Medication Administration Flashcards
taking _____ medications increases risk for polypharmacy
over the counter
a _____ _____ can cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patients harm.
when this occurs the patients safety and well being become tip priority
medication error
the ___ ____ is the ordered dose of medication that the patient receives at one time
unit dose
when receiving a ____ ____ a nurse has up to 90 minutes to administer the medication
now order
instilling fluid into a body cavity where fluid is retained such as eardrops nose drops and into the bladder
instillation
involves injecting medication into body tissues
parenteral medications
____ allows the body to maintain an almost constant level of pain medication
around the clock
the ____ ____ does not change no matter how much medication is given
half life
the ____ ____ is generally drawn 30 minutes before administration of the drug
trough level
the ___ ____ is the level at which toxic effects occur
toxic concentration
the _____ is the plasma level of a medication below which the effect of the medication does not occur
minimum effective concentration
when two medications combined effect is greater thane the effect of the medications given separately
synergistic effect
when one medication modifies the action of another. often occurs when an individual is taking several medications
medication interaction
what is life threatening, characterized by sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx and several wheezing and shortness of breath
anaphylactic reactions
itching of skin and accompanies most rashes
pruritus
raised irregular shaped skin eruptions with varying sizes and shapes. eruptions have reddened margins and pale centers
uticaria
meds sometimes cause unpredictable effects ____ ____ in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction different from normal. not always possible to predict if a patient will have this response
idiosyncratic reaction
when giving a child Benadryl they become agitated and excited instead of drowsy
____, an opioid, antagonist reverses the effects of opioid toxicity
naloxone(narcan)
most metabolism of a drug occurs where? it occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, breakdown, and remove active chemicals.
Liver
medications are metabolized down into what two forms
Less potent or inactive form.
some ____ serve as barriers to passage.
membranes
___ ____ allows only fat soluble medications to pass into the brain and cerebral spinal fluid
blood-brain barrier
fat soluble and non fat soluble agents cross ____ and produce fetal deformity
placenta
what is the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of medication administration
absorption
what is the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, metabolize and exit the body?
pharmacokinetic
the ___ of medications determines routes of administration
ex: tabs, caps, elixirs, suppositories
form
the ___ of medications enhances its absorption and metabolism
composition
a substance that is used in the diagnosis treatment cure relief or prevention of health problems
medication
which route is the slowest route of absorption?
topical/skin
which route is the most rapid route of absorption?
IV
the expected or predicted physiological response that a medication causes
therapeutic effect
toxic levels of ___, an opioid, cause severe respiratory depression and death
morphine
nurses often give ___ by sublingual route
Nitro
the most common form of ____ ____ is decongestant spray or drops used to relieve symptoms of sinus congestions and colds
nasal instillation
____ is a rare fatal complication of metformin
lactic acidosis
the ____ ____ network absorbs medications rapidly
alveolar capillary
what is the safest site for injection.
recommended for volumes greater than 2 mL
involves the gluteus Maximus
ventrogluteal
exposure to ____ ____ is one of the deadliest hazards to nurses and are exposed to on deadly basis
blood borne pathogens
what type of needle is inserted at a 45 degree angle?
25 gauge 5/8 inch
what the combined effect is greater than effect of the medications when given separately
synergistic effect
where are the majority of the medications absorbed?
small intestine
____ disease often interferes with sleep
respiratory disease
what is the treatment/drugs of choice to help with insomnia because of improved efficacy and safety of use
nonbenzodiazepines
what is called when medications sometimes cause unpredicted effects
idiosyncratic reactions
most ___ occurs in the liver.
metabolism
medications are ___ into a less potent or inactive form
metabolized
___ is a rare but potentially fatal complication of metformin
lactic adidosis
what needle is used for 90 degree angle injection in a normal adult
25 gauge 1/2 inch
what is the etiology of type 2 diabetes?
heredity
genetics
obesity
what is the etiology of type 1 diabetes?
it is not well understood
viral
autoimmune
environmental
how can you diagnose diabetes?
fasting blood sugar
random blood glucose
ogtt
what medications produce a calm or soothing effect?
sedatives
the ____ who first develops the medication gives the generic or non propriety name.
manufacturer
how do you treat hypoglycemia?
15 minute rule
1/2 c juice
wait 15 mins
repeat blood glucose if <70 repeat treatment
____ have the most influence over nursing practice by defining the scope of nurses professional functions and responsibilities.
nurse practice act NPA
the ____ ____ of a medication provides an exact description of its composition and molecular structure.
chemical name
medication ___ indicates the effect of the medication on a body system the symptoms the med relieves or its desired effect
classification
the rate and extent of ____ depend on the physical and chemical properties of med and physiology of person taking it.
distribution
after med is absorbed it is ____ with in the body to tissues and organs to site of action.
distributed
the process by which meds exit through the kidneys, liver, bowel, lungs, and exocrine glands.
excretion/elimination
the main organ for excretion is____.
kidneys
predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects produced at a usual therapeutic dose.
-they are either harmless or cause injury
side effects
unintended, undesirable and often unpredicted severe responses to medication.
adverse effect
what develops after prolonged intake of a medication or when a med accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion
toxic effect
small raised vesicles that are usually reddened; often distributed over entire body
rash
inflammation of mucous membranes lining the nose. causes swelling and clear discharge
rhinitis
meds administered ____ enter the bloodstream and act immediately
Intravenously
meds are ordered at various ____ depending on where their response begins, becomes most intense, and ceases
times
what is the highest level of concentration in a medication?
peak level
what is the lowest level of concentration in a medication?
trough level
after the medication reaches its ____ the serum consent falls progressively.
peak
with IV ___ the peak concentration occurs quickly but the serum level also begins to fall immediately.
infusions
the ___ ___ is drawn whenever the drug is expected to reach its peak
peak level
the time it takes for a drug to reach its peak concentration varies depending on the ____ of the med
pharmacokinetic
all medications have a ____ ____ ____ which is the time it takes for excretion process to lower the amount of unchanged meds by half.
biological half life
medications are most effective when they are given ____
around the clock (ATC)
you need to administer ____ ____ meds at a precise time or within 30 mins before or after its scheduled time.
time critical
you administer ___ ____ ___ within 1-2 hours of scheduled time
non time critical
the ____ prescribed for administration of a med depends on the properties and desired effect of the med and the patients physical and mental condition.
route
the ____ ____ is the easiest and most commonly used route for medication administration.
oral route
a med given by the ____ route should not be swallowed because the med does not have desired effect.
sublingual
placing solid meds in mouth against mucous membranes of cheek until dissolved
buccal route
a ____ is a given mass of solid substance dissolved in a known volume of fluid.
solution
when a patient takes two or more meds to treat same illness of came chemical class is called what?
polypharmacy
____ is considered one of the most tolerated and safest analgesics available
Tylenol
what’s a med that would be good for Z track method administration
iron
the trough level is generally drawn ____ before administering the drug.
30 mins
the peak level is drawn ______?
whenever the meds is expected to reach its peak concentration
puffs multiplied times a day=____
____ puffs per day
puffs divided puffs per day=____
____ how many days it will last
as the needle gauge become _____ the diameter becomes _____
smaller
larger
the selection of a needle ____ depends on the viscosity of fluid to be injected
gauge
when mixing meds from both vial and ampule, prepare meds from ____ first
vial
because it is not necessary to add air to withdraw meds from ampule
if you fail to ____ the syringe before injecting an IM med the med may accidentally be injected directly into an artery/vein.
aspirate
select proper injection site by using ____ ____
anatomical landmarks
the sire most frequently recommended for heparin is ____?
abdomen
what site would you use 5/8 inch needle and on who
vastus lateralis
infants, toddlers, children
what site can take 2 mL or less?
deltoid
____ is an injection into a vein
intravenous
mixing ____ ____ in large volumes of fluids is the safest and easiest
IV medications
the IV bolus or ____ is the most dangerous method for administering medications because there is no time to correct errors
push
generally ____ ____ is an effective flush solution to keep IV patent
normal saline
injection into a muscle is ____. use 1-1 1/2 inch needle and inserted at 90 degree angle
intramuscular
injection into the dermis just under the epidermis
intradermal
what type of injection is inserted at a 15 degree angle
intradermal
injection into tissue just below the dermis of the skin
subcutaneous
a patients ___ indicates the depth of the subcutaneous layer
Weight
what injection site do you use a 3/8-5/8 inch needle and insert at a 45-90 degree angle
subcutaneous
What are some examples of medication errors
Inaccurate prescribing, administering the wrong medication, giving medication use the wrong route or time interval, and administering extra doses or failing to administer a medication
What are the factors that influence absorption a the medication.
The routes of administration, ability of the medication to dissolve, blood flow to the site of administration, body surface area, and lipid solubility of medication
Acidic medications pass through the gastric Mucosa at what speed.
Rapidly
Medications that are basic are not absorbed before reaching what part of the GI.
Small intestine
When medication comes in contact with a large surface area, it is absorbed at what rate
Faster rate
Because a cell membrane has a lipid layer, highly lipid soluble medications cross cell membranes at what rate
Easily and are absorbed quickly
