vital signs.

Question 1

what is he medical term pertaining to or marked by a fever: feverish. a true fever results from an alteration in the hypothalamic set point.

Answer 1

febrile (pyrexia)

Question 2

pertaining to a substance, such as a medication, that reduces fever.

Answer 2

antipyretic

Question 3

Normal body temperature ranges for adults

Answer 3

36 C to 38 C (96.8-100.4)

Question 4

Factors influencing temperature reading:

Answer 4

faulty thermometer, Dehydration, environment, infections.

Question 5

what structure located between the cerebral hemispheres, controls body temperature.

Answer 5

hypothalamus

Question 6

what part of the hypothalamus controls heat loss and the part that controls the heat production

Answer 6

anterior hypothalamus, posterior hypothalamus

Question 7

mechanisms of heat loss include what reactions from the body

Answer 7

sweating, vasodilation of blood vessels, and inhibition of heat production. The body redistributes blood to surface vessels to promote heat loss.

Question 8

what are some heat-conservation mechanisms include reactions from the body

Answer 8

vasoconstriction of blood vessels reduces blood flow to the skin and extremities. Compensatory effort heat production is stimulated through voluntary muscle contraction and muscle shivering. when vasoconstriction is ineffective in preventing additional heat loss, shivering beings.

Question 9

what are some factors that can cause serious alterations in temperature control of the hypothalamus

Answer 9

disease or trauma.

Question 10

The absence of what hormone reduces the Basic metabolic rate by half causing a decrease in heat production

Answer 10

thyroid

Question 11

Nonshivering thermogenesis occurs primarily in what age group and why does that occur.

Answer 11

neonates. Because neonates cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown tissue, present at birth, is metabolized for heat production.

Question 12

what are some way the body loses heat

Answer 12

radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation, and diaphoresis.

Question 13

what is heat loss by radiation and what is an example of it.

Answer 13

is the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two. Peripheral vasodilation and constriction. As much as 85% of the surface area of the human body radiates heat to the environment.

Question 14

what is heat loss by conduction and what is an example?

Answer 14

is the transfer of heat for one object to another with direct contact. applying an ice pack or bathing a patient with a cool cloth increases conductive heat loss.

Question 15

what is heat loss by convection and what is an example?

Answer 15

transfer of heat way by air movement. A fan.

Question 16

what is heat loss by evaporation and what is an example?

Answer 16

the transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas.n Sweating. The body continuously loses heat by evaporation. Approximately 600 to 900 mL a day evaporates from the skin, and lungs resulting in water and heat loss.

Question 17

Skin scaling and itching and drying of the nares and pharynx is caused by what excess of heat loss

Answer 17

excessive perspiration.

Question 18

what are the factors that affect Body temperature?

Answer 18

Age, exercise, hormone level, circadian rhythm, stress, environment, temperature alternations such as: fever, hyperthermia, heatstroke, heat exhaustion, and hypothermia.

Question 19

why do you need to take extra care to protect newborns from environmental temperatures.

Answer 19

Temperature control mechanisms are immature. An infant’s temperature responds drastically to changes in the environment.

Question 20

where does the newborn lose up to 30% of their body heat from.

Answer 20

Their head so cover it with a cap to prevent heat loss.

Question 21

what is the newborn’s normal body temperature?

Answer 21

35.5 to 37.5 (95.9-to 99.5)

Question 22

what is the average body temp for older adults?

Answer 22

96.8 F

Question 23

Older adults are particularly sensitive to temperature extremes because of deterioration in what what control mechanims

Answer 23

poor vasomotor control ( control of vasoconstriction and vasodilation), reduced amounts of subcutaneous tissue, reduced sweat gland activity, and reduced metabolism.

Question 24

how does the hormone, progesterone, affect women’s body temp.

Answer 24

When Progesterone levels are low , the body temperature is a few tenths of a degree below the baseline level. The lower temp persists until ovulation occurs. During ovulation greater amounts of progesterone enter the circulatory system and raise the body temperature to previous baseline levels or higher. These temp variations help to predict a woman’s most fertile time to achieve pregnancy.

Question 25

what happens to the woman’s temp who have stopped menstruating

Answer 25

They often experience periods of intense body heat and sweating lasting from 30 seconds to 5 minutes. During these periods often intermittent skin temperature increases up to 4 C (7.2 F), referred to as hot flashes. This is caused by the instability of the vasomotor controls for vasodilation and vasoconstriction.

Question 26

the temperature is usually lowest between from what times and highest at what time?

Answer 26

1:00 4:00 AM. 4:00 PM

Question 27

does the circadian temperature rhythm change with age?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

A fever is usually not harmful if it stays below what temp

Answer 28

39C (102.2F)

Question 29

what are pyrogens

Answer 29

bacteria and viruses elevate body temperature. They act as antigens, triggering immune system responses.

Question 30

what are some things that happen in the body during a febrile episode?

Answer 30

white blood cell production is stimulated. Increased temp reduces the concentration of iron in the blood plasma, suppression growth of bacteria.

Question 31

what natural virus fighting substance is released into the body during a fever

Answer 31

interferon

Question 32

The duration and degree of a fever depends on what

Answer 32

On the strength of the pyrogen and the ability of the individual to respond.

Question 33

why would a patient that has a fever be put on oxygen

Answer 33

A prolonged fever weakens a patient by exhausting energy stores. Increased metabolism requires additional oxygen. If the body cannot meet the the demand for additional oxygen, cellular hypoxia occurs.