which of the following are withdrawal symptoms from caffeine?
a) headaches
b) anxiety
c) fatigue
d) all of the above

Answer 36

d) all of the above

Question 37

Chronic use of methamphetamine
a) was condoned by Freud.
b) is rarely correlated with use of other drugs.
c) actually enhances cognitive abilities.
d) may result in smaller hippocampal volume.

Answer 37

d) may result in smaller hippocampal volume.

Question 38

One of the difficulties in conducting studies of the specific effects of methamphetamine is that
a) its use is very rare.
b) many users have also used other substances.
c) individuals who use it are particularly likely to also use crack.
d) most users live in rural areas

Answer 38

b) many users have also used other substances.

Question 38

LSD is a(n)
a) amphetamine.
b) methamphetamine.
c) stimulant.
d) hallucinogen.

Answer 38

d) hallucinogen.

Question 38

Flashbacks following LSD use are caused by
a) drug-induced changes in brain structures.
b) LSD released from storage in cells.
c) personality variables that render the user susceptible.
d) The cause is unknown.

Answer 38

d) The cause is unknown.

Question 38

A recent study indicated that there were more hospital ER visits for __________ than for any other drug.
a) heroin
b) amphetamine
c) marijuana
d) cocaine

Answer 38

d) cocaine

Question 39

fter taking a particular drug, Hal began feeling that time was passing very slowly, and he began having profound thoughts about the nature of time and the universe. While this first experience was at first deeply moving, leading to feelings of elation, the next time Hal tried this drug, he felt anxious and depressed. What drug did Hal probably take?
a) marijuana
b) ecstasy
c) heroin
d) cocaine

Answer 39

b) ecstasy

Question 39

Mescaline is obtained
a) by a chemical procedure that can only be done in a lab.
b) from a cactus plant.
c) by combining two hallucinogenic drugs.
d) none of the above.

Answer 39

b) from a cactus plant.

Question 40

The drug Ecstasy is a relatively new form of
a) stimulant.
b) barbiturate.
c) hallucinogen.
d) marijuana.

Answer 40

c) hallucinogen.

Question 41

PCP is also known as
a) ecstasy.
b) meth.
c) weed.
d) angel dust.

Answer 41

d) angel dust.

Question 42

A colorless gas that produces lightheadedness and a state of euphoria is known as:
a) nitrous oxide.
b) laughing gas.
c) oxygen nitride.
d) both a and b.

Answer 42

d) both a and b.

Question 43

study mentioned in the text examined two groups of people. In the first group, the people began drinking early in adolescence and continued to increase their drinking throughout high school. In the second group, they started drinking a lesser amount in early adolescence and increased drinking at two peak points, one in middle school and another later in high school. The study found that

a) boys were more likely to follow the trajectory of the first group, while girls were more likely to follow the trajectory of the second group

b) girls were more likely to follow the trajectory of the first group, while boys were more likely to follow the trajectory of the second group

c) boys and girls were equally likely to follow either trajectory

d) boys and girls from Eastern cultures were more likely to follow the second trajectory than boys and girls from Western cultures

Answer 43

a) boys were more likely to follow the trajectory of the first group, while girls were more likely to follow the trajectory of the second group

Question 44

Research on the genetic contribution of drug abuse has shown that
a) genetic risk factors are stronger for “hard” drugs, such as stimulants and hallucinogens.
b) genetic risk factors appear to be the same no matter what the drug.
c) genetic risk is strongest for alcohol.
d) only marijuana use has been shown to be unrelated to genetic risk.

Answer 44

b) genetic risk factors appear to be the same no matter what the drug.

Question 44

. Recent research suggests that the tendency to smoke may be controlled in part by
a) baseline levels of serotonin.
b) a gene that regulates the reuptake of dopamine.
c) a deficiency in dopamine.
d) a brain area that regulates both serotonin and dopamine.

Answer 44

b) a gene that regulates the reuptake of dopamine

Question 45

f a drug is used largely because it decreases negative mood, then the psychological effect of that drug is considered
a) negatively reinforcing.
b) positively reinforcing.
c) non-addictive.
d) a mood stabilizer

Answer 45

a) negatively reinforcing.

Question 45

Nearly all drugs, including alcohol, stimulate
a) sensation seeking pathways.
b) GABA pathways.
c) serotonin systems in the brain.
d) dopamine systems in the brain.

Answer 45

d) dopamine systems in the brain.

Question 45

he incentive-sensitization theory of substance dependence considers
a) cravings for the substance and the pleasure that comes with taking the substance.
b) the extremes a person will go to obtain the substance.
c) the age of a person when they first use the substance.
d) how much a person likes the substance.

Answer 45

a) cravings for the substance and the pleasure that comes with taking the substance.

Question 46

Recent research has found that alcohol
a) increases negative emotions and lessens positive emotions in response to anxiety provoking situations.
b) increases positive emotions in response to anxiety provoking situations.
c) lessens negative emotions and lessens positive emotions in response to anxiety provoking situations.
d) increases negative and positive emotions.

Answer 46

c) lessens negative emotions and lessens positive emotions in response to anxiety provoking situations.

Question 46

What has been shown to be related to the changes in marijuana consumption among high school students?
a) Social factors that foster marijuana use, such as joblessness or economic factors.
b) Media images supporting cigarette smoking.
c) Lowered purity of marijuana available in the market.
d) Beliefs about the risks associated with marijuana smoking.

Answer 46

d) Beliefs about the risks associated with marijuana smoking.

Question 46

Although it has been shown that alcohol does not have a consistent effect upon stress, people continue to drink as a means to alleviate stress because
a) they expect it to help.
b) others suggest drinking to unwind.
c) drinking is more socially acceptable than consuming other drugs.
d) they are unaware of the severity of life stress they are experiencing.

Answer 46

a) they expect it to help.

Question 47

an important sociocultural variable that has been cited in the increased use of cigarettes has been
a) the role of the family in providing implicit messages regarding smoking.
b) rebound effects from the end of ‘just say no’ campaigns.
c) the media and advertising.
d) the restriction of places where one may smoke.

Answer 47

c) the media and advertising.

Question 47

Research has suggested that in cultures or social contexts where heavy drinking is considered normal,
a) there are lower consumption rates.
b) there are higher consumption rates.
c) women are less likely to become alcoholics than women in cultures where drinking is discouraged.
d) men in the lower social classes are more likely to become alcoholics.

Answer 47

b) there are higher consumption rates.

Question 47

In regard to personality factors that may influence substance abuse, one study involved rating kindergarten children on several personality traits and following up with them several years later. In this study __________ in kindergarten predicted the onset of getting drunk, using drugs, and smoking at follow up.
a) depression and novelty seeking
b) anxiety and extraversion
c) depression and introversion
d) anxiety and novelty seeking

Answer 47

d) anxiety and novelty seeking

Question 47

A major goal of inpatient hospital-based treatment for alcohol abuse is
a) to focus upon sobriety as a major criteria for discharge.
b) helping the individual admit there is a problem.
c) increasing nutrition and creating a behavior that inhibits alcohol consumption.
d) detoxification.

Answer 47

d) detoxification.

Question 48

The treatment goal of Alcoholics Anonymous is
a) to help people cope with their spouse’s or parent’s drinking.
b) to change the public’s perceptions of alcohol and alcoholism.
c) to learn to drink socially without becoming drunk.
d) achieving abstinence from drinking.

Answer 48

d) achieving abstinence from drinking.

Question 48

Alcoholics Anonymous programs are run by
a) psychiatrists or psychologists.
b) the participants themselves.
c) mental health professionals who are themselves recovering alcoholics.
d) trained paraprofessionals.

Answer 48

b) the participants themselves.

Question 49

. Belief in the spiritual aspects of Alcoholics Anonymous has been found to
a) be important for success in remaining abstinent.
b) lead to a fatalism that actually interferes with combating alcohol dependence.
c) play an insignificant role in the success of the program.
d) no research has been done on this aspect of the program

Answer 49

a) be important for success in remaining abstinent.

Question 50

The first step of AA is
a) We admitted we were powerless over alcohol - that our lives had become unmanageable.
b) Came to believe that a power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.
c) Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves.
d) We admitted our addiction to ourselves and others in order to get help.

Answer 50

a) We admitted we were powerless over alcohol - that our lives had become unmanageable.

Question 51

Jared is receiving guided self-change therapy for his alcohol abuse. Accordingly, he is also learning strategies for controlling his behaviors associated with drinking, as well as actual drinking. In such a program, which of the following would NOT be a factor?
a) The encouragement of minor behavioral changes (e.g., not driving past bars)
b) Calculating the amount of money spent on alcohol per year
c) Achieving recognition that he has become completely powerless over alcohol
d) Utilizing an empathic, supportive approach

Answer 51

c) Achieving recognition that he has become completely powerless over alcohol

Question 52

. Contingency management is a treatment for alcohol dependency that involves
a) teaching people and those close to them to reinforce behaviors inconsistent with drinking.
b) teaching families of alcoholics to express their love only when the alcoholic is not drinking.
c) providing tokens when the alcoholic abstains from drinking for a certain amount of time.
d) going through a 12-step alcohol abstinence program.

Answer 52

a) teaching people and those close to them to reinforce behaviors inconsistent with drinking.

Question 53

Antabuse is a medication for those with alcoholism which
a) reduces anxiety during the detoxification period.
b) helps replace the nutrients lost through malnutrition.
c) mimics the physiological effects of alcohol without creating the same psychological effects.
d) causes violent vomiting when alcohol is ingested.

Answer 53

d) causes violent vomiting when alcohol is ingested.

Question 53

Which of the following is a risk of administering drugs to alcoholics as a means of treating their symptoms?
a) The person is simply seeking a chemical cure when the cause may be psychological
b) Making the person believe that taking a substance is necessary to solve the problem
c) Many of the recommended medications also have unpleasant side effects that are compounded by the withdrawal from alcohol
d) All of the above

Answer 53

d) All of the above

Question 54

The vast majority of smokers who quit do so
a) through quitting cold turkey.
b) with the help of hypnosis.
c) through scheduled smoking treatment.
d) without professional help.

Answer 54

c) through scheduled smoking treatment.

Question 55

. The goal of scheduled smoking is
a) gradual reduction in nicotine intake.
b) controlled smoking, in which smoking continues but much more moderately.
c) to help smokers quit abruptly by scheduling a ‘stop smoking’ day in advance.
d) identification of triggers associated with smoking.

Answer 55

a) gradual reduction in nicotine intake.

Question 56

A risk associated with nicotine gum is
a) that the flavor prevents many people from completing a program of use designed to quit smoking.
b) that it can increase blood pressure, leading to health risks for those with cardiovascular diseases.
c) negative interactions with other prescription drugs.
d) the resemblance it bears to other candies, making it appealing to children.

Answer 56

b) that it can increase blood pressure, leading to health risks for those with cardiovascular diseases.

Question 57

How effective are nicotine gum and patches in helping smokers quit?
a) highly effective as a primary treatment
b) largely ineffective even as a supplement to other programs
c) moderately effective, as side-effects cause many to discontinue their use
d) moderately effective when combined with psychological treatment

Answer 57

d) moderately effective when combined with psychological treatment

Question 58

. Which of the following have been used in treatment for smoking cessation?
a) antidepressants
b) anxiolytics
c) stimulants
d) acetaminophen

Answer 58

a) antidepressants

Question 59

A first step for treating people dependent on drugs is
a) helping them identify why they began to use drugs.
b) detoxification.
c) helping them understand why the drug is not good for them.
d) committing to abstinence.

Answer 59

b) detoxification.

Question 60

Studies of contingency management for cocaine abuse find that it is
a) largely ineffective.
b) less effective than pharmacological interventions.
c) associated with a greater likelihood of abstinence and a better quality of life for the people receiving the treatment.
d) none of the above - this treatment has not been used for cocaine abuse.

Answer 60

c) associated with a greater likelihood of abstinence and a better quality of life for the people receiving the treatment.

Question 61

A difficulty in studying residential treatment programs for drug abuse is that
a) most residences are secretive and unwilling to allow research activity.
b) addicts at such settings are not severely addicted.
c) patients at these settings are voluntary, and therefore these addicts represent a minority of the actual addict population.
d) the number of patients entering such settings changes slowly, making it difficult to obtain an adequate number of participants.

Answer 61

c) patients at these settings are voluntary, and therefore these addicts represent a minority of the actual addict population.

Question 62

Treatment for heroin addiction often involves
a) ibuprofen.
b) antidepressants.
c) methadone.
d) immediate abstinence.

Answer 62

c) methadone.

Question 63

Why do some believe that the new prescription drug Suboxone is a superior treatment for heroin dependence?
a) It is only mildly addictive
b) The effects last longer than methadone
c) Individuals do not have to visit a clinic to receive this medication
d) All of the above

Answer 63

d) All of the above

Question 64

Changing beliefs about the prevalence of smoking in young people
a) appears to be an effective strategy in delaying the onset of smoking.
b) has shown little promise in delaying the onset of smoking.
c) actually increases smoking in young people.
d) is less effective than resistance training, such as DARE

Answer 64

a) appears to be an effective strategy in delaying the onset of smoking.

Question 65

how effective is the Project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education)?
a) extremely effective
b) effective primarily in girls
c) effective primarily in boys
d) not effective

Answer 65

d) not effective

Question 65

Which of these symptoms is not a criterion for Substance Use Disorder in the DSM-5?

a. Continued use despite knowing the use causes problems.

b. Efforts to control or stop use are unsuccessful.

c. Craving to use is strong.

d. Withdrawal is experienced when ceasing use.

Answer 65

a. Continued use despite knowing the use causes problems.

Question 65

Which of the following has been useful in discouraging teens from trying drugs and alcohol?
a) DARE
b) brief family interventions
c) television commercials about the dangers of substance use
d) all of the above

Answer 65

b) brief family interventions

Question 66

. A new disorder in the Substance Use and Addictive Disorders chapter is

a. Gambling disorder

b. Substance Abuse with Psychological Dependence

c. Sex Addiction

d. Internet Gaming Disorder

Answer 66

a. Gambling disorder

Question 67

An involuntary reoccurrence of perceptual distortions can occur weeks or months after taking a particular drug. The phenomenon is called ________; the drug is called ________.
Group of answer choices

amphetamine psychosis; amphetamine

a flashback; LSD

a rush; LSD

a blackout; alcohol

Answer 67

a flashback; LSD

Question 68

Which of the following is a narcotic?
Group of answer choices

Alcohol

Codeine

Marijuana

Tobacco

Answer 68

Codeine

Question 69

What complicates the use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism?
Group of answer choices

While it lessens cravings, it does nothing to improve negative mood states.

There is a risk of dependence.

It has to be administered intravenously.

Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided.

Answer 69

Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided.

Question 70

Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future:

a. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will increase

b. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease

c. the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will increase

d. the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will decrease

Answer 70

b. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease

Question 71

At low levels, alcohol’s effect on the brain is ________; at higher levels, alcohol’s effect is ________.

a. to inhibit glutamate (an excitatory
neurotransmitter); release opium-like endorphins

b. too minimal to have an impact; massive and excitatory

c. depressive; excitatory

d. to activate the brain’s “pleasure centers”; depress brain functioning

Answer 71

d. to activate the brain’s “pleasure centers”; depress brain functioning

Question 72

Alcoholic blackouts:
a. cause hangovers
b. are seen only with heavy drinking
c. can occur with just moderate drinking
d. only happen when alcohol dependence has developed

Answer 72

c. can occur with just moderate drinking

Question 73

What evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication (a blood alcohol content of 0.08) should be changed?

a. Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much lower blood alcohol levels.

b. Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much higher blood alcohol levels.

c. Few people show any impairment at this blood alcohol level.

d. Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.

Answer 73

d. Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.

Question 74

The typical course of alcohol-related disorder:

a. is always a continuous and gradual decline

b. is a rapid decline followed by abstinence

c. is a gradual decline followed by increasing physical problems

d. is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder

Answer 74

d. is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder

Question 75

Cirrhosis of the liver:

a. is a rare complication of alcoholism

b. is due to an allergic-type reaction of the body to alcohol

c. is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol

d. is debilitating but rarely fatal

Answer 75

c. is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol

Question 76

Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes:
a. down syndrome in the child
b. incomplete fusion of the spinal canal in the child
c. aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child
d. premature birth and higher rates of still-births

Answer 76

c. aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child

Question 77

Alcohol withdrawal delirium:
a. occurs when alcohol and other drugs are used simultaneously
b. most commonly occurs in alcoholics who suffer from a mood or personality disorder
c. typically lasts from three to six days
d. is characterized by dissociative and amnesic symptoms

Answer 77

c. typically lasts from three to six days

Question 78

Concerning the causes of alcoholism:

a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence

b. there is strong evidence that individuals at risk for alcohol dependence inherit a faulty metabolism.

c. most research evidence points to genetic liability as the primary cause of alcohol dependence in men, but not in women

d. the causes of alcohol dependence are primarily psychosocial rather than biological in nature

Answer 78

a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence

Question 79

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism:

a. have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited

b. are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to “run in families” is a result of environmental or biological factors

c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to
alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse

d. have identified the gene that causes alcoholism

Answer 79

c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to
alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse

Question 80

Which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol?

a. overly sensitive to the feelings of others

b. high tolerance for frustration

c. strong need for praise and admiration

d. over-certainty of ability to fulfill expected gender roles

Answer 80

c. strong need for praise and admiration

Question 81

Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use?

a. overindulging children by giving them too many gifts and privileges

b. restricting children from any form of experimentation with alcohol and other drugs

c. restricting the expression of positive emotions

d. lack of monitoring the adolescent’s activities

Answer 81

d. lack of monitoring the adolescent’s activities

Question 82

“Spice”, “K2” and “Blaze” are all names for:

A) Synthetic cathinones

B) Cocaine

C) LSD

D) synthetic marijuana

Answer 82

D) synthetic marijuana

Question 83

substances that mimic the effects of tetrahydrocannab-inol (THC), the active plant-derived substance in mari-juana, and activate the human endocannabinoid system are called

A) Synthetic cathinones

B) Cocaine

C) LSD

D) synthetic cannabinoids

Answer 83

D) synthetic cannabinoids

Question 84

substances that mimic the effects of amphetamines and cocaine by activating the body’s monoamine systems are called

A) Synthetic cathinones

B) Cocaine

C) LSD

D) synthetic cannabinoids

Answer 84

A) Synthetic cathinones

Question 85

“bath salts” is a name for

A) Synthetic cathinones

B) Cocaine

C) LSD

D) synthetic marijuana

Answer 85

A) Synthetic cathinones

Question 86

which of the following drugs would reduce tension, facilitate social interaction and “blots out” feelings or events

A) Morphine

B) Barbiturates

C) Mescaline

D) Xanax

Answer 86

B) Barbiturates

Question 87

which of the following is not considered a hallucinogen

A) Cocaine

B) PCP

C) Mescaline

D) Cannabis

Answer 87

A) Cocaine

Question 88

what are the effects of PCP

A) Mild sedation and relaxation

B) Induces symptoms that are very similar to those of schizophrenia

C) Improves cognitive functioning

D) Has no impact on mental health

Answer 88

B) induces symptoms that are very similar to those of schizophrenia

Question 89

what determines if ketamine causes psychosis

A) weight

B) health

C) gender

D) age

Answer 89

D) age

Question 90

if Joe, a 12 year old with no history of disorder was given ketamine, we would expect that

A) It would exacerbate his current symptoms

B) Ketamine would be safe for Joe given his age and history

C) Joe would experience hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder

D) none of the above

Answer 90

B) Ketamine would be safe for Joe given his age and history