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Abnormal Psychology > ~~~ PERSONALITY DISORDERS TEST BANK > Flashcards

~~~ PERSONALITY DISORDERS TEST BANK Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality disorders are defined as:

a) long-standing, pervasive, and inflexible patterns of behaviour and inner experience that deviate from the expectations of a person’s culture
b) any psychological disorder having an onset before age 12 and recurring at least three times during adult life
c) a chronic pattern of extreme instability in relationships, mood, and self-image
d) maladaptive behaviours that consistently violate the rights of others

A

a) long-standing, pervasive, and inflexible patterns of behaviour and inner experience that deviate from the expectations of a person’s culture

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2
Q

Cluster A (odd or eccentric behaviour) of personality disorders covers all of the following EXCEPT:

a) paranoid
b) antisocial
c) schizoid
d) schizotypal

A

b) antisocial

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3
Q

Cluster B (anxious or fearful behaviour) of personality disorders covers all of the following EXCEPT:

a) antisocial
b) borderline
c) histrionic
d) narcissistic
e) obsessive-compulsive

A

e) obsessive-compulsive

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4
Q

Cluster C (dramatic, emotional or erratic behaviour) of personality disorders covers all of the following EXCEPT:

a) avoidant
b) dependent
c) disorderly
d) obsessive-compulsive

A

c) disorderly

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5
Q

1 in _______ meet the criteria for a personality disorder:

a) 5
b) 10
c) 20
d) 50

A

b) 10

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6
Q

Which of the following is true for comorbid personality disorders:

a) more severe symptoms
b) poorer social functioning
c) worse treatment outcomes
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above (doubles the risk of poor outcomes in depressive disorders and worse outcomes for anxiety disorders)

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7
Q

Recent research on personality disorders indicates that the reliability of diagnosis is:

a) acceptable for antisocial personality disorder, but inadequate for most others.
b) improved if structured interviews are used.
c) totally inadequate.
d) better than most diagnostic categories.

A

b) improved if structured interviews are used.

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8
Q

Which of the following is a major concerns with the DSM-5 approach to personality disorders is that:

a) disorders are not as stable as definition implies
b) disorders develop in adolescence so should sit with that category
c) disorders may fall into a number of categories
d) not all personality disorders are covered

A

a) disorders are not as stable as definition implies (high comorbidity rates also a concern)

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9
Q

________ of those with a personality disorder meet the criteria for another personality disorder.

a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 35%
d) 50%

A

d) 50% (schizotypal, avoidant and paranoid all have difficulty forming relationships so often co-occur)

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10
Q

Lack of _________________ reliability and high rates of comorbidity make the DSM less than ideal for classifying personality disorders.

a) interrater
b) test-retest
c) internal consistency
d) construct

A

b) test-retest

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11
Q

The alternate DSM model for personality disorders reduces the number of disorders (to 6) and incorporates:

a) structured diagnostic interviews
b) personality trait dimensions
c) personality subtypes
d) personality subdimensions

A

b) personality trait dimensions

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12
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the personality disorders excluded from the alternative DSM model?

a) schizoid
b) schizotypal
c) dependent
d) histrionic
e) paranoid

A

b) schizotypal (the others are excluded because they rarely occur. Paranoid because of the overlap)

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of focusing on personality traits:

a) can specify which trait are of most concern to client
b) ratings tend to be more stable over time
c) easier to diagnose a personality disorder for clinicians
d) dimensions are related to many aspects of psychological adjustment and physical outcomes

A

c) easier to diagnose a personality disorder for clinicians

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14
Q

Which is the most heritable personality disorder?

a) borderline
b) obsessive-compulsive
c) dependent
d) avoidant

A

b) obsessive-compulsive

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a symptom common for those diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder?

a) dramatic attention-seeking behaviour
b) dressing in dirty or dishevelled clothing
c) talking to themselves
d) engaging in magical thinking

A

a) dramatic attention-seeking behaviour (also eccentric thoughts or behaviour, interpersonal detachment, suspiciousness, illusions, concerned others might hurt them)

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a symptom common for those diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder?

a) suspicious of others
b) expecting to be mistreated
c) hostile
d) rarely experience strong emotions

A

d) rarely experience strong emotions (also secretive, on the lookout for signs of trickery, seen as difficult and critical, lives are filled with conflict)

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT a symptom common with schizoid personality disorder?

a) desiring social relationships
b) appear to be dull
c) have few pleasurable activities
d) not interested in sex

A

a) desiring social relationships (do not desire or enjoy social relationships, no close friends, aloof, no warm or tender feelings towards others, indifferent to praise or criticism, rarely experience strong emotion)

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18
Q

Antisocial personality disorder is marked by all of the following EXCEPT:

a) disregard for others rights
b) impulsiveness
c) aggressiveness
d) no sense of shame

A

d) no sense of shame (also breaking laws, working inconsistently, little regard for truth, little remorse)

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19
Q

Relatives of people with schizophrenia are at increased risk of:

a) schizotypal
b) schizoid
c) paranoid
d) obsessive compulsive

A

a) schizotypal

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20
Q

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of psychopathy?

a) poverty of emotion
b) no sense of shame
c) appearance matters
d) superficially charming

A

c) appearance matters (also positive feelings for others are an act, lack of anxiety, lack of remorse, impulsive rule breaking)

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21
Q

The three core traits of psychopathy are all below EXCEPT:

a) boldness
b) meanness
c) anger
d) impulsivity

A

c) anger

22
Q

The PCL-R stands for:

a) Psychological Checklist-Revisited
b) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised
c) Psychopathological Checklist-Reviewed
d) Psychopathy Checklist-Revitalised

A

b) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised

23
Q

The PCL-R includes more ________________ symptoms that the DSM.

a) cognitive
b) memory
c) affective
d) behavioural

A

c) affective (also DSM-5 criteria say that the person must develop symptoms before 15 years of age whilst PCL-R does not)

24
Q

Most research on antisocial and psychopathy has been done on:

a) people with anxiety
b) convicted criminals
c) Western population
d) random samples

A

b) convicted criminals

25
Q

Which of the following contribute to antisocial and psychopathy personality disorders?

a) negative consistent and low warmth parenting
b) poverty
c) exposure to violence
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

26
Q

Polymorphism of the ____________ gene predicts psychopathy among males who experienced childhood physical or sexual abuse or maternal rejection.

a) MAO-A
b) MAO-B
c) DAT-1
d) DAT-2

A

a) MAO-A

27
Q

People with psychopathy are insensitive to threat and other’s emotions. They are also:

a) unable to learn from experience
b) repeat misconduct
c) have deficits in the experience of threat and fear
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above (seem immune to anxiety, have lower skin conductance)

28
Q

When people with psychopathy are shown a threatening stimulus, there is ____________ activity in the amygdala:

a) increased
b) decreased
c) little increased
d) no increased

A

d) no increased (they have deficits in developing a conditioned fear response and inattentive to threats when pursuing a goal which is linked to deficits in the prefrontal cortex)

29
Q

A major family variable that contributes to later antisocial behaviour in children is

a) working mothers
b) parental inconsistency
c) overprotection
d) high number of siblings

A

b) parental inconsistency

30
Q

Borderline personality disorder is:

a) not common
b) very common
c) only seen in certain populations
d) only seen in movies

A

b) very common

31
Q

The core features of borderline personality disorder are:

a) impulsivity
b) instability in relationships
c) instability in mood
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

32
Q

People with borderline personality disorder:

a) cannot bear to be alone
b) have fears of abandonment
c) experience chronic levels of depression
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

33
Q

People with borderline personality disorder have lower ________________ function.

a) serotonin
b) dopamine
c) oxytocin
d) cortisol

A

a) serotonin (also increased activation of the amygdala and deficits in prefrontal cortex which control impulsivity)

34
Q

Linehan’s Diathesis-Stress Theory proposed that BDP develops when people who have difficulty controlling their emotions are raised in a family environment that is:

a) aggressive
b) invalidating
c) passive
d) abusive

A

b) invalidating (emotional dysregulation interacts with experiences of invalidation to promote BDP, thus person’s efforts to communicate are disregarded or punished)

35
Q

Dialectical behaviour therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder combines

a) ego analysis and directive behavioural techniques
b) social skills training and free-association
c) Gestalt techniques and relaxation training
d) cognitive-behavioural problem-solving, social skills training and client-centred empathy

A

d) cognitive-behavioural problem-solving, social skills training and client-centred empathy

36
Q

People with Histrionic personality disorder:

a) use physical appearance to draw attention
b) are self centred
c) are inappropriately sexually provocative
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

37
Q

According to the social-cognitive model of narcissistic personality disorder, individuals with this disorder:

a) have a vulnerable self-esteem
b) crave closeness and warmth
c) have extremely high self-esteem
d) are socially aloof

A

a) have a vulnerable self-esteem

38
Q

Which of the following is NOT a feature of narcissistic personality disorder?

a) grandiose view of their qualities
b) preoccupied with fantasies of great success
c) easily influenced by others
d) overly reactive to criticism

A

c) easily influenced by others

39
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder can be a result of:

a) parental overindulgence
b) psychological abuse or neglect in childhood
c) invalidating parenting
d) a & b

A

d) a & b (fragile narcissism - may serve as a defence mechanism against childhood abuse)

40
Q

People with a anxious/fearful personality disorder are prone to:

a) worry and stress
b) anxiety and depression
c) fear and anxiety
d) none of the above

A

a) worry and stress

41
Q

Which of the following is NOT something that people with avoidant personality disorder are fearful of:

a) criticism
b) rejection
c) disapproval
d) failure

A

d) failure

42
Q

Men with higher levels of dependency are at greater risk of :

a) committing a crime
b) perpetuating domestic violence
c) engaging in substance abuse
d) adultery

A

b) perpetuating domestic violence

43
Q

Which of the following is a person with obsessive compulsive disorder likely to do:

a) fail to finish things
b) have trouble making decisions
c) prioritise work over relationships
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

44
Q

What is commonly used to treat schizotypal personality disorder?

a) antipsychotics
b) antidepressants
c) cognitive behaviour therapy
d) dialectical behaviour therapy

A

a) antipsychotics

45
Q

What is commonly used to treat avoidant personality disorder?

a) antipsychotics
b) antidepressants
c) cognitive behaviour therapy
d) antidepressants and CBT

A

b) antidepressants

46
Q

People with borderline personality disorder see things as:

a) good or bad
b) pleasurable or unpleasurable
c) happy or sad
d) right or wrong

A

a) good or bad

47
Q

Which is NOT a stage of the cognitive behavioural approach to dialectical behaviour therapy:

a) addressing dangerous behaviours
b) learning social skills
c) learning to module extreme emotionality
d) improving relationships and self esteem

A

b) learning social skills

48
Q

in contrast to those with avoidant personality disorder, those with schizoid personality disorder

A)

B)

C) have no desire to form relationships

D) want to form relationships

A

C) have no desire to form relationships

49
Q

investigators to conclude that avoidant personality disorder may simply be a somewhat more severe manifestation of

A) unipolar depression

B) agoraphobia

C) GAD

D) Social anxiety

A

C) GAD

50
Q

e research suggests that avoidant personality may have its origins in an

A) innate fearful temperament

B) innate “inhibited” temperament

C) anxious avoidant temperament

D) negative affectivity temperament

A

B) innate “inhibited” temperament

Abnormal Psychology (48 decks)

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