Parkinson's Disease

Question 0

What characterizes Parkinson’s disease.

Answer 0

Clinical condition is characterized by gradual slowing a voluntary movement (bradykinesia); muscular rigidity; stupid posture; distinctive gate with short, accelerating steps; managed facial expression; and resting tremor.

Question 1

What is Parkinson’s disease

Answer 1

It is a degeneration of the substantia nigra in the basal ganglia of the midbrain, which leads to depletion of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine is normally produced and stored in the substantia nigra and promotes smooth, purposeful movements and modulation of motor function. Depletion of dopamine leads to impairment of the extrapyramidal tracks and consequent loss of movement coordination

Question 2

What percentage of DA neurons are lost before the patient begins to have the motor signs of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

The majority of all cases of classic Parkinson’s disease are what

Answer 3

Primary, or idiopathic, and secondary

Question 4

What is secondary or iatrogenic Parkinson’s disease

Answer 4

Is drug or chemical related (dopamine)

Question 5

His Parkinson’s a genetic disease

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

In Parkinson’s disease, what are some complications that can occur

Answer 6

Injuries from Falls, skin breakdown from immobility, and urinary tract infections

Question 7

Death is usually caused by what in patients that have Parkinson’s disease

Answer 7

Aspiration pneumonia or other infections

Question 8

What is juvenile parkinsonism

Answer 8

It’s associated and people younger than age 40 who have Wilson’s disease, progressive lenticular degeneration, or Huntington’s disease.

Question 9

Which gender does Parkinson’s disease affect more

Answer 9

Men slightly more often than it does want to

Question 10

What race has a higher incidence of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 10

Hispanics/Latinos and whites

Question 11

Parkinson’s disease progresses through stages what is the first stage

Answer 11

Mild unilateral dysfunction

Question 12

What is the second stage Parkinson’s disease

Answer 12

Mild bilateral dysfunction, as evidenced by expressionless face and gait changes

Question 13

What is the third stage of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 13

Increasing dysfunction, with difficulties in walking, initiating movements, and maintaining equilibrium

Question 14

What is the fourth stage of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 14

Severe disability, including difficulties in walking in maintaining balance and steady propulsion, Rigidity, and slow to movement.

Question 15

The last stage of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 15

Invalidism, which requires total care

Question 16

What are the three cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 16

Involuntary tremors, akinesia, and progressive muscle rigidity

Question 17

What is the first symptom of Parkinson’s disease usually shown

Answer 17

A course, rest tremor of the fingers and thumb (pill rolling movement) of one hand. It occurs at rest and intensifies with stress, fatigue, cold, or excitation

Question 18

The tremors of the Parkinson’s disease patient disappears during what time

Answer 18

During sleep or purposeful movement

Question 19

Where else can tremors occur in a Parkinson’s disease patient

Answer 19

Tongue, lips, jaw, chin, and closed eyelids. Eventually, the tremors can spread to the foot on the same side and then to the limbs on the other side of the body

Question 20

The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is made on the basis of two out of the four important symptoms. What are the four symptoms.

Answer 20

Resting tremor, bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity ( rigidity of a muscle that gives way in a series of little jerks when passive stretching occurs), and postural instability;

Question 21

What is one of the two symptoms that must be present in order for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease to be made

Answer 21

Resting tremor or bradykinesia

Question 22

Why would you want To check to see for alterations in the respiratory status?

Answer 22

Rigidity of the intercostal muscles may decrease breath sounds or cause labored respirations

Question 23

What are the rare complications of Parkinson’s disease that involves the eyeballs and the eyelids.

Answer 23

Eyeballs fixed in an upward direction or eyelids completely closed

Question 24

What are some autonomic disorders that are manifested in Parkinson’s disease.

Answer 24

Hypothalamic dysfunction, parkinson’s perspiration, heat intolerance, seborrhea, and excess oil production.

Question 25

Parkinson’s disease does not usually affect what ability

Answer 25

Intellectual ability

Question 26

What are some antiparkinson drugs

Answer 26

Levodopa (L-dopa); carbidopa levodopa (sinemet)

Question 27

What does antiparkinson drugs to

Answer 27

Controls Tremors and rigidity; converted to dopamine in the basal ganglia

Question 28

What class and what does Amantadine hydrochloride (symmetrel) do.

Answer 28

Antiviral, controls tremor and rigidity by increasing the release of dopamine to the basal ganglia

Question 29

Artane (trihexyphenidyl), Cogentin (benztropine mesylate) are what class of drugs

Answer 29

Synthetic anticholinergics.

Question 30

What does synthetic anticholinergics do

Answer 30

Block acetylcholine stimulated nerves that lead to tremors

Question 31

What are the nursing interventions for Parkinson’s disease

Answer 31

Promote independence in the patient such as encouraging maximum participation in self-care activities, reinforce occupational physical therapy recommendations, facilitate communication such as having patient to speak slowly and to practice deep breathing exercises to promote chest expansion and adequate air exchange, maintain nutritional status by monitoring weight intake and output. And finally help the patient maintain a positive self image.