cardiovascular system

Question 0

Lumen

Answer 0

Tubular space or channel within any organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tune

Question 1

Aneurysm/o

Answer 1

Widened blood vessel

Ex. Aneurysmorrhaphy(an-u-riz-MOR-ah-fe)- suture of an aneurysm.

Question 2

Tunica media

Answer 2

Is the middle layer composed of smooth muscle. Depending on the needs of the body, this muscle can alter the size of the lumen of the vessel. When it contracts, it causes vasoconstriction, resulting in decreased blood flow. When it relaxes, it causes vasodilation, resulting in increased blood flow.

Question 3

Angi/o

Answer 3

Vessel (usually refers to blood or lymph)
Ex. Angioplasty- surgical repair of a vessel. Includes any endovascular procedure that reopened narrowed blood vessels and restores blood flow.

Question 4

Arteriorrhexis

Answer 4

Rupture of an artery

Question 5

Ather/o

Answer 5

Fatty plaque
Ex. Atheroma- tumor of fatty plaque. They’re formed fatty plaque builds up on the inner lining of arterial walls. As calcium and other minerals are absorbed by plaque, the vessel hardens.

Question 6

Hemangi/o

Answer 6

Blood vessel
Ex. Hemangioma- tumor of blood vessels. Infant hemangiomas are also called birthmarks. They are not considered malignant and usually disappear over time.

Question 7

Phleb/o

Answer 7

Vein

Ex. Phlebectasis(fle-BEK- ta- sis)- expansion of a vein

Question 8

Venostasis

Answer 8

Standing still of (blood in a) vein; also called phlebostasis

Question 9

Sept/o

Answer 9

Septum
Ex.septostomy(sep-tos-to-me)- forming an opening in a septum. Is a temporary procedure performed to increase systemic oxygenation in infants with congenital heart defects until corrective surgery can be performed.

Question 10

Sphygm/o

Answer 10

Pulse
Ex. Sphygmoid (SFIG-moid) resembling a pulse
-oid: resembling

Question 11

-sphyxia

Answer 11

Pulse

Ex aphyxia- without a pulse; also called suffocation. The term usually refers to a death caused by anoxia

Question 12

Angina

Answer 12

any attack of painful spasms characterized by sensations of choking or suffocating.

Question 13

angi·na pec·to·ris

[pek-tuh-ris]

Answer 13

1.
a syndrome characterized by paroxysmal, constricting pain below the sternum, most easily precipitated by exertion or excitement and caused by ischemia of the heart muscle, usually due to a coronary artery disease, as arteriosclerosis.

Question 14

Endarterectomy

Answer 14

the surgical stripping of a fat-encrusted, thickened arterial lining so as to open or widen the artery for improved blood circulation.

Question 15

Ischemia

Answer 15

With partial occlusion, localized areas of the heart experience oxygen deficiency. local deficiency of blood supply produced by vasoconstriction or local obstacles to the arterial flow.

Question 16

Infarction

Answer 16

When occlusion is total or almost total, the affected area of the heart muscle dies. A localized area of tissue, as in the heart or kidney, that is dying or dead, having been deprived of its blood supply because of an obstruction by embolism or thrombosis.

Question 17

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Answer 17

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is performed to open blocked coronary arteries caused by coronary artery disease (CAD) and to restore arterial blood flow to the heart tissue without open-heart surgery. A special catheter (long hollow tube) is inserted into the coronary artery to be treated.

This catheter has a tiny balloon at its tip. The balloon is inflated once the catheter has been placed into the narrowed area of the coronary artery. The inflation of the balloon compresses the fatty tissue in the artery and makes a larger opening inside the artery for improved blood flow.

Question 18

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Answer 18

During CABG, a healthy artery or vein from the body is connected, or grafted, to the blocked coronary artery. The grafted artery or vein bypasses (that is, goes around) the blocked portion of the coronary artery.

This creates a new passage, and oxygen-rich blood is routed around the blockage to the heart muscle.

Question 19

Endocarditis

Answer 19

Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of your heart (endocardium). Endocarditis typically occurs when bacteria or other germs from another part of your body, such as your mouth, spread through your bloodstream and attach to damaged areas in your heart. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage or destroy your heart valves and can lead to life-threatening complications.

Endocarditis is uncommon in people with healthy hearts. People at greatest risk of endocarditis have a damaged heart valve, an artificial heart valve or other heart defects.

Question 20

Varicose veins

Answer 20

Enlarged, twisted, superficial, veins. They develop when the valves of the veins do not function properly (incompetent) and fail to prevent the backflow of blood. Blood accumulates and the vein becomes engorged and distended. Excess fluid seeps from the vein, causing edema in surrounding tissues.

Question 21

Teleangiectases (a type of varicose veins)

Answer 21

Spider veins. Look like short, fine lines, starburst, clusters, or weblike mazes.

Question 22

Myxoma

Answer 22

Tumor of the heart that is a soft tumor composed of connective and mucoid tissue.

Question 23

Arthralgia

Answer 23

Joint pain

Question 24

Pulmonary edema

Answer 24

an abnormal buildup of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs, which leads to shortness of breath.

Question 25

Primary tumor

Answer 25

Malignancy originating in another part of the body.

Question 26

Metastasized

Answer 26

Spread

Question 27

Bruit

Answer 27

Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called a murmur.

Question 28

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 28

Any disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function. Causes include viral or bacterial infection, metabolic disorders, or general systemic disease.

Question 29

Coarctation (ko-ARK-ta- shun)

Answer 29

Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta.

Question 30

Ejection fraction

Answer 30

Calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with on contraction. The left EF averages 50-70% in healthy hearts but can be markedly reduced if part of the heart muscle dies, as evident after an MI or in cardiomyopathy or valvular heart disease

Question 31

Valves

Answer 31

Are small structures within veins that prevent the backflow of blood. They are found mainly in the extremities and are especially important for returning blood from the legs to the heart because blood must travel a long distance against the force of gravity to reach the heart from the legs.