SYMPTOMS & DIAGNOSIS QUIZ Flashcards

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1
Q

Sterling believed that the TV special that was on last night was shown to her to tell her that she should break up with her bf. she is absolutely certain this is true and plans to do it. this type of belief is an example of

A) thought broadcasting delusion

B) delusion of reference

C) made feelings delusions

D) thought insertion delusion

A

B) delusion of reference

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2
Q

John believes that every time he has a happy thought, it’s not his own, but rather, an external force is implanting those happy feelings in his mind. this type of belief is an example of

A) thought broadcasting delusion

B) delusion of reference

C) made feelings delusions

D) thought insertion delusion

A

D) thought insertion delusion

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3
Q

Sarah is convinced that everyone around her can hear her thoughts, and that her innermost private thoughts are being broadcasted to others without her control. She thinks that people are reacting to the thoughts she believes they can hear. this type of belief is an example of

A) thought broadcasting delusion

B) delusion of reference

C) made feelings delusions

D) thought insertion delusion

A

A) thought broadcasting delusion

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4
Q

Mark feels that certain thoughts are being implanted into his mind by an external entity. He might believe that aliens or a government agency are placing thoughts in his head against his will. this type of belief is an example of
A) thought broadcasting delusion

B) delusion of reference

C) made feelings delusions

D) thought insertion delusion

A

D) thought insertion delusion

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5
Q

Emily is convinced that an external force is actively removing thoughts from her mind. She believes that someone or something is constantly taking away her thoughts, leaving her feeling empty and unable to retain her own mental processes. this type of belief is an example of

A) thought broadcasting delusion

B) thought withdrawal delusion

C) made feelings delusions

D) thought insertion delusion

A

B) thought withdrawal delusion

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6
Q

Alex is watching a random TV show and becomes convinced that the characters are sending personal messages specifically meant for him. He thinks the events in the show are directly related to his life and that the actors are aware of him personally. this type of belief is an example of

A) thought broadcasting delusion

B) delusion of reference

C) made feelings delusions

D) thought insertion delusion

A

B) delusion of reference

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7
Q

Lisa believes that her emotions are being manipulated by an invisible force, making her experience extreme joy or sadness without any apparent reason or control on her part.

A) thought broadcasting delusion

B) delusion of reference

C) made feelings delusions

D) thought insertion delusion

A

C) made feelings delusions

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8
Q

Joe is in line in a coffee shop and thinks that everyone can hear the rude words that he is thinking. this type of belief is an example of

A) thought broadcasting delusion

B) delusion of reference

C) made feelings delusions

D) thought insertion delusion

A

A) thought broadcasting delusion

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9
Q

which of the following is an example of the most common type of hallucination seen in schizophrenia

A) sondra tries to ignore the voices in her head

B) ned believes he was elvis

C) bill was convinced that his mother was inserting evil thoughts into his mind

D) rachel would frequently see her husband, even though he had been dead for several decades

A

A) sondra tries to ignore the voices in her head

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10
Q

The party was full of zibberflarks, and we were all jambulating around. The food was absolutely scrungle is an example of

A) Echolalia

B) catatonia

C) formal thought disorder

D) neologisms

A

D) neologisms

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11
Q

what is a term used by clinicians to refer to problems in the way that disorganised thought is expressed in disorganised speech

A) Echolalia

B) catatonia

C) formal thought disorder

D) neologisms

A

C) formal thought disorder

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12
Q

Mark sits perfectly still for hours on end, staring into space. Despite attempts to engage with him, he does not respond to external stimuli. this is an example of

A) Echolalia

B) catatonic stupor

C) formal thought disorder

D) neologisms

A

B) catatonic stupor

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13
Q

Emily, in a catatonic state, repeats words or phrases spoken by others without showing comprehension. If someone says, “How are you?” she may echo the same words without conveying a meaningful response.

A) Echolalia

B) catatonic stupor

C) formal thought disorder

D) neologisms

A

A) Echolalia

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14
Q

Mary receives news about an unexpected event, but her facial expression and emotional response remain minimal. She displays limited emotional range and does not react strongly to situations that would typically evoke a more expressive response.

A) Avolition

B) Alogia

C) Flat Affect

D) Blunted affect

A

D) Blunted affect

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15
Q

John recounts a personal experience with a complete lack of emotional expression. Regardless of whether the story is positive or negative, his face remains devoid of any visible emotional response, and his voice lacks intonation.

A) Avolition

B) Alogia

C) Flat Affect

D) Blunted affect

A

C) Flat Affect

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16
Q

Sarah is asked about her day, and her response is very brief and lacks elaboration. She provides minimal information and does not engage in extended conversation.

A) Avolition

B) Alogia

C) Flat Affect

D) Blunted affect

A

B) Alogia

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17
Q

Alex has a strong desire to find a job and improve his financial situation, but he struggles to initiate and sustain the necessary steps to job search. Despite recognizing the importance of finding employment, he has the inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities.

A) Avolition

B) Alogia

C) Flat Affect

D) Blunted affect

A

A) Avolition

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18
Q

Ned sat for long periods of time staring into space or watching TV with little interest in any outside work or social activity

A) Avolition

B) Alogia

C) Anhedonia

D) Blunted affect

A

A) Avolition

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19
Q

Sarah used to enjoy painting and spending time with friends, but now she finds no pleasure in these activities. Even activities that used to bring her joy now seem dull and uninteresting.

A) Avolition

B) Alogia

C) Anhedonia

D) Blunted affect

A

C) Anhedonia

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20
Q

one’s sense of the reality of the outside world is temporarily lost.

A) dissociative amnesia

B) DID

C) derealisation

D) dissociative fugue

A

C) derealisation

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21
Q

After witnessing a traumatic event, Sarah and cannot recall specific details about the incident. Despite efforts to remember, she is unable to retrieve personal memories related to the event.

A) dissociative amnesia

B) DID

C) derealisation

D) dissociative fugue

A

A) dissociative amnesia

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22
Q

Mark feels detached from his own body and emotions. During a stressful situation, he experiences a distorted sense of self, as if he is watching his actions from an outsider’s perspective. Despite this feeling of detachment, he remains aware of reality.

A) dissociative amnesia

B) DID

C) depersonalisation

D) dissociative fugue

A

C) depersonalisation

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23
Q

Emily walks through a crowded street but perceives everything as unreal and dreamlike. The people around her seem distant, and the environment appears foggy and distorted. Despite these perceptual alterations, she is aware that these experiences are not grounded in reality.

A) dissociative amnesia

B) DID

C) derealisation

D) dissociative fugue

A

C) derealisation

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24
Q

John unexpectedly travels to a different city and, during this time, is unable to recall his identity, past life, or the reason for his journey. He may adopt a new identity and may not remember anything about his life before this state

A) dissociative amnesia

B) DID

C) derealisation

D) dissociative fugue

A

D) dissociative fugue

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25
Q

Lisa experiences distinct and separate identities or personality states. Each identity has its own way of perceiving and interacting with the world. For example, one identity may be unaware of events that occurred when another identity was in control.

A) dissociative amnesia

B) DID

C) derealisation

D) dissociative fugue

A

B) DID

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26
Q

During a deep meditation, Sarah enters a trance state, experiencing a temporary alteration in consciousness. She becomes less aware of her surroundings, and her rhythmic, repetitive movements feel automatic and beyond her control, creating a sense of detachment from everyday concerns.

A) amnesia

B) possession trance

C) trance

D) DID

A

C) trance

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27
Q

During a religious ceremony, Alex enters a trance state where he becomes highly focused and experiences a narrowed awareness of his surroundings. He may engage in repetitive rituals or movements that are part of the trance experience.

A) amnesia

B) possession trance

C) trance

D) DID

A

B) possession trance

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28
Q

Maria participates in a cultural ritual where she believes she is possessed by a deity. During this experience her consciousness and identity shift, and she attributes her actions and speech to the influence of the deity.

A) amnesia

B) possession trance

C) trance

D) DID

A

B) possession trance

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29
Q

Sarah, diagnosed with DID, and perceives herself as being controlled by an external entity or spirit. During these episodes, her behavior and identity may change drastically.

A) amnesia

B) possession trance

C) trance

D) DID

A

B) possession trance

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30
Q

Emily, maintains her extremely low weight through severe dieting and strict limitations on caloric intake. She meticulously controls her meals, avoiding certain food groups and consistently reducing portion sizes to achieve and sustain her desired weight.

A) anorexia with restricting

B) anorexia purging

C) binge eating disorder

D) none of the above

A

A) anorexia with restricting

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31
Q

Alex, alternates between periods of strict dieting and episodes of consuming excessive amounts of food in a short period. Following these episodes, he feels compelled to purge to rid his body of the consumed calories. Alex engages in self-induced vomiting after consuming all the food

A) anorexia with restricting

B) anorexia purging

C) binge eating disorder

D) none of the above

A

B) anorexia purging

32
Q

John, rarely engages in social activities and avoids forming close relationships. He finds little pleasure in activities that typically bring joy to others and tends to lead a solitary lifestyle. John seldom expresses strong emotions and often appears emotionally detached, maintaining a consistently apathetic mood. Despite opportunities for intimacy, he does not pursue sexual relationships or marriage. What personality disorder would John most likely be diagnosed with

A) Schizoid Personality Disorder

B) Schizotypal Personality Disorder

C) Histrionic Personality Disorder

D) Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

A) Schizoid Personality Disorder

33
Q

Sarah, exhibits pervasive social and interpersonal deficits, struggling to form and maintain close connections with others. In addition to her introverted nature, she experiences cognitive and perceptual distortions. Sarah wears unusual clothing or expressing unconventional beliefs. Her communication style is characterized by peculiarities, and she tends to interpret events through highly personalized and superstitious thinking. Under intense stress, Sarah may temporarily experience transient psychotic symptoms

A) Schizoid Personality Disorder

B) Schizotypal Personality Disorder

C) Histrionic Personality Disorder

D) Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

B) Schizotypal Personality Disorder

34
Q

Emma is hesitant to initiate social interactions, often perceiving herself as unworthy or inferior. Her avoidance of social engagement extends to various aspects of life, hindering the development of close relationships and contributing to a persistent sense of social discomfort and inadequacy.

A) Schizoid Personality Disorder

B) Schizotypal Personality Disorder

C) Dependent Personality Disorder

D) Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

D) Avoidant Personality Disorder

35
Q

Mike is reluctant to make decisions independently and often relies heavily on others for emotional and practical support. His fear of separation or abandonment leads him to go to great lengths to maintain close relationships, even at the expense of his own needs and desires.

A) Schizoid Personality Disorder

B) Schizotypal Personality Disorder

C) Dependent Personality Disorder

D) Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

C) Dependent Personality Disorder

36
Q

Emily, experiences delays in language development. Despite her age, she struggles with articulating words and forming sentences. Additionally, she faces challenges in developing motor skills, finding it difficult to perform tasks that require precise hand-eye coordination.

A) learning disorder

B) intellectual disorder

C) dyslexia

D) dementia

A

A) learning disorder

37
Q

Alex, encounters difficulties in word recognition and reading comprehension. His spelling abilities are markedly deficient, and he struggles with memory retention related to written words. In assessments of reading skills, Alex consistently omits, adds, and distorts words, leading to a slow and laborious reading process. Despite his intelligence in other areas, this significantly impacts his ability to engage with written language and poses challenges in academic settings.

A) learning disorder

B) intellectual disorder

C) dyslexia

D) dementia

A

C) dyslexia

38
Q

Sarah, aged 12, exhibits deficits in general mental abilities. She faces challenges in reasoning, problem-solving, planning, and abstract thinking. Sarah’s judgment and academic learning are significantly impaired, and she struggles to learn from experiences.

A) learning disorder

B) intellectual disorder

C) dyslexia

D) dementia

A

B) intellectual disorder

39
Q

Sarah, aged 18, exhibits deficits in general mental abilities. She faces challenges in reasoning, problem-solving, planning, and abstract thinking. Sarah’s judgment and academic learning are significantly impaired, and she struggles to learn from experiences.

A) learning disorder

B) intellectual disorder

C) dyslexia

D) dementia

A

D) dementia

40
Q

in contrast to learning disorders, intellectual disorders are defined by

A) intelligence and level of performance

B) cognitive impairment

C) physical or neurological defect

D) head size

A

A) intelligence and level of performance

41
Q

in contrast to intellectual disorders, learning disorders are defined by

A) intelligence and level of performance

B) cognitive impairment

C) physical or neurological defect

D) head size

A

B) cognitive impairment

42
Q

skill deficits seen in learning disorders are coded under

A) learning disorders

B) dyslexia

C) intellectual disorders

D) ADHD

A

D) ADHD

43
Q

which of the following would be an example of the most common for of intellectual disability

A)

B)

C)

D)

A
44
Q

Even in adulthood, Emmas intellectual abilities are similar to those of an average 4-to-7-year-old child. Emma can learn to read and write to a limited extent, and her spoken language skills may be fair. However, her learning rate is slow, and she may experience clumsiness, bodily deformities, and poor motor coordination.

A) moderate

B) severe

C) profound

D) mild

A

A) moderate

44
Q

As an adult, Johns intellectual abilities are comparable to those of an average 8-to-11-year-old child. John is considered educable, can perform daily tasks with supervision, and his social adjustment is akin to that of adolescents. However, he may lack the imagination, inventiveness, and judgment typically seen in his peers. what level of intellectual disability would John be considered

A) moderate

B) severe

C) profound

D) mild

A

D) mild

45
Q

Alex suffers from impaired speech development, sensory defects, and motor handicaps. While Alex can develop limited personal hygiene and self-help skills, he remains significantly dependent on others for care.

A) moderate

B) severe

C) profound

D) mild

A

B) severe

46
Q

Sarah is severely deficient in adaptive behavior and unable to master anything beyond the simplest tasks. Sarah’s speech, if it develops at all, is rudimentary, and she experiences severe physical deformities, CNS pathology, and retarded growth. Due to her extensive needs and limitations, Sarah requires custodial care throughout her life.

A) moderate

B) severe

C) profound

D) mild

A

C) profound

47
Q

Mary, after witnessing a traumatic event, experiences symptoms such as intrusive memories, nightmares, and hypervigilance within the first week. Her emotional distress and dissociation from the event are pronounced. Mary’s symptoms persist for three weeks. what diagnosis would Mary be given

A) PTSD

B) social anxiety disorder

C) adjustment disorder

D) acute stress disorder

A

D) acute stress disorder

48
Q

After experiencing a traumatic event, Alex continues to grapple with symptoms such as flashbacks, avoidance of reminders, and heightened arousal. His distress persists well beyond the 4-week mark, and he struggles to regain a sense of normalcy. Alex is subsequently diagnosed with

A) PTSD

B) social anxiety disorder

C) adjustment disorder

D) acute stress disorder

A

A) PTSD

49
Q

Sarah, a college student, experiences significant distress and difficulty functioning after separation with her husband. Within a month, she finds herself struggling to concentrate on her studies, feeling constant sadness, and withdrawing from social activities. Despite the universality of grief in response to her separation, Sarah’s intense emotional reaction and impaired functioning exceed what is typically expected in the given circumstances. After seeking help from a mental health professional, she is diagnosed with

A) PTSD

B) social anxiety disorder

C) adjustment disorder

D) acute stress disorder

A

C) adjustment disorder

50
Q

Mark experiences hallucinations and disorganized thinking, and prolonged periods of depression. Mark’s mood episodes coincide with his psychotic symptoms, and the combination of mood and psychotic features leads to a diagnosis of

A) Schizophrenia

B) Brief Psychotic Disorder

C) Delusional Disorder

D) Schizoaffective Disorder

A

D) Schizoaffective Disorder

51
Q

Emma exhibits hallucinations and disorganized speech, for a continuous period of two months. While her symptoms are severe, they do not last for the required six month. Therefore, Emma is diagnosed

A) Schizophreniform Disorder

B) Brief Psychotic Disorder

C) Delusional Disorder

D) Schizoaffective Disorder

A

A) Schizophreniform Disorder

52
Q

Alex firmly believes that he is being followed by extraterrestrial beings who are monitoring his every move. Despite this delusional belief, his relationships, work, and daily activities are not significantly impaired.

A) Schizophreniform Disorder

B) Brief Psychotic Disorder

C) Delusional Disorder

D) Schizoaffective Disorder

A

C) Delusional Disorder

53
Q

Sarah, a previously healthy individual, suddenly experiences hallucinations and disorganized speech over the course of a few days. She is emotionally distressed during this brief episode, but after its resolution, she returns to her previous level of functioning, and such episodes do not recur. Sarah is diagnosed with

A) Schizophreniform Disorder

B) Brief Psychotic Disorder

C) Delusional Disorder

D) Schizoaffective Disorder

A

B) Brief Psychotic Disorder

54
Q

Jack reports being in a wonderful mood. He has been very active at work lately, even working far into the night, as he seems to need only a few hours of sleep at night. He is very talkative and quickly moves from one topic to another, describing a scheme he has for making a fortune in the stock market. These behaviors represent a change from Jack’s normal behaviors and have caused severe functional impairment. He reports no previous periods like this. Which of the following diagnoses would best fit Jack?

a) Overanxious disorder.

b) Dysthymic disorder.

c) Bipolar disorder.

d) Cyclothymic disorder.

A

c) Bipolar disorder.

55
Q

For a period of one week, Alan experienced episodes of extreme elation that caused significant functional impairment. Based on this information only, Alan was experiencing a

a) manic episode.
b) hypomanic episode.
c) depressive episode.
d) none of the above.

A

a) manic episode.

56
Q

Juan experiences symptoms of sad mood, increased sleep, agitation, poor appetite, and concentration difficulties most of the day. Julia, on the other hand, has symptoms of loss of interest in activities, lethargy, increased appetite, feelings of worthlessness, and recurrent thoughts of death. What can be concluded regarding Juan and Julia?

a) Both Juan and Julia have bipolar disorder
b) Juan has mania, whereas Julia has major depression.
c) Both have major depression.
d) Both have cyclothymic disorder.

A

c) Both have major depression.

57
Q

In the past year, John has had three depressive episodes and two manic episodes. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit John?

a) bipolar I disorder – rapid cycling specifier
b) bipolar II disorder – rapid cycling specifier
c) cyclothymia
d) major depressive disorder – rapid cycling specifier

A

a) bipolar I disorder – rapid cycling specifier

58
Q

Functional studies of people with major depression show

a. elevated activity in the amygdala.
b. decreased activity in the amygdala.
c. diminished volume in the prefrontal cortex.
d. diminished volume of the hippocampus.

A

a. elevated activity in the amygdala.

59
Q

John is in the middle of a major depressive episode. His friend, Sophie, has never experienced depression and she is trying to be supportive of John. If you were to show both John and Sophie photos of people with sad or angry expressions on their face,

a) structural activation studies would most likely indicate that John has a stronger and more sustained reaction in his amygdala than Sophie.

b) functional activation studies would most likely indicate that Sophie has a stronger and more sustained reaction in her amygdala than John.

c) functional activation studies would most likely indicate that John has a stronger and more sustained reaction in his amygdala than Sophie.

d) Based on this information, both Sophie and John would probably have the same amount of activity in their amygdala.

A

c. functional activation studies would most likely indicate that John has a stronger and more sustained reaction in his amygdala than Sophie.

60
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A. All of these other answers are correct.
B. All people who experience manic symptoms will experience symptoms of depression at some point during their lifetime.
C. An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I.
D. An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar II.

A

D. An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar II.

61
Q

Which of the following symptoms differentiate Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder from Persistent Depressive Disorder?

a) Joint or muscle pain indicates Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder but not Persistent Depressive Disorder.

b) Depressive symptoms must persist for at least two years in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder but not in Persistent Depressive Disorder.

c) Sleeping too much or too little is indicative of Persistent Depressive Disorder but not Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.

d) The only distinction is in the timing and frequency of the symptoms.

A

a) Joint or muscle pain indicates Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder but not Persistent Depressive Disorder.

62
Q

Ted is fearful of interactions with others and avoids eating in public. Ted most likely has

a) specific phobia.
b) panic disorder with agoraphobia.
c) social anxiety disorder.
d) paranoia.

A

c) social anxiety disorder.

63
Q

John is persistently and excessively afraid of snakes. Whenever he sees a snake, he feels intense anxiety and thus avoids them at all costs. John realizes, however, that this fear is unrealistic. John most likely has

a) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b) social anxiety disorder.
c) a specific phobia.
d) panic disorder.

A

c) a specific phobia.

64
Q

Emma, diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, experiences intense anxiety around food, avoids social situations involving meals, and has a pervasive fear of gaining weight. Her preoccupation with perfection and control over her food make it likely that she has what personality disorder

A) avoidant and dependent personality

B) avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality.

C) dramatic, emotional, or erratic (Cluster B)

D) avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality

A

B) avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality.

65
Q

anorexia nervosa as well as those with bulimia nervosa are associated with what personality disorders

A) Schizotypal, paranoid, and schizoid personality disorders (Cluster A)

B) Anxious-avoidant cluster (Cluster C)

C) Dramatic, emotional, or erratic and borderline (Cluster B)

D) Avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality

A

B) anxious-avoidant cluster (Cluster C)

66
Q

Alex has bulimia nervosa, we would expect that Alex might have what type of personality disorder

A) Schizotypal, paranoid, and schizoid personality disorders (Cluster A)

B) Anxious-avoidant cluster (Cluster C)

C) Dramatic, emotional, or erratic and borderline (Cluster B)

D) Avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality

A

C) dramatic, emotional, or erratic and borderline (Cluster B)

67
Q

Ronald has binge eating disorder, we would expect Ronald to have what types of personality disorders

A) Schizotypal, paranoid, and schizoid personality disorders (Cluster A)

B) Anxious-avoidant cluster (Cluster C)

C) Dramatic, emotional, or erratic and borderline (Cluster B)

D) Avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality

A

D) avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality

68
Q

. Jacqueline has been depressed, ongoing, for the past three years. Based on this information, the best diagnosis for Jacqueline would be

a. dysthymic disorder.
b. cyclothymic disorder.
c. bipolar disorder.
d. major depressive episode.

A

a. dysthymic disorder.

69
Q

Vanessa reported feeling a lack of energy, difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating, and a loss of interest in activities she previously enjoyed. Based on this information, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for Vanessa?

a. eating disorder
b. major depression
c. bipolar disorder
d. generalized anxiety disorder

A

b. major depression

70
Q

Jacob is 77 years old and has begun to complain of difficulty in concentration and memory problems. He lives alone and does not have any major medical problems. On the basis of this information, Jacob likely has

a. alcoholism.
b. panic disorder.
c. depression.
d. All of the above are equally likely.

A

c. depression.

71
Q

Shannon, a junior in high school, was recently suspended from school for stealing money from ninth-graders, writing graffiti on the bathroom walls, and beating up another student. Shannon’s teacher reports that she has very few friends. The most likely diagnosis for Shannon would be

a) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
b) antisocial personality disorder.
c) oppositional defiant disorder.
d) conduct disorder.

A

d) conduct disorder.

72
Q

Sam is a 16-year-old adolescent who feels that he is unable to be an adult, despite the fact that he’s nearly 6 feet, 3 inches tall and has grown a beard. Although he led a “normal” childhood, when he was about 11 he began to get into frequent fights at school and has had trouble with the law 10 times. According to Moffitt, Sam would be categorized as having

a) life-course persistent conduct problems.
b) adolescence-limited conduct problems.
c) antisocial development disorder.
d) explosive personality disorder.

A

b) adolescence-limited conduct problems.

73
Q

Margaret has been suffering with dysthymia for several years and has sought treatment on several occasions. About one month ago she developed more severe symptoms of depression, which have been maintained almost daily. The condition she is experiencing is best described as

a. double depression.
b. chronic melancholia.
c. adjustment disorder with bipolar features.
d. recurring melancholic depression.

A

a. double depression.

74
Q

alcohol withdrawal delirium typically lasts between

A) 1 month

B) 3 and 6 days

C) 2 weeks

D) 12 hours

A

B) 3 and 6 days

75
Q

The increase of dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens is believed to be especially important in cocaine addiction because specific parts of this brain region have been suggested to be

A) Regions responsible for motor coordination

B) “Hedonic hot spots” associated with the experience of reward and pleasure

C) Inactive in addiction processes

D) Primarily involved in executive functions

A

B) “Hedonic hot spots” associated with the experience of reward and pleasure