~~~ MOOD DISORDERS TEST BANK Flashcards
What are the two key moods in mood disorders?
A) Elation and Anxiety
B) Depression and Mania
C) Apathy and Contentment
D) Grief and Euphoria
B) Depression and Mania
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of depression?
A) Social withdrawal and anhedonia, fatigue.
B) Relatively unvarying low mood.
C) Negative view of self, world, future, suicide, guilt, death.
D) Little insight, poor judgement.
D) Little insight, poor judgement.
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mania?
A) Variation in mood, euphoric, irritable, laughing, crying.
B) Little insight, poor judgement.
C) Excessive concern with life problems, overemphasise pathology, hopeless.
D) Self-confident, self-aggrandisement, accelerated flow of ideas, distracted.
C) Excessive concern with life problems, overemphasise pathology, hopeless.
In the context of mood disturbances, which of the following is not a primary mood episode that serves as a building block for the diagnosis of mood disorders?
A) Major Depressive Episode
B) hypomanic episode
C) Mixed Episode
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Episode
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Episode
what are mood disturbances characterised by?
A) Cognitive distortions
B) Mood episodes
C) Sleep disturbances
D) Social isolation
B) Mood episodes
what are the two words that characterise mood disorders?
A) Unipolar or Bipolar
B) Symptomatic or Asymptomatic
C) Acute or Chronic
D) Neurological or Psychological
A) Unipolar or Bipolar
What distinguishes unipolar disorders from bipolar disorders in terms of the types of episodes experienced?
A) Anxiety and Panic Episodes
B) Only Manic Episodes
C) Only Depressive Episodes
D) Both Manic and Depressive Episodes
D) Both Manic and Depressive Episodes
in terms of the episodes experienced, unipolar disorders are experienced as
A) only depressive episodes
B) only manic episodes
C) both manic and depressive episodes
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Episodes
A) only depressive episodes
in terms of the episodes experienced, bipolar disorders are experienced as
A) only depressive episodes
B) only manic episodes
C) both manic and depressive episodes
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Episodes
C) both manic and depressive episodes
in persistent depressive disorder, which of the following characteristic moods would one see?
A) patterns of alternating between less severe forms of mild depression and hypomania
B) patterns of mild depression consistently
C) a pattern of frequent, distinct episodes with rapid cycling between episodes of mania and depression
D) patterns of shifting between the less severe hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes.
B) mild depression consistently
in cyclothymic disorder, which of the following characteristic moods would one see?
A) patterns of alternating between less severe forms of mild depression and hypomania
B) patterns of mild depression consistently
C) a pattern of frequent, distinct episodes with rapid cycling between episodes of mania and depression
D) patterns of shifting between the less severe hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes.
A) patterns of alternating between less severe forms of mild depression and hypomania
which of the following disorders would you see a pattern of frequent, distinct episodes cycling between episodes of mania, hypomania and mild and major depression
A) Bipolar 1
B) bipolar 1 rapid
C) bipolar 2
D) cyclothymic disorder
B) bipolar 1 rapid
which of the following disorders would you see a pattern of severe highs (mania) and may not have depressive episodes.
A) Bipolar 1
B) bipolar 1 rapid
C) bipolar 2
D) cyclothymic disorder
A) Bipolar 1
which of the following disorders would you see a pattern of less severe highs (hypomania) but more commonly major depression
A) Bipolar 1
B) bipolar 1 rapid
C) bipolar 2
D) cyclothymic disorder
C) bipolar 2
In terms of gender prevalence, unipolar depression occurs:
A) Equally in men and women
B) More frequently in men than in women
C) Twice as many men compared to women
D) Twice as many women compared to men
D) Twice as many women compared to men
The essential features of a major depressive episode according to DSM-5 criteria are depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure for
A) At least 2 weeks, plus at least four other symptoms
B) At least 4 weeks, plus at least three other symptoms
C) At least 1 week, plus at least five other symptoms
D) At least 3 weeks, plus at least six other symptoms
A) At least 2 weeks, plus at least four other symptoms
which of the following is NOT one of the four symptoms for a depressed mood according to the DSM-5 criteria
A) Altered psychomotor activity.
B) Changes in weight, appetite
C) Decreased need for sleep
D) Decreased energy
C) Decreased need for sleep
how often must most symptoms of depressed mood for major depressive episode be present?
A) almost every day
B) every couple of weeks
C) once a month
D) none of the above
A) almost every day
In children or adolescents, depression can be expressed as
A) sadness
B) irritability
C) loss of interest
D) impairment of functioning
B) irritability
for major depressive disorder, symptoms must also cause clinically significant distress or
A) medical condition
B) impairment in functioning
C) substance use
D) sadness
B) impairment in functioning
Abnormal psychomotor activity can be present in MDD and when it is, it is usually indicative of
A) Early-onset depression
B) Late-onset depression
C) Greater severity
D) Bipolar depression
C) greater severity, and is most often present in the anxious type of depression.
If a person has a major depressive episode and has never had a manic, hypomanic, or mixed episode, then they may be diagnosed as
A) Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
B) bipolar 1
C) cyclothymic disorder
D) bipolar 2 rapid
A) Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
Essential features of _______ disorder are distinct periods of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy/activity for at least one week
A) Depressive
B) Manic
C) Anxiety
D) Personality
B) Manic
in mania, Sufferers can also shift between moods quickly, which is called
A) Euphoria
B) Stabilization
C) Dysphoria
D) Lability
D) Lability
In children mania is expressed as
A) Annoyance and irritability.
B) Happiness, silliness, and goofiness.
C) Emotional numbness.
D) Decreased energy and motivation.
B) happiness, silliness and goofiness
to be diagnosed as experiencing a manic episode, which of the following is NOT a symptom that sufferers must also experience?
A) Depressed mood
B) Flight of ideas
C) distractibility
D) pressured speech
A) Depressed mood
if mood is irritable in those with mania, how many symptoms must also be present?
A) four
B) two
C) one
D) three
A) four
in those with mania that do not have an irritable mood, many symptoms must also be present?
A) four
B) two
C) one
D) three
D) three
inflated self esteem and grandiosity as symptoms of mania in children is focused on
A) Academic achievements
B) Age-appropriate behavior
C) The level of danger they put themselves in
D) Social popularity
C) The level of danger they put themselves in
which of the following symptoms often appears before the onset of a manic episode?
A) Increased appetite
B) Decreased need for sleep
C) Hypersomnia
D) Reduced energy levels
B) Decreased need for sleep
what does pressured speech in mania refer to?
A) Speech that is hesitant and slow
B) Speech characterized by whispers and low volume
C) Normal conversational speech
D) Intrusive and continuous speech, where the patient does not care if others want to listen
D) Intrusive and continuous speech, where the patient does not care if others want to listen
if a person with mania is irritable, speech is usually
A) Hostile/angry and full of complaints and excessive whining.
B) Slow and deliberate.
C) Expressive of deep sadness.
D) Focused on detailed explanations without interruption.
Flight of ideas in mania is linked to ________ and involves _______
A) Inflated self-esteem; grandiosity
B) Depression; lethargy
C) Speech; racing thoughts
D) Anxiety; excessive worry
C) Speech; racing thoughts
because racing thoughts in mania cannot be observed, diagnosis of this symptom is based on
A) Physical restlessness
B) Increased energy levels
C) Rapidly changing ideas in speech
D) rapid changes in elevated mood
C) Rapidly changing ideas in speech
In the context of mania, what is the key distinction between pressured speech and flight of ideas?
A) Pressured speech involves disorganised speech jumping from topic to topic, while flight of ideas is characterized by excessive gesturing and flamboyant movements.
B) Pressured speech involves excessive gesturing, flamboyant movements and being loud and forceful, while flight of ideas is characterised by incoherent sentences and jumping from topic to topic
C) Pressured speech is observed when the person is irritable, while flight of ideas is associated with an elevated mood.
D) Pressured speech is characterized by intrusive and continuous speech, while flight of ideas involves hostile and angry complaints.
B) Pressured speech involves excessive gesturing, flamboyant movements and being loud and forceful, while flight of ideas is characterised by incoherent sentences and jumping from topic to topic
distractibility in mania results from
A) Decreased sensory perception
B) Lack of executive function
C) Enhanced attention and focus
D) Hyperactivity in the brain’s reward system
B) Lack of executive function
key indicators of increased goal-related activity/psychomotor agitation in children are
A) Enhanced creativity and artistic expression
B) Unrealistic project plans and sexually inappropriate behaviors
C) Decreased physical energy and lethargy
D) Improved concentration and attention span
B) unrealistic project plans and sexually inappropriate behaviours.
For increased risky/pleasurable activities symptoms in mania, they must be severe enough to cause marked impairment in functioning, must ________ or must be _______.
A) Necessitate hospitalization; psychotic
B) Result in legal consequences; compulsive
C) Lead to increased social popularity; attention-seeking
D) Involve dangerous behavior; planned and intentional
A) Necessitate hospitalization; psychotic
The primary feature of a hypomanic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood and increased energy/activity (DSM-5 change) lasting at
A) 1 day
B) 2 hours
C) one month
D) four days
D) four days
what are key distinctions between hypomania and mania
A) Cognitive symptoms and emotional expression
B) Physical symptoms and sleep disturbances
C) Severity and Time
D) Presence of hallucinations and delusions
C) Severity and Time
The primary feature of a _______ episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood and increased energy/activity (DSM-5 change) lasting at least four days
A) A depressive episode
B) Hypomanic
C) Cyclothymic
D) Manic
B) hypomanic
in hypomania, symptoms are the same as manic symptoms, but over less time; patients must have at least ______ manic symptoms
A) one
B) three
C) five
D) four
B) three
How is hypomania often experienced by patients?
A) Elation and euphoria
B) Depression with increased energy and irritability
C) Calmness and tranquility
D) Apathy and indifference
B) Depression with increased energy and irritability
In diagnosing hypomania, the change in functioning must be uncharacteristic and unequivocal. What distinguishes this change from the increased energy that occurs when a person recovers from a depressive episode?
A) The increased energy is always accompanied by euphoria.
B) The increased energy in hypomania is more gradual.
C) The increased energy in hypomania is observable to others and considered abnormal for the individual.
D) The increased energy in hypomania is less noticeable than in depressive recovery.
D) The increased energy in hypomania is less noticeable than in depressive recovery.
For hypomania, the symptoms must not be confused with:
A) Typical sleep disturbances
B) Seasonal affective disorder
C) The increased energy that occurs when a person recovers from a depressive episode
D) Anxiety and panic attacks
C) The increased energy that occurs when a person recovers from a depressive episode
In hypomania, the change in functioning should be observable to others and considered abnormal for the individual. What aspect of functioning is crucial in this context?
A) Increased cognitive abilities
B) Enhanced social skills
C) Uncharacteristic and unequivocal symptoms
D) Physical strength and stamina
C) Uncharacteristic and unequivocal symptoms
what symptoms must not be severe enough to cause marked impairment or necessitate hospitalisation, and there must be no psychotic features
A) mania
B) hypomania
C) MDD
D) Cyclothymic
B) hypomania
if this disorder is severe enough to cause marked impairment or necessitate hospitalisation, and have psychotic features, it would most likely be diagnosed as
A) mania
B) hypomania
C) MDD
D) Cyclothymic
A) mania
for severe major depressive episodes with psychotic features, delusions or hallucinations present are known as
A) Mood disturbances.
B) Affective distortions.
C) Mood congruent.
D) Mood incongruent.
C) Mood congruent.
what individuals would be more likely to have longer depressive episodes, more cognitive impairment and poorer long term prognosis
A) with melancholic features
B) with atypical features
C) with catatonic features
D) with psychotic features
D) with psychotic features
what diagnosis would be made if he person had at least two episodes of depression in the past 2 years occurring at the same time of the year, and full remission must also have occurred at the same time of the year
A) with seasonal pattern
B) with atypical features
C) with catatonic features
D) with psychotic features
A) with seasonal pattern
for a diagnosis of bipolar 1
A) unremitted symptoms for a period of at least two years
B) the occurrence of two or more episodes of major depression
C) symptoms of psychosis
D) the occurrence of at least one manic episode
D) the occurance of at least one manic episode
for a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder, repeated experience of hypomanic episodes must occur for
A) 1 year
B) 2 years
C) 2 weeks
D) 1 week
B) 2 years
If a person shows only manic symptoms, it is assumed that
A) the person has MDD
B) the person has cyclothymic disorder
C) a person has bipolar 2
D) the person has bipolar 1
D) the person has bipolar 1
people who have rapid cycling of bipolar 1 have
A) have at least 3 depressive episodes in a 6 month period
B) have 2 episodes of manic or depressive episodes a year year
C) have 1 episode manic episode a year
D) more than 4 episodes of manic or depressive episodes a year year
D) more than 4 episodes of manic or depressive episodes a year year
which of the following is not characteristic of a manic episode
A) distractibility
B) irritable mood
C) increased need for sleep
D) decreased need for sleep
C) increased need for sleep
If one were to experience irritable mood, increased energy, and decreased need for sleep for a 1-week period, they would be diagnosed with
A) Bipolar II.
B) Bipolar I.
C) Major depressive disorder.
D) Cyclothymic disorder.
B) Bipolar I.
If one were to experience irritable mood, increased energy, and decreased need for sleep for a 4 days, they would be diagnosed with
A) Bipolar II.
B) Bipolar I.
C) Major depressive disorder.
D) Cyclothymic disorder.
A) Bipolar II.
Abnormal psychomotor activity is often present in what type of MDD
A) moody
B) distracted
C) avoidant
D) anxious
D) anxious
According to the DSM-5, bereavement-related symptoms are no longer excluded from the diagnosis of
a) Major depressive disorder
b) Persistent depressive disorder
c) Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder
d) Bipolar I disorder
a) Major depressive disorder
Which of the following disorders is newly included in the DSM-5?
a) Bipolar I disorder
b) Bipolar II disorder
c) Bipolar III disorder
d) Persistent depressive disorder
d) Persistent depressive disorder
In the DSM-5, __________ is included in persistent depressive disorder.
a) Chronic bereavement-related depression
b) Chronic major depressive disorder
c) Bipolar I disorder
d) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
b) Chronic major depressive disorder
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is distinguished from major depression by the addition of symptoms such as
a) Breast tenderness or swelling.
b) Bloating.
c) Joint or muscle pain.
d) All of these are symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
d) All of these are symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
The most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the U.S. is
a) Mood dysregulation disorder
b) Cyclothymia
c) Major depressive disorder
d) Bipolar disorder
c) Major depressive disorder
Researchers have found that first-generation immigrants who came to the U.S. have __________ rates of major depressive disorder than those born in the U.S.
a) Lower
b) Higher
c) No difference
d) None of these answers is correct − it has not been determined yet.
a) Lower
__________ as many girls as boys are exposed to childhood sexual abuse.
a) Twice
b) Three times
c) Four times
d) Five times
a) Twice
Which of the following factors has NOT been proposed as an explanation for the gender difference in depression?
a) Girls are more likely to be exposed to sexual abuse than boys.
b) Women tend to be more creative than men.
c) Women are more likely to be exposed to chronic stressors in adulthood.
d) Social roles promote emotion-focused coping among women.
b) Women tend to be more creative than men.
Which of the following people is least likely to have major depression?
a) A 45-year-old wealthy woman
b) A 35-year-old unemployed man
c) A 20-year-old wealthy man
d) A 19-year-old wealthy woman who has had one episode of depression in the past
c) A 20-year-old wealthy man
Which of the following treatments for seasonal affective disorder is now considered a first-line recommendation in the APA Treatment Guidelines for Depression?
a) Hypnosis
b) Regular bright light exposure
c) Psychodynamic therapy
d) Traveling to a warmer climate during winter months
b) Regular bright light exposure
Which of the following statements is correct?
a) Cardiovascular health predicts depression.
b) Depression predicts cardiovascular health.
c) Cardiovascular health and depression are unrelated.
d) Cardiovascular health and depression predict each other
d) Cardiovascular health and depression predict each other
Which of the following statements is true?
a) All people who experience manic symptoms will experience symptoms of depression at some point during their lifetime.
b) An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I.
c) An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar II.
d) All of the above.
c) An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar II.
Flight of ideas refers to
a) delusional thinking.
b) suicidal thinking.
c) the thinking of a person with dementia.
d) rapid shifts in topics while speaking.
d) rapid shifts in topics while speaking.