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TEST BANK Flashcards

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1
Q

which of the following accounts for most morbity and mortality than all eating disorders combined

A) anorexia

B) bulimia

C) binge eating disorder

D) obesity

A

D) obesity

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2
Q

the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms

indicates that substance abuse has developed

is necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse

is seen when any of the psychoactive substance is terminated

signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug

A

signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug

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3
Q

all drugs that people become dependent upon

are socially acceptable

act on pleasure pathways in the brain

provide the user with renewed energy

produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased

A

act on pleasure pathways in the brain

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4
Q

what is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway

it is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoris

it is the area that is destroyed bu alcohol and leads to amnesia disorder

it metabolises all psychoactive drugs

it explains why genetically vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns

A

it is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoris

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5
Q

the first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is

group psychotherapy

treating physical withdrawal symptoms

the use of antabuse

the administration of antidepressants

A

treating physical withdrawal symptoms

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6
Q

Sean describes himself as having hardly ever being happy. He occasionally feels okay, but it never lasts more than a day or so. He has trouble sleeping, doesn’t eat much, and feels like nothing will ever change in his life. He says this has been going on for as long as he can remember. The best diagnosis for Sean is _________

persistant depressive disorder

major depressive disorder

bipolar 1

panic disorder

A

persistant depressive disorder

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7
Q

which of the following is true of ocd

although most people have both obsessions and compulsion rituatls, rarely are the two related

nearly six times more women than men suffer from ocd

once thought to be fairly common, it is quite rare

tends to begin in adolescence or early adulthood, but is not uncommon in children

A

tends to begin in adolescence or early adulthood, but is not uncommon in children

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8
Q

Brittany came to a therapist complaining that she just doesn’t enjoy life lately. She says that for the past couple of months, she finds she just doesn’t feel like doing the things that she used to love to do. She has also lost a lot of weight and sleeps much more than usual but still feels tired all the time. She says she just can’t concentrate on anything. However, she denies feeling sad. Brittany’s most likely diagnosis is
a. dysthymic disorder.
b. bipolar II disorder.
c. major depressive disorder.
d. no disorder.

A

c. major depressive disorder.

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9
Q

Many people who are depressed
a. show very little REM sleep, instead they spend large amounts of time in the deeper stages (3 and 4) of sleep.
b. do not enter REM sleep until much later in the night than normal and have smaller amounts of REM sleep throughout the night than normal.
c. enter REM sleep earlier than normal and have larger amounts of REM sleep early in the night.
d. enter REM sleep at a normal time, but have very slow and mild rapid eye movements and have less overall time in REM sleep than normal.

A

c. enter REM sleep earlier than normal and have larger amounts of REM sleep early in the nigh

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10
Q

The fact that bright light may be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder suggests that
a. this is a not a real form of depression as any response to light is merely a placebo effect.
b. this form of depression is produced by a malfunctioning biological clock that needs resetting.
c. changes in circadian rhythms underlie most forms of depression.
d. seasonal affective disorder is a unique entity that should not be categorized with other forms of unipolar depression.

A

b. this form of depression is produced by a malfunctioning biological clock that needs resettin

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11
Q

Independent life events are those that
a. only affect one area of a client’s functioning.
b. are out of the client’s control.
c. are linked causally to the behavior or personality of the client.
d. affect the client and not those around him or her.

A

b. are out of the client’s control.

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12
Q

john’s erratic behavior finally ruined his marriage. What kind of life event would this be described as?
a. acute
b. chronic
c. dependent
d. independent

A

c. dependent

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13
Q

Parental loss only results in a vulnerability to depression when

a. the loss is due to death.
b. poor parental care is a consequence of the loss.
c. the loss is not explained adequately to the child.
d. both parents are lost at an early age.

A

b. poor parental care is a consequence of the loss

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14
Q

Joanne tends to blow up at people and then feel guilty. She worries a lot. She complains that she just doesn’t really find anything exciting and life is boring.
Joanne

a. shows evidence of neuroticism and low positive affectivity, and has a high risk of developing depression.
b. shows evidence of neuroticism and has a moderate risk of developing depression.
c. shows evidence of introversion, and has a mild risk of developing depression.
d. shows no evidence of any kind that would increase her risk for developing depression.

A

a. shows evidence of neuroticism and low positive affectivity, and has a high risk of developing depression.

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15
Q

According to Freud, depression
a. and grief are the same thing.
b. must be treated with introjection.
c. is a consequence of loss.
d. reflects fixation in the anal stage.

A

c. is a consequence of loss.

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16
Q

Freud suggested that depression
a. was actually a healthy adaptation to stress.
b. was a result of overly high self-esteem.
c. involved the anal stage of development.
d. was anger turned inward.

A

d. was anger turned inward.

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17
Q

Depressogenic schemas
a. are inherited.
b. predispose a person to develop depression.
c. serve a protective function and are readily modified by positive life experiences.
d. ensure that a low rate of reinforcement will be experienced.

A

b. predispose a person to develop depression.

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18
Q

Debbie receives her paper back from her instructor. It is marked with an A grade and has several positive comments. The instructor also suggested Debbie reword one small section. Debbie becomes extremely upset and tells her friends her instructor hated the paper and wants her to redo it. This is an example of
a. selective abstraction.
b. dichotomous thinking.
c. arbitrary inference.
d. learned helplessness.

A

a. selective abstraction.

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19
Q

sam has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder, he tells you that he is certain that the world will end next tuesday because everyone is so wicked, he refuses to consider that he might be wrong. sam has

mood congruent delusions

mood incongruent delusions

atypical features

melancholic features

A

mood congruent delusions

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20
Q

transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders

paranoid and schizotypal

paranoid and schizoid

schizoid and antisocial

schizotypal and schizoid

A

paranoid and schizotypal

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21
Q

one proposed revision for the DSM-5 pertaining to the diagnosis of personality disorders did not occur

a categorical approach will be used to achieve diagnosis

a dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis

all existing personality disorders will be split into two sub categories

all existing personality disorders will be removed and only mood disorders will remain

A

a dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis

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22
Q

The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is

They are directly inherited disorders

They have no biological component, they are learned

Personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder

People inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all of the personality disorders and predisposes people to developing a personality disorder

A

c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder

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23
Q

Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder

a. becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful incident with another person
b. has persistent loss of reality contact.
c. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her friends
d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms

A

d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms

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24
Q

sam shows little emotion and is a loner. he has no social relationships other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. what personality disorder might sam have?

a. paranoid
b. schizoid
c. borderline
d. narcisisstic

A

b. schizoid

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25
Q

Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don’t match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don’t like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is:

a. borderline personality disorder
b. paranoid
c. schizotypal
d. schizoid

A

c. schizotypal

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26
Q

while the individual with ____ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, the individual with ____ personality disorder is best described as odd.

a. avoidant; schizotypal
b. schizoid; schizotypal
c. schizoid; avoidant
d. schizotypal; avoidant

A

b. schizoid; schizotypal

27
Q

Thought-action fusion is ________

a psychotic symptom that helps distinguish between anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders.

support for the preparedness theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it.

the reason why trying to suppress unwanted thoughts often causes an increase in those thoughts.

A

the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it.

28
Q

Some things seem to be consistent across all the different forms that obsessive-compulsive disorder takes. These include ________

a tendency to have an aggressive, impulsive personality.

an overwhelming fear that something terrible will happen to the person or to others for which they are responsible.

a strong resistance to depressive and other mood disorders.

an inability to see that the compulsive actions they engage in are unnecessary and ridiculous.

A

an overwhelming fear that something terrible will happen to the person or to others for which they are responsible

29
Q

The fact that dirt and contamination were threats to our ancestors suggests that ________

preparedness theory may help explain obsessive-compulsive disorder.

fear of these things is rational.

obsessive-compulsive disorder probably exists in many species, not just humans.

obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the oldest disorders in existence.

A

that preparedness theory may help explain obsessive-compulsive disorder

30
Q

As discussed in your text, much evidence now suggests a number of biological causal factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder including ________

a minimal or absent genetic contribution.

abnormalities in the functioning of the basal ganglia.

abnormalities in dopamine systems.

decreased activity in the orbital frontal cortex.

A

abnormalities in the functioning of the basal ganglia.

31
Q

Iris was in an automobile accident. She goes to a psychologist a week after the accident. If she is experiencing nightmares, flashbacks, and headaches, and is ruminating about the accident, she will likely receive which diagnosis?

a) acute stress disorder

b) generalized anxiety disorder

c) posttraumatic stress disorder

d) anxiety disorder not otherwise specified

A

a) acute stress disorder

32
Q

The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it:

the person with borderline personality gets angry and the person with dependent PD becomes submissive

the person with borderline PD tries to resolve the issues rationally, the person with Dependent PD is afraid to seek out a new relationship

the person with borderline PD gets depressed and the person with dependent PD gets angry

the person with borderline PD goes to other people for a replacement and the person with dependent PD stays alone and sad

A

the person with borderline personality gets angry and the person with dependent PD becomes submissive

33
Q

A recent area of research in eating disorder has been?

a.) associated fears such as phobias or other anxiety disorders
b.) concerns with self-focused attention
c.) actual eating habits
d.) child abuse and the link to eating disorders

A

d.) child abuse and the link to eating disorders

34
Q

According to rational-emotive behavior therapy, which of the following is one of the irrational beliefs at the core of psychological maladjustment?
a. Moderation in all activities leads to greater long-term satisfaction.
b. One should be thoroughly competent and intelligent in all respects.
c. It is undesirable when things are not the way we would like them to be.
d. One should do everything possible, within one’s means, to live a fulfilling life

A

b. One should be thoroughly competent and intelligent in all respects

35
Q

the extremely helpful intensive experimental program designed by Ivar Lovass for children with autism

has not proven successful

has shown promise, but not as much as medication

helped almost half of the children in the treatment program achieve normal intellectual functioning

helped most of the parents of autistic children learn to cope better with their children

A

helped almost half of the children in the treatment program achieve normal intellectual functioning

36
Q

The physical consequence associated with binge eating disorder includes all of the following EXCEPT:

a.) kidney failure
b.) joint/ muscle problems
c.) breathing problems
d.) cardiovascular problems

A

a.) kidney failure

37
Q

What is the most likely prognosis for a woman with anorexia nervosa?

a.) she will recover within a year with no relapses
b.) she will never recover
c.) she will eventually recover, but will likely relapse and continue to struggle with the disorder for years
d.) she will regain normal weight as she enters puberty

A

c.) she will eventually recover, but will likely relapse and continue to struggle with the disorder for years

38
Q

Carleen comes to therapy because she is feeling sad. Carleen says her she has often had periods of extreme sadness in the past and they typically last between 6 and 8 months. During those times she overeats, has trouble sleeping, feels exhausted all the time, and thinks a lot about dying. At other times, however, Carleen says she feels wonderful. During those times, which last about a week, she gets a lot done, feels as if she could do anything, talks a lot and quickly, doesn’t sleep, but doesn’t feel tired. Carleen says her “up” times are great and have never caused her any trouble. Carleen’s most likely diagnosis is

a. major depressive disorder.

b. dysthymia.
c. bipolar I.
d. bipolar II.

A

d. bipolar II.

39
Q

Why is it not wise to treat an individual who has a bipolar disorder with a tricyclic antidepressant?
a. The unpleasant side effects cause many to stop taking them.
b. Individuals with bipolar disorder may or may not exhibit symptoms of depression.
c. The drugs used to treat unipolar disorders do not alter the activity of the neurotransmitters that are affected in bipolar disorder.
d. The combination of antidepressants and lithium is likely to be lethal.

A

a. The unpleasant side effects cause many to stop taking them.

40
Q

The National Comorbidity Survey-Replication indicated ________percent of people with mood disorders receive no treatment or inadequate care.
a. 40
b. 50
c. 60
d. 70

A

c. 60

41
Q

Which of the following is true?
a. Neither unipolar nor bipolar disorder have a strong genetic contribution.
b. Unipolar and bipolar disorders have an equally strong genetic contribution.
c. Unipolar disorder is more strongly inherited than bipolar disorder.
d. Bipolar disorder is more strongly inherited than unipolar disorder

A

d. Bipolar disorder is more strongly inherited than unipolar disorder

42
Q

Which of the following statements is supported by research on the role of genetic influences in unipolar disorder?

a. The more severe the depressive disorder, the greater the genetic contribution.
b. Twin studies do not consistently find evidence of an inherited susceptibility to depression.
c. Genes play a more significant causal role in bipolar disorders than they do in unipolar disorders.

A

a. The more severe the depressive disorder, the greater the genetic contribution.

43
Q

Drugs that alter the availability of norepinephrine and serotonin are not clinically effective in the treatment of depression for several weeks. Which of the following does this finding suggest?
a. These neurotransmitters are not involved in depression.
b. It is overactivity of these neurotransmitters that underlies depression, not underactivity.
c. That the effectiveness of antidepressants is a placebo effect, as opposed to a result of a biochemical manipulation.
d. Changes in neurotransmitter function, as opposed to neurotransmitter level, cause depression.

A

d. Changes in neurotransmitter function, as opposed to neurotransmitter level, cause depression.

44
Q

Individuals who do not show a decrease in cortisol levels in response to an injection of dexamethasone
a. have a severe form of depression.
b. are likely to be suffering from both major depression and a personality disorder.
c. will not respond well to pharmacological treatment.
d. have an HPA axis that is not functioning normally.

A

d. have an HPA axis that is not functioning normally.

45
Q

Joanne tends to blow up at people and then feel guilty. She worries a lot. She complains that she just doesn’t really find anything exciting and life is boring. Joanne:

a. shows evidence of neuroticism and low positive affectivity, and has a high risk of developing depression.
b. shows evidence of neuroticism and has a moderate risk of developing depression.
c. shows evidence of introversion, and has a mild risk of developing depression.
d. shows no evidence of any kind that would increase her risk for developing depression.

A

a. shows evidence of neuroticism and low positive affectivity, and has a high risk of developing depression.

46
Q

Beck’s negative cognitive triad involves feeling negatively about
a. helplessness, hopelessness, and sorrow.
b. one’s self, one’s experiences, and one’s future.
c. one’s past, one’s present, and one’s future.
d. one’s family, one’s self, and one’s friends.

A

b. one’s self, one’s experiences, and one’s future.

47
Q

while ther is much support for some elements of Becks cognitive theory

treatments based on his view of depression are not effective

finding supporting its causal hypothesis are limited

it does not account for the known biological aspects of depression

it does not account for sex differences in depression

A

finding supporting its causal hypothesis are limited

48
Q

although bipolar 1 disorder is described as bipolar

a depressive episode is not necessary for a diagnosis

few patients show both manic and depressive symptoms

both depressive and manic symptoms typically occur simultanously

a year or two commonly passes between manic and depressive epsideos

A

a depressive episode is not necessary for a diagnosis

49
Q

the average duration of an untreated episode of depression is

6-9 months

1 year

2 years

unknown, as individuals not seeking treatment haven’t been studies

A

6-9 months

50
Q

Jacob and Matt both flunk their math test. Jacob says to his friends that there is no point in his continuing in the course because, although Jacob feels highly about himself, he suspects that the teacher just doesn’t like him. Matt says he is going to drop the course because he is just stupid in math. According to the reformulated learned helplessness theory,

a. Matt is more likely to become depressed than Jacob.

b. Matt is more likely to feel helpless than Jacob.

c. Jacob is more likely to become depressed than Matt.

A

a. Matt is more likely to become depressed than Jacob.

51
Q

Which of the following statements about rumination is true, according to the ruminative response styles theory?
a. Rumination is a protective factor against depression.
b. People who ruminate a great deal tend to have more lengthy periods of depressive symptoms.
c. Gender differences in depression are explained by ruminative styles.
d. Biological factors have been most clearly linked to the development of rumination in those who do not have a family history of mood disorders.

A

b. People who ruminate a great deal tend to have more lengthy periods of depressive symp

52
Q

When a nondepressed student lives with a depressed roommate, which of the following often results?
a. frequent verbal fights, which may even become physical
b. increased depression and hostility in the roommate who was not originally depressed
c. a decrease in depression in the depressed roommate

A

b. increased depression and hostility in the roommate who was not originally depressed

53
Q

A relationship between depression and marital dissatisfaction
a. has yet to be established.
b. only exists due to the submissive behavior of depressed wives.
c. is only seen when depression leads to substance abuse.
d. is well-established.

A

d. is well-established.

54
Q

Which statement best describes the relationship between mood disorders and domestic distress?
a. Critical comments trigger negative affect in the spouse.
b. Women who are depressed avoid their partners.
c. Whenever there is a problem, it is caused by a man who, in a manic episode, is unaware of the nature of his behavior or even who he is attacking.
d. Men become violent as a way of protecting themselves when their wives, who suffer from depressive episodes, become impulsively aggressive.

A

a. Critical comments trigger negative affect in the spouse.

55
Q

james begins having panic attacks immediately after his mother died suddenly,. as they became more frequency, he began fearing going into public situations where they mught occur. now he is unable to leave his apartment and has others go out and shop for thim

what is unusual about this case?

its unusual for panic attacks to begin after a stressful life event

its unusual for fear of panic attacks to lead to agoraphobia

its is unusual for a person with severe agoraphobia to be a man

there is nothing unusual about this case

A

its is unusual for a person with severe agoraphobia to be a man

56
Q

one of the main functions that worry seems to serve in generalised anxiety disorder is

it keeps people with the disorder feeling happier if they didnt worry

it prevents people with the disorder from developing depression

it keeps people distracted from what is really nothing them

it keeps people from feeling the emotional and physiological consequences of anxiety

A

it keeps people from feeling the emotional and physiological consequences of anxiety

57
Q

All three OCD-related disorders respond well to

a) serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

b) dopamine inhibitors.

c) GABA enhancers.

d) norepinephrine enhancers.

A

a) serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

57
Q

dagman is a musician and she loves that fact that she constantly hears new melodies in her head. in fact, she cannot remember a time when she did not hear music, why is this NOT an example of an obsession

obsessions must be accompanied by ritualistic actions

obsessions must come on suddenly in response to a stressful life event

obsessions must be intrusive thoughts that the person finds disturbing

obsessions must be voluntary thoughts that a person knows is irrational

A

obsessions must be intrusive thoughts that the person finds disturbing

58
Q

Postpartum blues” are
a. a serious disorder.
b. common, usually brief, and not a disorder.
c. a subtype of Major Depressive Disorder.
d. serious, brief, and a type of unipolar depression.

A

b. common, usually brief, and not a disorder.

59
Q

which of the following is a likely sign of disorganised schizophrenia

dillon believes he is god, but will respond to any direction he is given

peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movement

kyle is constantly asking for a doctor as he is convinced that his stomach is going to explode

trista fears for her life because the pictures on the walls have told her that it is not safe

A

peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movement

60
Q

there is some debate as to whether ______ is a variant of schizophrenia or a form of mood disorder

residual type

schizoaffective

schizophreniform

undifferentiated type

A

schizoaffective

61
Q

studies of adopted children who were at high risk for developing schizophrenia found that ________ appeared to increase the likelihood that these children would show high signs of thought disorders

vague, confusing and unclear communication

physical abuse

persmissive parenting

divorce

A

vague, confusing and unclear communication

62
Q

linkage analysis

is being used to help locate genes associated with schizophrenia

is being used to identify family risk factors

is being used to find the connections between stress and schizophrenia

is being used to show problems in connections between neurons

A

is being used to help locate genes associated with schizophrenia

Abnormal Psychology (48 decks)

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