Ch. 18 parenteral medications

Question 1

Parenteral

Answer 1

Is used to indicate medications that are administered by any route other than through the digestive system. However, the term parenteral is commonly used to refer to the administration of medications by injection with the use of a needle and syringe into the body

Question 2

Ampule

Answer 2

Is a sealed glass container designed to hold a single dose of medication. When medication is withdrawn from an ampule, the neck is snapped off by grasping it with an alcohol wipe or sterile gauze and breaking it off. You may have to use a filter needle to with draw medication if required by institutional policy. A filter needle prevents withdrawal of glass or rubber particulate.

Question 3

Vial

Answer 3

Before medication is withdrawn from a vial, the top is wiped with alcohol and allowed to dry. Air equal to the amount of solution being withdrawn is injected into the air space between the solution and the rubber stopper, the vial is inverted, and the desired volume of medication is withdrawn. The vial is a closed system, and air must be injected into it to allow for withdrawal of the medication. If air is not injected into the vial before the medication is withdrawn, a vacuum remains in the vial that makes the withdrawal of medication difficult. When large volumes of solution are to be withdrawn from a vial, a small volume of air is required to initiate the flow of medication.

Question 4

Mix-o-vial

Answer 4

ex. solumedrol and solu-cortef. they come with two compartments separated by a rubber stopper. The top compartement contains the sterile liquid(diluent), and the bottom compartment contains the powdered medication. when you apply pressure to the top of the vial, the rubber stopper is released into the lower compartment thus mixing the solution and medication thereby dissolving the medication.

Question 5

insulin syringe (U-100)

Answer 5

there are two types: Lo-Dose and 1 m L size(100 units equals 1 mL). The Lo-Dose syringe is used to measure small dosages and is 0.5 or 0.3 mL in size. it may be used for patients receiving 50 units or less of U-100 insulin.

Question 6

IM injection

Answer 6

The normal well-developed client can tolerate administration of 4 mL of medication into a well-developed muscle (ex. the gluteus). A volume of 0.5 mL is recommended in the deltoid muscle, depending on the client. Children and older adults should not receive more than 1-2 mL. No more than 1 mL to small children and older infants. Small infants should receive no more than 0.5 mL. Most IM injections do not exceed 2 or 3 mL.

Question 7

Subcutaneous

Answer 7

The volume that can be administered safely in an adult is 0.5-1 mL.