PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS Flashcards
what conviction underlying all psychotherapy or psychological treatment
A) That psychological problems are solely determined by genetics
B) That psychological problems are incurable
C) That people with psychological problems can change—can learn more adaptive ways of perceiving, evaluating, and behaving
D) That psychological problems are solely determined by environmental factors
C) that people with psychological problems can change—can learn more adaptive ways of perceiving, evaluating, and behaving
what kind of people are more likely to receive treatment?
A) Those with minor concerns that don’t impact daily functioning
B) Those with serious conditions in which there is considerable impairment in daily functioning
C) Individuals with no psychological concerns
D) People with moderate psychological issues
B) Those with serious conditions in which there is considerable impairment in daily functioning
why would men be less likely to seek help, consider a therapist of ask questions when they do seek professional help?
A) Men are more likely to self-diagnose and treat their emotional issues independently
B) They are less able than women to recognize and label feelings of distress and to identify these feelings as emotional problems
C) Men typically prefer to cope with emotional problems through social support networks
D) Men are inherently less inclined to seek help or discuss their emotions
B) They are less able than women to recognize and label feelings of distress and to identify these feelings as emotional problems
what strategy might be useful to use to treat men soldiers with PTSD?
A) Exposure therapy
B) Virtual reality therapy
C) Aversion therapy
D) Systematic reinforcement
B) virtual reality therapy
which of the following is a group of people who would be less likely to enter therapy?
A) a man who prides himself on being emotionally stoic
B) parents who demands that their child’s problematic behavior be fixed.
C) those who sense that they have not lived up to their own expectations and realized their own potential
D) one who has been court-ordered to do so by a judge because of substance abuse
A) a man who prides himself on being emotionally stoic
how would a typical client who enters therapy be described?
A) one who was mandated by court
B) there is no typical client
C) one who suffers severe disorder impacing their daily life
D) women
B) there is no typical client
what do most authorities agree on as variables important to the outcome of therapy?
A) The duration of therapy sessions and the therapist’s experience
B) Motivation to change and severity of symptoms
C) The cost of therapy and the therapist’s theoretical orientation
D) The client’s social status and the therapist’s personal characteristics
B) Motivation to change and severity of symptoms
what groups deal extensively with emotional problems
A) clergy
B) trained trusted adviser
C) general-practice physicians
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
which of the following is a professional who often administers psychological treatment?
A) general-practice physicians
B) psychiatric social workers
C) clergy
D) none of the above
B) psychiatric social workers
This approach ideally involves the coordinated efforts of medical, psychological, social work, and other mental health personnel working together as the needs of each case warrant
A) Holistic therapy
B) Integrated therapy
C) Collaborative care
D) Team approach
D) Team approach
Although definitions of the therapeutic alliance vary, what are NOT one of its key elements
A) Agreement between patient and therapist about the goals and tasks of therapy
B) A sense of working collaboratively on the problem
C) A focus on immediate symptom relief without considering long-term goals
D) Development of a positive bond or relationship between patient and therapist
C) A focus on immediate symptom relief without considering long-term goals
what is often sufficient in itself to bring about substantial improvement
A) Medication
B) Expectation
C) Insight
D) Social support
B) Expectation
a client’s reports of change in their symptoms or functioning, a clinician’s ratings of changes that have occurred, and reports from the client’s family or friends is used for what?
A) Assessing therapy costs
B) Estimating clients’ gains in therapy
C) Evaluating therapist performance
D) Determining the duration of therapy
B) Estimating clients’ gains in therapy
comparison of pretreatment and posttreatment scores on instruments designed to measure relevant facets of psychological functioning, and measures of change in selected overt behaviors are used for what?
A) Assessing therapy costs
B) Estimating clients’ gains in therapy
C) Evaluating therapist performance
D) Determining the duration of therapy
B) Estimating clients’ gains in therapy
what is widely used to measure the degree of severity of a client’s depression and is a standard in the pretherapy and post-therapy assessment of depression.
A) Beck Depression Inventory
B) Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale
C) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
D) Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale
A) Beck Depression Inventory
what is a key issue in the measurement of client ratings?
A) scores tend to drift toward the average of their own distributions
B) they are not necessarily a reliable
source of information on therapeutic outcomes.
C) they may be biased in favor of seeing themselves as competent and successful
D) they are likely to focus on the theoretical predictions of the therapist or researcher
B) they are not necessarily a reliable
source of information on therapeutic outcomes.
what is a rating scale used by clinicians to measure the severity of a patient’s depression similar to the Beck Depression Inventory, but completed by the clinician rather than the client
A) Clinician Administered PTSD Scale
B) Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
C) Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale
D) Major Depression Inventory
B) Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
what is a key issue in the measurement of clinician ratings?
A)
B) they are not necessarily a reliable
source of information on therapeutic outcomes.
C) they may be biased in favor of seeing themselves as competent and successful
D)
C) they may be biased in favor of seeing themselves as competent and successful
what do trained independent evaluators do
A) Provide therapy to patients
B) Conduct clinical interviews and rate the amount of clinical change that has occurred in a patient
C) Administer psychological tests
D) Prescribe medication for patients
B) Conduct clinical interviews and rate the amount of clinical change that has occurred in a patient
when would independent evaluators be used frequently in rigorous studies of treatment effectiveness
A) In routine clinical practice
B) when they know what sort of treatment a person received
C) when they do not know what kind of treatment a person received
D) In non-clinical settings
C) when they do not know what kind of treatment a person received
what is NOT a key issue in using objective measures of client change using various psychological tests?
A) they are likely to focus on the theoretical predictions of the therapist or researcher
B) they are not necessarily valid predictors of the changes
C) scores drifting toward the average of their own distributions
D) the client may be biased in favor of seeing themselves as competent and successful
D) the client may be biased in favor of seeing themselves as competent and successful
what is used in research settings to examine brain activity before and after treatment?
A) CT
B) fMRI
C) MRI
D) PET
B) fMRI
what is the most direct way to know if someone has improved in treatment
A) Covert behaviour
B) Overt behaviour
C) Emotional expression
D) Internal thought processes
B) Overt behaviour
which of the following examples would be a downside of using overt behaviour to infer improvement in treatment?
A) client faking change
B) telling the therapist how we feel
C) suicidal thoughts
D) having a sad expression
C) suicidal thoughts
when the therapist behaves in ways that exploit the trust of the patient or engages in behavior that is highly inappropriate
A) Therapeutic alliance
B) Treatment effectiveness
C) Ethical concerns
D) Boundary violations
D) Boundary violations
randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are used when
A) Conducting case studies
B) Demonstrating a drug has efficacy
C) Assessing treatment acceptability
D) Investigating the history of a specific therapeutic approach
B) Demonstrating a drug has efficacy
what is one way researchers have minimised the the variability in patients’ clinical outcomes that might result from characteristics of the therapist themselves
A) Focusing on therapist’s personal experiences
B) Using subjective measures of therapy outcomes
C) Incorporating therapist’s personal biases into treatment
D) Manualized therapies
D) Manualized therapies
randomized clinical trials (RCTs) typically focus on
A) Patients with multiple comorbidities
B) Non-clinical populations
C) Individuals with undiagnosed mental health conditions
D) Patients with a single DSM diagnosis
D) Patients with a single DSM diagnosis
Efficacy, or RCT, studies of psychosocial treatments involve two or more treatment or control (e.g., wait list) conditions, where at least one of the treatment conditions is
A)
B) Biological
C) Sociocultural
D) Psychosocial
D) Psychosocial
what are considered the most rigorous type of evaluation researchers have for establishing that a given therapy “works” for clients with a given diagnosis
A) Clinical case studies
B) Efficacy studies
C) Non-controlled qualitative research
D) Longitudinal observational studies
B) Efficacy studies
what is a good example of the biopsychosocial perspective that best describes current thinking about mental disorders
A) Strictly biological explanations
B) Integration of medication and psychotherapy
C) Exclusively psychosocial perspectives
D) Reductionist approaches to treatment
B) Integration of medication and psychotherapy
D-cycloserine activates a receptor that is critical in facilitating extinction of
A) personality disorders
B) Sexual dysfunction
C) Depression
D) Anxiety
D) Anxiety
patients with social anxiety disorder who receive__________ do much better if they are given an oral dose of D-cycloserine before each session
A) CBT
B) Exposure therapy
C) systematic reinforcement
D) in vivo therapy
B) Exposure therapy
what do Hollon and Fawcett (1995) note in relation to pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy
A) Pharmacotherapy appears to provide rapid, reliable relief from acute distress and and psychotherapy appears to provide broad and enduring change
B) Pharmacotherapy appears to pro-vide broad and enduring change and psychotherapy appears to provide rapid, reliable relief from acute distress
C) Both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are equally effective for all mental disorders.
D) The effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy is entirely dependent on the severity of the mental disorder.
A) Pharmacotherapy appears to provide rapid, reliable relief from acute distress and and psychotherapy appears to provide broad and enduring change
what therapy is a direct and active treatment that recognizes the importance of behavior, acknowledges the role of learning, and includes thorough assessment and evaluation
A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behaviour
D) Family
C) Behaviour
what do behavior therapists focus on
A) Unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences
B) Deep-seated personality traits
C) Presenting problem—the problem or symptom that is causing the patient great distress
D) Exploring the patient’s emotions and feelings
C) presenting problem—the problem or symptom that is causing the patient great distress
what is a a behavior therapy technique that is widely used in the treatment of anxiety disorders
A) Aversion
B) Exposure
C) Modeling
D) Systematic reinforcement
B) Exposure
during exposure therapy, if a patient or client is confronted with the fear-producing stimulus in a very controlled, slow, and gradual way this would be known as
A) Aversion therapy
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Flooding
D) Cognitive restructuring
B) Systematic desensitization
during exposure therapy, if a patient or client is confronted with the fear-producing stimulus in which the patient directly confronts the feared stimulus at full strength, this is accomplished using
A) Aversion therapy
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Flooding
D) Cognitive restructuring
C) Flooding
what technique would a therapist be using is a house-bound patient with agoraphobia being accompanied outdoors by the therapist
A) Exposure therapy - Systematic desensitization
B) Exposure therapy - Flooding
C) Exposure therapy - in vivo exposure
D) Exposure therapy - imaginal exposure
B) Exposure therapy - Flooding
what is the rational behind systematic desensitization
A) Exposure to the feared stimulus in a highly intense and overwhelming manner
B) Find a behavior that is incompatible with being anxious and repeatedly pair this with the stimulus that provokes anxiety in the patient
C) Identifying and challenging irrational thoughts associated with anxiety
D) Encouraging the patient to avoid the feared stimulus to reduce anxiety
B) Find a behavior that is incompatible with being anxious and repeatedly pair this with the stimulus that provokes anxiety in the patient
if someone with a fear of snakes is instructed to handle a snake, what sort of form is this exposure
A) Virtual reality exposure
B) In vivo exposure
C) Interoceptive exposure
D) Imaginal exposure
B) in vivo exposure
what strategy is aimed at teaching a person, while in the presence (real or imagined) of the anxiety-producing stimulus, to relax or behave in some other way that is inconsistent with anxiety
A) Exposure therapy - Systematic desensitization
B) Exposure therapy - Flooding
C) Exposure therapy - in vivo exposure
D) Exposure therapy - imaginal exposure
A) Exposure therapy - Systematic desensitization
what type of therapy did Mary Cover Jones (1924) use in which she successfully eliminated a small boy’s fears of a white rabbit and other furry animals. She began by bringing the rabbit just inside the door at the far end of the room while the boy, Peter, was eating. On successive days, the rabbit was gradually brought closer until Peter could pat it with one hand while eating with the other
A) Exposure therapy - Systematic desensitization
B) Exposure therapy - Flooding
C) Exposure therapy - in vivo exposure
D) Exposure therapy - imaginal exposure
A) Exposure therapy - Systematic desensitization
what therapy occurs when A client is first taught to enter a state of relaxation, typically by progressive concentration on relaxing vari-ous muscle groups. Meanwhile, patient and therapist collaborate in constructing an anxiety hierarchy that con-sists of imagined scenes graded as to their capacity to elicit anxiety
A) Exposure therapy - Systematic desensitization
B) Exposure therapy - Flooding
C) Exposure therapy - in vivo exposure
D) Exposure therapy - imaginal exposure
A) Exposure therapy - Systematic desensitization
for a patient with a dog pho-bia, a low-anxiety step might be imagining a small dog in the distance being walked on a leash by its owner, what would a high anxiety step be?
A) Watching a video of a calm dog lying down
B) Visiting a friend who has a well-behaved dog in a controlled environment
C) Imagining a medium-sized dog playing in a park
D) Imagining a large and exuberant dog running toward the patient
D) imagining a large and exuberant dog running toward the patient
these therapy sessions consist of the patient’s repeatedly imagining, under conditions of deep relaxation, the scenes in the hierarchy, begining with low anxiety images and gradually working toward those in the more extreme ranges
A) systematic desensitization
B) flooding
C) in vivo exposure
D) modeling
A) systematic desensitization
when does treatment using systematic desensitisation and imaginal exposure continue until
A) Until the client becomes completely comfortable with the feared stimulus
B) Until the therapist decides it is no longer necessary
C) Until the client experiences extreme distress and panic
D) Until all items in the hierarchy can be imagined without notable discomfort, at which point the client’s real-life difficulties typically have shown substantial improvement.
D) Until all items in the hierarchy can be imagined without notable discomfort, at which point the client’s real-life difficulties typically have shown substantial improvement.
what therapy involves modifying undesirable behavior by the old-fashioned method of punishment
A) Negative punishment
B) Positive reinforcement
C) Operant therapy
D) Aversion therapy
D) Aversion therapy
drugs that have noxious effects, such as Antabuse, which induces nausea and vomiting when a person who has taken it ingests alcohol would be used in what sort of therapy
A) Negative punishment
B) Positive reinforcement
C) Operant therapy
D) Aversion therapy
D) Aversion therapy
if a client is instructed to wear a substantial elastic band on the wrist and to “snap” it when temptation arises, thus administering self-punishment, what sort of therapy would be used?
A) Negative punishment
B) Positive reinforcement
C) Operant therapy
D) Aversion therapy
D) Aversion therapy
A younger client may be exposed to behaviors or roles in peers who act as assistants to the therapist and then be encouraged to imitate and practice the desired new responses
A) Aversion
B) Exposure
C) Modeling
D) Systematic reinforcement
C) Modeling
what therapy would be used for the learning of simple skills such as self-feeding for a child with profound intellectual disability
A) Aversion
B) Exposure
C) Modeling
D) Systematic reinforcement
C) Modeling
what type of therapy would be used to increase effectiveness in social situations for a shy, withdrawn adolescent
A) Aversion
B) Exposure
C) Modeling
D) Systematic reinforcement
C) Modeling
In work with children especially, effective decision making and problem solving may be modeled when the therapist
A) Provides direct instructions
B) Encourages the child to solve problems independently
C) Utilizes only written materials
D) Thinks out loud
D) Thinks out loud
what did Bandura find in relation to what was the most effective treatment for snake phobia
A) Exposing individuals to live snakes in a controlled environment eliminated the phobic reactions
B) Live modeling of fearlessness, combined with instruction and guided exposure resulted in the elimination of phobic reactions
C) Cognitive restructuring without any exposure to snakes is the most effective treatment
D) Administering medication to reduce anxiety during snake encounters reduces the distress when thinking about a snake
B) live modeling of fearlessness, combined with instruction and guided exposure resulted in the elimination of phobic reactions
Billy, a 6-year-old first grader, was brought to a psychological clinic by his parents because his teacher had told them that his behav-ior at school was inappropriate and no longer acceptable. Specifi-cally, he had a long pattern of disrupting the class, talking back to his teacher, and being aggressive toward other children. It became apparent in observing Billy and his parents during the initial interview that both his mother and his father were uncritical and approving of everything Billy did. After further assessment, a three-phase pro-gram of therapy was undertaken: (1) Billy’s parents were helped to discriminate between disruptive behavior and appropriate behavior on Billy’s part (each type of behavior was defined and described in a very detailed way for the parents so they would be consistent in classifying each type of behavior). (2) They were instructed to ignore Billy when he engaged in disruptive behavior while vocally showing their approval of appropriate behavior. (3) Billy’s teacher was also instructed to ignore Billy, insofar as it was feasible, when he engaged in disruptive behavior and to devote her attention at those times to children who were behaving more appropriately. Although Billy’s disruptive behavior in class increased during
the first few days of this behavior therapy program, it diminished markedly after his parents and teacher no longer reinforced it. As his maladaptive behavior diminished, he was better accepted by his classmates. what sort of therapy was used
A) Token economies
B) Response shaping
C) Systematic reinforcement
D) Systematic desensitisation
C) Systematic reinforcement
in this technique, positive reinforcement is used to establish, by gradual approximation, a response that is actively resisted or is not initially in an individual’s behavioral repertoire.
A) Token economies
B) Response shaping
C) Systematic reinforcement
D) Systematic desensitisation
B) Response shaping
what technique has been used extensively in working with children’s behavior problems
A) Token economies
B) Response shaping
C) Systematic reinforcement
D) Systematic desensitisation
B) Response shaping
a child who refuses to speak in front of others (selective mutism) may be first rewarded (with praise or a more tangi-ble treat) for making any sound. Later, only complete words, and later again only strings of words, would be rewarded. what tehcnique has been used?
A) Token economies
B) Response shaping
C) Systematic reinforcement
D) Systematic desensitisation
B) Response shaping
what technique is based on the principles of operant conditioning
A) Aversion therapy
B) Response shaping
C) Systematic reinforcement
D) Modeling
C) Systematic reinforcement
what techniques remain a relevant treatment approach for individuals with serious mental illness and those with developmental disabilities
A) Token economies
B) Response shaping
C) Systematic reinforcement
D) Systematic desensitisation
A) Token economies
why does behavioural therapy usually achieve results in a short period of time
A) It addresses unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences
B) It is generally directed to specific symptoms
C) It relies heavily on exploring deep-seated personality traits
D) It involves a lengthy and comprehensive analysis of past experiences
B) It is generally directed to specific symptoms
when is behavior therapy less likely to be used?
A) When the therapist prefers a long-term treatment approach
B) When the client prefers medication as the primary treatment
C) When the client’s problems are specific and well-defined
D) When the client’s problems are more pervasive and vaguely defined
D) When the client’s problems are more pervasive and vaguely defined
what techniques remain central to the treatment of anxiety disorders
A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) cognitive
D) behavioural
D) behavioural
In this treatment the patient and the therapist work together to help the patient find ways to become more active and engaged with life.
A) Transference focused psychotherapy
B) Behavioural activation
C) Rational emotive therapy
D) Systematic desensitization
B) Behavioural activation
two main themes are important for this therapy: (1) the conviction that cognitive processes influence emotion, motivation, and behavior; and (2) the use of action change and thought techniques in a pragmatic (hypothesis-testing) manner
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) rational emotive behavior therapy
C) Cognitive restructuring
D) CBT
D) CBT
The first form of behaviorally oriented cognitive therapy was developed by Albert Ellis and called
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) rational emotive behavior therapy
C) Cognitive restructuring
D) CBT
B) rational emotive behavior therapy
what therapy attempts to change a client’s maladaptive thought processes, on which maladaptive emotional responses and, thus, behavior are presumed to depend
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Rational emotive behavior therapy
C) Cognitive restructuring
D) behavioural therapy
B) rational emotive behavior therapy
The task of this technique is to restructure an individual’s belief system and self-evaluation, especially with respect to the irrational “shoulds,” “oughts,” and “musts” that are preventing the individual from having a more positive sense of self-worth and an emotionally satisfying, fulfilling life.
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Rational emotive behavior therapy
C) Cognitive restructuring
D) behavioural therapy
B) Rational emotive behavior therapy
the philosophy underlying rational emotive behavior therapy
has something in common with that underlying humanistic therapy because
A) both challenge irrational beliefs
B) both take a clear stand on personal worth and human values.
C) Both emphasize self-exploration.
D) both encourages individuality.
B) both take a clear stand on personal worth and human values.
“Why should your failure to get the promotion you wanted mean that you are worthless?” would be heard in what sort of therapy
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Rational emotive behavior therapy
C) Cognitive restructuring
D) Motivational interviewing
B) Rational emotive behavior therapy
Rational emotive behavior therapy aims to increase an individual’s feelings of self-worth and an emotionally satisfying, fulfilling life by
A) Identifying logical errors in thinking
B) Disputing a person’s false beliefs through confrontation
C) Removing the constraints and restrictions that grow out of unrealistic demands
D) resolving their ambivalence about change and make a commitment to treatment
B) Disputing a person’s false beliefs through confrontation
a fundamental assumption from the perspective of the cognitive model is
A) All psychological problems are rooted in early childhood experiences.
B) Problems result from biased processing of external events or internal stimuli.
C) Emotional difficulties are primarily caused by unconscious conflicts.
D) Behavior is determined solely by reinforcement history.
B) problems result from biased processing of external events or internal stimuli.
according to this perspective, biases distort the way that a person makes sense of the experiences that she or he has in the world, leading to cognitive error
A) Psychodynamic
B) Humanistic
C) Behavioral
D) Cognitive
D) Cognitive
According to Beck, what underlies biases
A) External environmental factors
B) A relatively stable set of cognitive structures or schemas
C) Unconscious desires and conflicts
D) Genetic predispositions
B) a relatively stable set of cognitive structures or schemas
in what therapy would a client be taught to identify their own automatic thoughts and to keep records of their thought content and their emotional reactions
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Humanistic
C) Rational emotive behavior therapy
D) CBT
D) CBT
if a therapist helped a client to identify the logical errors in their thinking and learn to challenge the validity of these automatic thoughts, they would be using which therapy
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Humanistic
C) Rational emotive behavior therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
what is the distinction between Beck’s cognitive therapy and Rational emotive behavior therapy
A) clients are asked to gather information about themselves in RBT
B) clients do not change their beliefs by debate and confrontation in RBT
C) clients do not change their beliefs by debate and confrontation in cognitive therapy
D)
C) clients do not change their beliefs by debate and confrontation in cognitive therapy
in what therapy are clients are encouraged to gather information about themselves
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Humanistic
C) Rational emotive behavior therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
a young man who believes that he will be rejected by any attractive woman he approaches would be led to a searching analysis of the reasons why he holds this belief. The client might then be assigned the task of “testing” this dysfunctional “hypothesis” by actually approaching seemingly appropriate women whom he admires, what therapy is this
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Humanistic
C) Rational emotive behavior therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
in what therapy is the client encouraged to discover the faulty assumptions or dysfunctional schemas that may be leading to problem behaviors and self-defeating tenden-cies
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Humanistic
C) Rational emotive behavior therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
what phase of treatment is considered essential in ensuring resistance to relapse when the client faces stressful life events in the future
A) Identifying and challenging automatic thoughts
B) Discovering faulty assumptions or dysfunctional schemas
C) Implementing behavioral interventions
D) Establishing rapport and building trust
B) Discovering faulty assumptions or dysfunctional schemas
in what therapy would a client be assigned the task of “testing” a dysfunctional “hypothesis”
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Humanistic
C) Rational emotive behavior therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
for someone with panic disorder, what approach would be used to identify the automatic thoughts about feared bodily sensations and on teaching the client to “decatastrophize” the experience of panic
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Humanistic
C) Rational emotive behavior therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
for someone with bulimia, what approach would be used to center on the person’s overvalued ideas about body weight and shape, which are often fueled by low self-esteem and fears of being unattractive
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Humanistic
C) Rational emotive behavior therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
what approach would be used in someone with bulimia in which faulty cognitions about which foods are “safe” and which are “dangerous” are explored
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Humanistic
C) Rational emotive behavior therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
With respect to controlled research studies with carefully diagnosed clinical populations, REBT shows what sort of effects in the treatment of a range of mental disor-ders such as anxiety and depression, as well as psychological and behavioral problems such as poor quality of life and school performance
A) No significant effects
B) Inconsistent and unreliable effects
C) weak to moderate
D) moderate to strong effects
D) moderate to strong effects
what approach may be most useful in helping people to cope better with everyday stress and perhaps in preventing them from developing full-blown anxiety or depressive disorders
A) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
B) Humanistic
C) Rational emotive behavior therapy
D) Cognitive therapy
C) Rational emotive behavior therapy
what is the treatment of choice for bulimia
A) Behavioural therapy
B) Cognitive therapy
C) Exposure therapy
D) CBT
D) CBT
which of the following has NOT been found in relation to the use of CBT to treat depression
A) female patients benefit more from treatment than do men
B) the effectiveness of CBT seems to be decreasing over time
C) more experienced clinicians have better treatment effects than less experienced ones
D) CBT is equally effective across various age groups
D) CBT is equally effective across various age groups
what therapies see psychopathology as stemming in many cases from problems of alienation, depersonalization, loneliness, and a failure to find meaning and genuine fulfillment
A) Humanistic
B) Cognitive
C) Behavioural
D) Family
A) Humanistic
what therapies emerged as significant treatment approaches after World War II.
A) Family
B) Behavioural
C) Humanistic-experiential therapies
D) Cognitive
C) Humanistic-experiential therapies
what l therapies are based on the assumption that people have both the freedom and the responsibility to control their own behavior—that they can reflect on their problems, make choices, and take positive action
A) Family
B) Behavioural
C) Humanistic-experiential therapies
D) Cognitive
C) Humanistic-experiential therapies
what do Humanistic-experiential therapists feel that a client must take
A) a passive role in therapy
B) responsibility for the direction and success of therapy
C) a secondary role in the therapeutic process
D) a dependent stance in therapy
B) responsibility for the direction and success of therapy
Although humanistic-experiential therapies differ in their details, their central focus is always expanding a client’s
A) Self
B) Awareness
C) Others
D) Consciousness
B) Awareness
what therapy focuses on the natural power of the organism to heal itself
A) Maslows Hierarchy of needs
B) Rogers client centred therapy
C) Gestalt therapy
D) Motivational interviewing (MI)
B) Rogers client centred therapy
According to Rogers, how does therapy function in relation to individuals’ self-imposed constraints and unrealistic demands?
A. Therapy reinforces individuals’ unrealistic demands to build self-worth.
B. Rogers believed therapy is about instilling new constraints to reshape self-perception.
C. The therapeutic process involves removing constraints arising from unrealistic demands individuals place on themselves.
D. Rogers emphasized that therapy should encourage individuals to suppress certain feelings for better mental health.
B) as a process of removing the constraints that grow out of unrealistic demands that people place on themselves
according to Rogers, what negative outcomes may arise when individuals deny and become unaware of their genuine feelings?
A. Increased integration and improved personal relationships.
B. Enhanced self-awareness and emotional well-being.
C. Lowered integration, impaired personal relationships, and various forms of maladjustment.
D. Denial of feelings leads to better mental health and adaptability.
C. Lowered integration, impaired personal relationships, and various forms of maladjustment.
What is the primary objective of Rogerian therapy
A. Encouraging clients to deny their genuine feelings for improved mental health.
B. Enhancing clients’ self-awareness of their “gut” reactions.
C. Resolving incongruence by helping clients accept and be themselves.
D. Imposing realistic demands on clients for better self-worth.
C. Resolving incongruence by helping clients accept and be themselves.
What kind of psychological climate do client-centered therapists aim to establish
A. A climate of judgment and criticism to challenge clients.
B. A climate of strict expectations and demands for personal growth.
C. A climate of unconditional acceptance, understanding, and valuing of clients as people.
D. A climate of indifference to encourage clients to self-reflect.
C. A climate of unconditional acceptance, understanding, and valuing of clients as people.
In the context of client-centered therapy, what are some nondirective techniques employed by therapists
A. Encouraging clients to follow specific directives for problem-solving.
B. Using empathic reflecting and restating clients’ descriptions of life difficulties.
C. Providing clear instructions on how clients should address their issues.
D. Offering solutions and advice to guide clients through their challenges
B. Using empathic reflecting and restating clients’ descriptions of life difficulties.
What positive outcomes are described when client-centered therapy is successful?
A. Clients become more guarded and less open to new experiences.
B. Clients develop a self-concept that is incongruent with their actual experience.
C. Clients become more self-accepting and open to new experiences and perspectives.
D. Clients are discouraged from exploring their real feelings and thoughts.
C. Clients become more self-accepting and open to new experiences and perspectives.
How does the approach of client-centered therapy differ from most other forms of therapy
A. Client-centered therapists provide direct answers and interpretations to clients.
B. In client-centered therapy, therapists actively probe for unconscious conflicts.
C. Client-centered therapists steer clients toward specific topics during sessions.
D. Client-centered therapists avoid giving answers, interpreting client statements, probing for unconscious conflicts, or steering clients toward certain topics.
D. Client-centered therapists avoid giving answers, interpreting client statements, probing for unconscious conflicts, or steering clients toward certain topics.
What is the primary role of client-centered therapists in terms of communication during sessions
A. To actively guide and direct the conversation based on therapist expertise.
B. To interrupt and provide interpretations to guide the client’s thoughts.
C. To listen attentively and acceptingly, interrupting only to restate in different words what the client is saying.
D. To probe deeply into unconscious conflicts to uncover hidden meanings.
C) To listen attentively and acceptingly, interrupting only to restate in different words what the client is saying.
What is the purpose of the therapist’s restatements in client-centered therapy,
A. To provide judgments and interpretations of the client’s feelings and ideas.
B. To guide the client toward specific topics of discussion.
C. To interrupt the client and redirect the conversation.
D. To help the client clarify further their feelings and ideas, encouraging exploration and acknowledgment.
D. To help the client clarify further their feelings and ideas, encouraging exploration and acknowledgment.
what techniques are being used in the following excerpt
JENNY: I was thinking about how I always try to make people around me feel at ease. It’s so important for me to make things go along smoothly.
THERAPIST: In other words, you are always trying to make other people feel better and to do all you can to keep things on an even keel and going well.
JENNY: Yes. That’s right. I mean, it’s not because I am such a kind person and all I want to see is other people being happy. I think the reason I do it is probably because that has always been the role that has felt the easiest for me to play. It’s the role I played at home. I didn’t stand up for my own convic-tions. And now I’m at the point where I don’t really know whether I have any convictions to stand up for.
A) Role-playing and behavioral interventions
B) Reflection and clarification
C) Cognitive restructuring and reframing
D) Active listening and interpretation
B) Reflection and clarification
what is a brief form of therapy that can be delivered in one or two sessions. It was developed as a way to help people resolve their ambivalence about change and make a commitment to treatment
A) Interpersonal therapy
B) Gestalt therapy
C) Rational emotive behaviour therapy
D) Motivational interviewing
D) Motivational interviewing
