~~~ PERSONALITY DISORDERS TEST BANK Flashcards
Personality disorders are defined as:
a) long-standing, pervasive, and inflexible patterns of behaviour and inner experience that deviate from the expectations of a person’s culture
b) any psychological disorder having an onset before age 12 and recurring at least three times during adult life
c) a chronic pattern of extreme instability in relationships, mood, and self-image
d) maladaptive behaviours that consistently violate the rights of others
a) long-standing, pervasive, and inflexible patterns of behaviour and inner experience that deviate from the expectations of a person’s culture
Cluster A (odd or eccentric behaviour) of personality disorders covers all of the following EXCEPT:
a) paranoid
b) antisocial
c) schizoid
d) schizotypal
b) antisocial
Cluster B (anxious or fearful behaviour) of personality disorders covers all of the following EXCEPT:
a) antisocial
b) borderline
c) histrionic
d) narcissistic
e) obsessive-compulsive
e) obsessive-compulsive
Cluster C (dramatic, emotional or erratic behaviour) of personality disorders covers all of the following EXCEPT:
a) avoidant
b) dependent
c) disorderly
d) obsessive-compulsive
c) disorderly
1 in _______ meet the criteria for a personality disorder:
a) 5
b) 10
c) 20
d) 50
b) 10
Which of the following is true for comorbid personality disorders:
a) more severe symptoms
b) poorer social functioning
c) worse treatment outcomes
d) all of the above
d) all of the above (doubles the risk of poor outcomes in depressive disorders and worse outcomes for anxiety disorders)
Recent research on personality disorders indicates that the reliability of diagnosis is:
a) acceptable for antisocial personality disorder, but inadequate for most others.
b) improved if structured interviews are used.
c) totally inadequate.
d) better than most diagnostic categories.
b) improved if structured interviews are used.
Which of the following is a major concerns with the DSM-5 approach to personality disorders is that:
a) disorders are not as stable as definition implies
b) disorders develop in adolescence so should sit with that category
c) disorders may fall into a number of categories
d) not all personality disorders are covered
a) disorders are not as stable as definition implies (high comorbidity rates also a concern)
________ of those with a personality disorder meet the criteria for another personality disorder.
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 35%
d) 50%
d) 50% (schizotypal, avoidant and paranoid all have difficulty forming relationships so often co-occur)
Lack of _________________ reliability and high rates of comorbidity make the DSM less than ideal for classifying personality disorders.
a) interrater
b) test-retest
c) internal consistency
d) construct
b) test-retest
The alternate DSM model for personality disorders reduces the number of disorders (to 6) and incorporates:
a) structured diagnostic interviews
b) personality trait dimensions
c) personality subtypes
d) personality subdimensions
b) personality trait dimensions
Which of the following is NOT one of the personality disorders excluded from the alternative DSM model?
a) schizoid
b) schizotypal
c) dependent
d) histrionic
e) paranoid
b) schizotypal (the others are excluded because they rarely occur. Paranoid because of the overlap)
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of focusing on personality traits:
a) can specify which trait are of most concern to client
b) ratings tend to be more stable over time
c) easier to diagnose a personality disorder for clinicians
d) dimensions are related to many aspects of psychological adjustment and physical outcomes
c) easier to diagnose a personality disorder for clinicians
Which is the most heritable personality disorder?
a) borderline
b) obsessive-compulsive
c) dependent
d) avoidant
b) obsessive-compulsive
Which of the following is NOT a symptom common for those diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder?
a) dramatic attention-seeking behaviour
b) dressing in dirty or dishevelled clothing
c) talking to themselves
d) engaging in magical thinking
a) dramatic attention-seeking behaviour (also eccentric thoughts or behaviour, interpersonal detachment, suspiciousness, illusions, concerned others might hurt them)
Which of the following is NOT a symptom common for those diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder?
a) suspicious of others
b) expecting to be mistreated
c) hostile
d) rarely experience strong emotions
d) rarely experience strong emotions (also secretive, on the lookout for signs of trickery, seen as difficult and critical, lives are filled with conflict)
Which of the following is NOT a symptom common with schizoid personality disorder?
a) desiring social relationships
b) appear to be dull
c) have few pleasurable activities
d) not interested in sex
a) desiring social relationships (do not desire or enjoy social relationships, no close friends, aloof, no warm or tender feelings towards others, indifferent to praise or criticism, rarely experience strong emotion)
Antisocial personality disorder is marked by all of the following EXCEPT:
a) disregard for others rights
b) impulsiveness
c) aggressiveness
d) no sense of shame
d) no sense of shame (also breaking laws, working inconsistently, little regard for truth, little remorse)
Relatives of people with schizophrenia are at increased risk of:
a) schizotypal
b) schizoid
c) paranoid
d) obsessive compulsive
a) schizotypal
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of psychopathy?
a) poverty of emotion
b) no sense of shame
c) appearance matters
d) superficially charming
c) appearance matters (also positive feelings for others are an act, lack of anxiety, lack of remorse, impulsive rule breaking)
The three core traits of psychopathy are all below EXCEPT:
a) boldness
b) meanness
c) anger
d) impulsivity
c) anger
The PCL-R stands for:
a) Psychological Checklist-Revisited
b) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised
c) Psychopathological Checklist-Reviewed
d) Psychopathy Checklist-Revitalised
b) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised
The PCL-R includes more ________________ symptoms that the DSM.
a) cognitive
b) memory
c) affective
d) behavioural
c) affective (also DSM-5 criteria say that the person must develop symptoms before 15 years of age whilst PCL-R does not)
Most research on antisocial and psychopathy has been done on:
a) people with anxiety
b) convicted criminals
c) Western population
d) random samples
b) convicted criminals
Which of the following contribute to antisocial and psychopathy personality disorders?
a) negative consistent and low warmth parenting
b) poverty
c) exposure to violence
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Polymorphism of the ____________ gene predicts psychopathy among males who experienced childhood physical or sexual abuse or maternal rejection.
a) MAO-A
b) MAO-B
c) DAT-1
d) DAT-2
a) MAO-A
People with psychopathy are insensitive to threat and other’s emotions. They are also:
a) unable to learn from experience
b) repeat misconduct
c) have deficits in the experience of threat and fear
d) all of the above
d) all of the above (seem immune to anxiety, have lower skin conductance)
When people with psychopathy are shown a threatening stimulus, there is ____________ activity in the amygdala:
a) increased
b) decreased
c) little increased
d) no increased
d) no increased (they have deficits in developing a conditioned fear response and inattentive to threats when pursuing a goal which is linked to deficits in the prefrontal cortex)
A major family variable that contributes to later antisocial behaviour in children is
a) working mothers
b) parental inconsistency
c) overprotection
d) high number of siblings
b) parental inconsistency
Borderline personality disorder is:
a) not common
b) very common
c) only seen in certain populations
d) only seen in movies
b) very common
The core features of borderline personality disorder are:
a) impulsivity
b) instability in relationships
c) instability in mood
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
People with borderline personality disorder:
a) cannot bear to be alone
b) have fears of abandonment
c) experience chronic levels of depression
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
People with borderline personality disorder have lower ________________ function.
a) serotonin
b) dopamine
c) oxytocin
d) cortisol
a) serotonin (also increased activation of the amygdala and deficits in prefrontal cortex which control impulsivity)
Linehan’s Diathesis-Stress Theory proposed that BDP develops when people who have difficulty controlling their emotions are raised in a family environment that is:
a) aggressive
b) invalidating
c) passive
d) abusive
b) invalidating (emotional dysregulation interacts with experiences of invalidation to promote BDP, thus person’s efforts to communicate are disregarded or punished)
Dialectical behaviour therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder combines
a) ego analysis and directive behavioural techniques
b) social skills training and free-association
c) Gestalt techniques and relaxation training
d) cognitive-behavioural problem-solving, social skills training and client-centred empathy
d) cognitive-behavioural problem-solving, social skills training and client-centred empathy
People with Histrionic personality disorder:
a) use physical appearance to draw attention
b) are self centred
c) are inappropriately sexually provocative
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
According to the social-cognitive model of narcissistic personality disorder, individuals with this disorder:
a) have a vulnerable self-esteem
b) crave closeness and warmth
c) have extremely high self-esteem
d) are socially aloof
a) have a vulnerable self-esteem
Which of the following is NOT a feature of narcissistic personality disorder?
a) grandiose view of their qualities
b) preoccupied with fantasies of great success
c) easily influenced by others
d) overly reactive to criticism
c) easily influenced by others
Narcissistic personality disorder can be a result of:
a) parental overindulgence
b) psychological abuse or neglect in childhood
c) invalidating parenting
d) a & b
d) a & b (fragile narcissism - may serve as a defence mechanism against childhood abuse)
People with a anxious/fearful personality disorder are prone to:
a) worry and stress
b) anxiety and depression
c) fear and anxiety
d) none of the above
a) worry and stress
Which of the following is NOT something that people with avoidant personality disorder are fearful of:
a) criticism
b) rejection
c) disapproval
d) failure
d) failure
Men with higher levels of dependency are at greater risk of :
a) committing a crime
b) perpetuating domestic violence
c) engaging in substance abuse
d) adultery
b) perpetuating domestic violence
Which of the following is a person with obsessive compulsive disorder likely to do:
a) fail to finish things
b) have trouble making decisions
c) prioritise work over relationships
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
What is commonly used to treat schizotypal personality disorder?
a) antipsychotics
b) antidepressants
c) cognitive behaviour therapy
d) dialectical behaviour therapy
a) antipsychotics
What is commonly used to treat avoidant personality disorder?
a) antipsychotics
b) antidepressants
c) cognitive behaviour therapy
d) antidepressants and CBT
b) antidepressants
People with borderline personality disorder see things as:
a) good or bad
b) pleasurable or unpleasurable
c) happy or sad
d) right or wrong
a) good or bad
Which is NOT a stage of the cognitive behavioural approach to dialectical behaviour therapy:
a) addressing dangerous behaviours
b) learning social skills
c) learning to module extreme emotionality
d) improving relationships and self esteem
b) learning social skills
in contrast to those with avoidant personality disorder, those with schizoid personality disorder
A)
B)
C) have no desire to form relationships
D) want to form relationships
C) have no desire to form relationships
investigators to conclude that avoidant personality disorder may simply be a somewhat more severe manifestation of
A) unipolar depression
B) agoraphobia
C) GAD
D) Social anxiety
C) GAD
e research suggests that avoidant personality may have its origins in an
A) innate fearful temperament
B) innate “inhibited” temperament
C) anxious avoidant temperament
D) negative affectivity temperament
B) innate “inhibited” temperament
