REVIEW Flashcards
A variable (X) that is associated with an outcome of interest (Y) is considered to be a ____ of that outcome
A) risk factor
B) marker
C) causal risk
D) correlate
D) correlate
if experience of physical abuse during childhood (X) is associated with greater risk of depression later in life (Y), abuse is said to be _______ with depression
A) correlated
B) a risk factor
C) a marker
D) a causal risk factor
A) correlated
If, and only if, X is shown to occur before Y can we infer that X is a ________ for Y
A) correlated
B) a risk factor
C) variable risk factor
D) fixed marker
B) a risk factor
if X can be changed then it is considered to be a ________ for outcome Y
A) variable marker
B) causal risk factor
C) fixed marker
D) variable risk factor
D) variable risk factor
if X cannot be changed, then it is considered a ________ of outcome Y
A) causal risk factor
B) fixed marker
C) variable marker
D) variable risk factor
B) fixed marker
if changing X does not lead to a change in Y, then X would be considered a
A) causal risk factor
B) fixed marker
C) variable marker
D) variable risk factor
C) variable marker
if changing X does leads to a change in Y then and only then would we consider X to be a _______ for condition Y
A) causal risk factor
B) fixed marker
C) variable marker
D) variable risk factor
A) causal risk factor
a ________ (X) is a characteristic that must exist for a disorder (Y) to occur
A) necessary cause
B) sufficient cause
C) risk factor
D) marker
A) necessary cause
To date, most mental disor-ders have not been found to have __________, although there continues to be a search for such cause
A) necessary causes
B) sufficient causes
C) risk factors
D) contributory causes
A) necessary cause
A ________ of a disorder is a condition that guarantees the occurrence of a disorder
A) necessary cause
B) sufficient cause
C) risk factor
D) marker
B) sufficient causes
what we study most often in psychopathology research are _______
A) necessary cause
B) sufficient cause
C) risk factor
D) contributory causes
D) contributory causes.
A ______ is one that increases the probability of a disorder develop-ing but is neither necessary nor sufficient for the disorder to occur
A) necessary cause
B) sufficient cause
C) risk factor
D) contributory causes
D) contributory causes
if X occurs, then the probability of Y occurring increases
A) necessary cause
B) sufficient cause
C) risk factor
D) contributory causes
D) contributory causes
Some causal factors occurring relatively early in life may not show their effects for many years; these would be considered ________ that may contribute to a predisposition to develop a disorder.
A) necessary cause
B) sufficient cause
C) distal risk factors
D) contributory causes
C) distal risk factors
loss of a parent early in life, or hav-ing abusive or neglectful parents as a child or adolescent, may serve as a _______ predisposing a person to depression or antisocial behaviors later in life
A) proximal contributory cause
B) distal contributory cause
C) necessary cause
D) sufficient cause
B) distal contributory cause
