Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

Question 1

The characteristics of body fluids influence body system function because of their effects on cell function. what are the four characteristics?

Answer 1

fluid amount (volume) concentration(Osmolality), composition(electrolyte concentration), and degree of acidity(pH)

Question 2

why do obese people have less water in their bodies than lean people muscle.

Answer 2

Because fat contains less water than

Question 3

Body fluids are located in what two distinct compartments:

Answer 3

extracellular fluid (outside the cells), and intracellular fluid (inside the cells).

Question 4

In adults ICF is approximately of what fraction of total body water. and what fraction of ECF is approximately of total body water.

Answer 4

2/3 and 1/3

Question 5

ECF has two major divisions. what are they?

Answer 5

Intravascular and interstitial fluid and a minor division transcellular fluids.

Question 6

what is Intravascular fluid

Answer 6

is the liquid portion of the blood (i.e., the plasma).

Question 7

what is Interstitial fluid

Answer 7

fluid that is located between the cells and outside the blood vessels.

Question 8

what is transcellular fluid

Answer 8

such as cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, and synovial fluids are secreted by epithelial cells

Question 9

what are the electrolytes that are cations

Answer 9

sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions

Question 10

what are the electrolytes that are anions

Answer 10

chloride and bicarbonate.

Question 11

what is the normal lab value for sodium

Answer 11

136-145 mEq/L

Question 12

what is the normal lab value for potassium

Answer 12

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 13

What is the normal lab value for Chloride

Answer 13

98-106 mEq/L

Question 14

what is the normal lab value for total calcium (bound calcium)

Answer 14

8.4- 10.5 mg/dL

Question 15

what is the normal lab value for ionized calcium.

Answer 15

4.5-5.3 mg/dL

Question 16

what is the normal lab value for magnesium

Answer 16

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Question 17

what is the normal lab value for Phosphate

Answer 17

2.7-4.5 mg/dL

Question 18

what type of transport is it when moving electrolytes across cell membranes against the concentration gradient from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.

Answer 18

Active transport

Question 19

what is the main example of active transport?

Answer 19

sodium-potassium pump, which moves Na+ out of a cell and K+ into it, keeping ICF lower in Na+ and higher levels in K+ than the ECF

Question 20

what is the term for passive transport movement of electrolytes or other particles down the concentration gradient (from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration).

Answer 20

Diffusion

Question 21

Diffusion of electrolytes across cell membranes requires what that serve as ion channels

Answer 21

proteins

Question 22

Opening of ion channels is tightly controlled and plays an important part in what function?

Answer 22

muscle and nerve fucntion

Question 23

what separates interstitial fluid from ICF.

Answer 23

semipermeable membranes.

Question 24

what are hypotonic solutions

Answer 24

more dilute than normal body fluids)

Question 25

what does hypotonic solutions do?

Answer 25

it dilutes the interstitial fluid, decreasing its osmotic pressure below intracellular osmotic pressure. Water moves rapidly into cells until the two osmotic pressure are equal again.

Question 26

what are hypertonic solutions

Answer 26

more concentrated than normal body fluids)

Question 27

what do hypertonic solutions

Answer 27

causes water to leave cells by osmosis to equalize the osmolality between interstitial and intracellular compartments.

Question 28

what is the process of water moving across the cell membrane

Answer 28

osmosis

Question 29

What regulates the thirst mechanism?

Answer 29

hypothalamus

Question 30

what is the force of the fluid pressure outward against a surface.

Answer 30

hydrostatic pressure

Question 31

capillary hydrostatic pressure is a relatively what type of force

Answer 31

strong outward-pushing force that helps move fluid from capillaries into the interstitial area