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flashcardlet > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Relay impulses that are poorly localized, burning and persistent
ex: MI, stepping on a nail.

A

C Fibers

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2
Q

An unpleasant, subjective and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

  • whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever they say it does
  • it is not the responsibility of patients to prove they are experiencing this, it is a nurses Responsibility to accept their report
A

Pain

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3
Q

Inhibition of the pain impulse is the fourth and last phase of the nociceptive process

A

Modulation

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4
Q
  • what affects pain expression
  • some believe its natural to be demonstrative about pain
  • others tend to be more introverted
A

Culture

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5
Q

Absence of identifiable physical or psychological cause or pain perceived as excessive for the extent of an organic pathological condition

  • chronic pain
  • CPRS
A

Idiopathic Pain

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6
Q

Pain at the actual site of the tumor or distant to the site

A

Referred pain

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7
Q

Pain that occurs sporadically over an extended period of time

  • episodes last for hours, days or weeks
  • pain R/T sickle cell disease
  • migraine headaches
A

Episodic pain

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8
Q

level of pain a person is willing to accept

A

Pain tolerance

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9
Q

the point at which a person feels pain

-everyone is different

A

Pain threshold

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10
Q

substances that increase pain transmission and cause an inflammatory response
-neurotransmitters involved in pain response

A

substance P
prostraglandins
bradykinin
histamine

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11
Q

substances that decrease pain transmission and produce analgesia

A

serotonin

endorphins

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12
Q

arises from damage to or inflammation of tissue other than of peripheral CNS

  • usually throbbing, aching, localized pain
  • responds to opioids and non opioids
  • somatic(muscle) and visceral(organ)
  • surgical incision that is dull, throbbing and aching
A

nociceptive pain

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13
Q

a state of adaptation that is manifested by a drug class specific withdrawal syndrome produced by abrupt cessation and rapid dose reduction, decreased B/P

A

physical dependence

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14
Q

contributes to venous thrombus formation

  • damage to vessel wall
  • alterations in blood flow
  • alterations n blood constitutes
A

Virchow’s triad

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15
Q 
arises from abnormal or damages pain nerves
-responds to adjuvant meds
-phantom limb 
pain below spinal cord injury 
diabetic neuropathy
-burning shooting or electric like
A

neuropathic pain

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16
Q

a person with chronic pain will seek numerous health care providers to alleviate pain

A

pseudoaddiction

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17
Q

identifies the location and intensity of pain

A

somatosensory cortex

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18
Q

web of hand between thumb and index finger

-influences nerve pathways to the face and head

A

acupressure

19
Q

mental and physical freedom from tension or stress that provides individuals a sense of self control

  • meditation, yoga, zen, guided imagery
  • only teach when patient is not distracted by discomfort
A

relaxation

20
Q
  • sensation of pain extending from initial site to another body part
  • pain feels traveled down and along body
  • intermittent or constant
    ex: low back pain from ruptured disk
A

radiating pain

21
Q

no pain receptors

  • perception of pain in unaffected area
  • sensory neurons into same spinal cord segment from area of pain
  • pain in part of body separate source of pain and assumes characteristics
A

referred pain

22
Q
  • pain resulting from stimulation of skin
  • short duration
  • localized
  • usually sharp sensation
    ex: needle stick, small cut, laceration
A

superficial or cutaneous

23
Q

resulting from stimulation internal organs

  • diffuse/radiates different directions
  • duration varies-last longer in superficial
  • pain is sharp dull or unique to organ involved
  • ex: crushing sensation, burning sensation
A

deep or visceral

24
Q

primarily limbic system determines how a person feels about pain

A

association cortex

25
Q

somatic and visceral free nerve endings of thinly mylinated and unmyelinated fibers
-react to tissue injury but many also be excited by endogenous chemical substances

A

nociceptors

26
Q

lasts longer than 6 months

  • constant or recurring with a mild to severe intensity
  • does not always have an identifiable cause which can lead to personal suffering
  • usually non life threatening
A

chronic pain

27
Q

affective cognitive behavioral spiritual and social dementions
-peripheral neuropathy, arthritis, low back pain, myofascial pain, headache

A

chronic pain

28
Q

protective and has an identifiable cause

  • short duration
  • limited tissue damage and emotional response
  • SNS(flight/fight) tachycardia, anxiety, sweating, muscle tension
A

acute pain/transient

complete pain relief is not always achievable but reducing pain to a tolerable level is realistic
-assess location, severity, and quality

29
Q

what is the physiological process of nociceptive pain?

A
  1. transduction
    2 transmission
  2. perception
  3. modulation
30
Q

inhibition of pain/release of inhibitory neurotransmitters

  • ways to decrease pain with nonpharmocologics
  • release endogenous opioids work to hinder pain and help produce an analgesic effect
A

modulation

31
Q

the patients experience of pain

-the point the person is aware of the pain

A

perception

32
Q

conversion of stimulus into electrical energy

-begins in periphery when pain producing stimulus sends an impulse across nerve fiber initiating action potential

A

transduction

thermal, chemical, and mechanical are stimulus causing pain

33
Q

sending of impulse across a sensory pain nerve fiber(nociceptor)
-where pain impulse begins

A

transmission

34
Q

sends sharp localized and distinct sensations that specify the source of pain and its intensity
ex: stepping on a nail

A

A Fibers

35
Q

what controls the rhythm of the sleep wake cycle?

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus nerve cells in the hypothalamus

36
Q

excessive sleeping without obvious cause

A

hypersomnolence

37
Q

measures eye movement muscle tone changes and brain electrical activity during at least 4 napping opportunities spread throughout the day

A

multiple sleep latency test

38
Q

These neuroregulators are generated from the breakdown of phospholipids cell membranes and is thought to increase sensitivity to pain

A

Prostaglandins

39
Q

This new regulator is released from plasma that leaks from surrounding blood vessels at the site of tissue injury. It binds to receptors on peripheral nerves increasing pain stimuli. Binds to cells that cause a chain reaction producing prostaglandins

A

Bradykinin

40
Q

Found in pain neurons of the dorsal horn. Needed to transmit pain impulses from the periphery to higher brain centers. Causes vasodilation and edema

A

Substance P

41
Q

Produced by mast cells causing capillary dilation and increases capillary permeability

A

Histamine

42
Q

Released from the brainstem and dorsal horn to inhibit pain transmission

A

Serotonin

43
Q

What are some associated symptoms of chronic pain

A

Fatigue insomnia anorexia weight loss apathy hopelessness and anger

44
Q

What is PQRST in relation to pain assessment

A

Palliative or provocative factors: what makes pain better what makes your pain worse.
Quality: how do you describe your pain
Region or radiation: show me where you hurt. does is stay there or does it spread someone else
Severity: on a scale of 1 to 10 how bad is your pain now. What is the worst pain you have had in the last 24 hours. What is the average pain you have had in the past 24 hours.
Timing: is your pain constant intermittent or both and when did it start.

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