Nutrition ch.44 Flashcards
Macrominerals help to balance the what of the body?
pH
what is the term for sufficient food that is available on a consistent basis; and the household has resources to obtain appropriate food for a nutritious diet.
food security
what are vitamins A,D,E, and K that are stored in the fatty compartments of the body.
fat-soluble vitamins
what is the structural part of plants that is not broken down by the human digestive enzymes therefore it does not contribute calories to the diet.
fiber
When the body is unable to burn glucose it burns fat and this produces a chemical called what… This occurs when there is too little insulin for the amount of glucose in the body
ketone
specific nutritional therapies to treat an illness, injury, or condition
Medical nutrition therapy
are inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions.
minerals
growth, normal pregnancy, maintenance of lean muscle mass and vital organs, and wound healing are the result of what balance
positive nitrogen balance.
in what conditions would you have negative nitrogen balance
infection, burns, fever, starvation, head injury, and trauma.
what are vitamins C and the B complex (which is eight vitamins).
water soluble
why shouldn’t infants not have regular cow’s milk during the first year of life.
it causes gastrointestinal bleeding, is too concentrated for the infant’s kidneys to manage, increases the risk of milk product allergies, and is a poor source of iron and vitamins C and E
what is the Valsalva maneuver and what is it’s purpose
(holding the breath and “bearing down”) The increased venous pressure created by the maneuver prevents air from entering the bloodstream during catheter insertion
Delayed gastric emptying is a concern if how many mL of GRV(gastric residual volume) or more remains in the patient’s stomach on each of two consecutive assessments(1 hour apart) or if a single GRV measurement exceeds how many mL
250 and 500
what are the multiple benefits of breastfeeding for the infant and mother
fewer food allergies and intolerance; fewer infant infections; easier digestion; increased time for mother and infant interaction.
if and infant is allergic or intolerant to cow’s milk, what alternative formula is used.
soy protein.
why shouldn’t honey and corn syrup be included into the infants diet
they are potential sources of botulism toxin, and is potentially fatal in children under 1 year of age.
what are the most important nonmilk source of protein for infants 4 to 11 months.
cerals
caregivers should introduce new foods for potential allergies at what rate and approximately how many days apart
one at a time and 4 to 7 days apart.
Toddlers who consume more than 24 ounces of milk daily in place of other foods sometimes develop what condition and why?
Milk anemia, because milk is a poor source of iron
Toddlers need to drink ____ until the age of ____ to make sure that there is adequate intake of fatty acids this necessary for brain and neurological development
Whole milk, two years
Iodine supports increased ___ activity
Thyroid
Pregnancy occurring within how many years of Menarche places a mother and fetus at risk because of anatomical and physiological immaturity
Four years
Protein intake throughout pregnancy is increase to how many grams daily
60 grams
Folic acid intake is particularly important for ____ synthesis and the growth of what cells
DNA synthesis, red blood cells
Fetal neural tube defects, anencephaly, or maternal megaloblastic anemia are caused by an inadequate intake of what substance.
Folic acid
Women of childbearing age need to consume how many micrograms of folic acid daily, increasing to how many micrograms daily during pregnancy
400, 600
Lactating women needs how many calories per day above the usual allowance because the production of milk increases energy requirements
500
Protein requirements during lactation a greater than those required during what for the woman
Pregnancy
Water-soluble vitamins such as vitamins B and C is necessary to ensure adequate levels in what
Breast milk
intake of what substances should be avoided in breast milk
Caffeine, alcohol, and drugs
Decreased drug absorption with food and overdose associated with liver failure is caused by what analgesic
acetaminophen
Absorbed directly through stomach; decreased drug absorption with food; decreased folic acid, vitamins C and K, and iron absorption is caused by what analgesic
Aspirin
Decreased phosphate absorption is caused by what anti-acid
Aluminum hydroxide
Decreased Folic acid absorption is caused by what antiacid
Sodium bicarbonate
Taste alteration is caused by what antiarrhythmic drugs
Amiodarone (codarone)
Anorexia, decreased renal clearance in older people is caused by what Antiarrhythmic drug
Digitalis
