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flashcardlet > Medication Administration > Flashcards

Medication Administration Flashcards

1
Q

taking _____ medications increases risk for polypharmacy

A

over the counter

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2
Q

a _____ _____ can cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patients harm.
when this occurs the patients safety and well being become tip priority

A

medication error

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3
Q

the ___ ____ is the ordered dose of medication that the patient receives at one time

A

unit dose

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4
Q

when receiving a ____ ____ a nurse has up to 90 minutes to administer the medication

A

now order

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5
Q

instilling fluid into a body cavity where fluid is retained such as eardrops nose drops and into the bladder

A

instillation

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6
Q

involves injecting medication into body tissues

A

parenteral medications

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7
Q

____ allows the body to maintain an almost constant level of pain medication

A

around the clock

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8
Q

the ____ ____ does not change no matter how much medication is given

A

half life

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9
Q

the ____ ____ is generally drawn 30 minutes before administration of the drug

A

trough level

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10
Q

the ___ ____ is the level at which toxic effects occur

A

toxic concentration

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11
Q

the _____ is the plasma level of a medication below which the effect of the medication does not occur

A

minimum effective concentration

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12
Q

when two medications combined effect is greater thane the effect of the medications given separately

A

synergistic effect

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13
Q

when one medication modifies the action of another. often occurs when an individual is taking several medications

A

medication interaction

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14
Q

what is life threatening, characterized by sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx and several wheezing and shortness of breath

A

anaphylactic reactions

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15
Q

itching of skin and accompanies most rashes

A

pruritus

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16
Q

raised irregular shaped skin eruptions with varying sizes and shapes. eruptions have reddened margins and pale centers

A

uticaria

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17
Q

meds sometimes cause unpredictable effects ____ ____ in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction different from normal. not always possible to predict if a patient will have this response

A

idiosyncratic reaction

when giving a child Benadryl they become agitated and excited instead of drowsy

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18
Q

____, an opioid, antagonist reverses the effects of opioid toxicity

A

naloxone(narcan)

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19
Q

most metabolism of a drug occurs where? it occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, breakdown, and remove active chemicals.

A

Liver

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20
Q

medications are metabolized down into what two forms

A

Less potent or inactive form.

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21
Q

some ____ serve as barriers to passage.

A

membranes

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22
Q

___ ____ allows only fat soluble medications to pass into the brain and cerebral spinal fluid

A

blood-brain barrier

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23
Q

fat soluble and non fat soluble agents cross ____ and produce fetal deformity

A

placenta

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24
Q

what is the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of medication administration

A

absorption

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25
Q

what is the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, metabolize and exit the body?

A

pharmacokinetic

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26
Q

the ___ of medications determines routes of administration

ex: tabs, caps, elixirs, suppositories

A

form

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27
Q

the ___ of medications enhances its absorption and metabolism

A

composition

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28
Q

a substance that is used in the diagnosis treatment cure relief or prevention of health problems

A

medication

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29
Q

which route is the slowest route of absorption?

A

topical/skin

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30
Q

which route is the most rapid route of absorption?

A

IV

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31
Q

the expected or predicted physiological response that a medication causes

A

therapeutic effect

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32
Q

toxic levels of ___, an opioid, cause severe respiratory depression and death

A

morphine

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33
Q

nurses often give ___ by sublingual route

A

Nitro

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34
Q

the most common form of ____ ____ is decongestant spray or drops used to relieve symptoms of sinus congestions and colds

A

nasal instillation

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35
Q

____ is a rare fatal complication of metformin

A

lactic acidosis

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36
Q

the ____ ____ network absorbs medications rapidly

A

alveolar capillary

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37
Q

what is the safest site for injection.
recommended for volumes greater than 2 mL
involves the gluteus Maximus

A

ventrogluteal

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38
Q

exposure to ____ ____ is one of the deadliest hazards to nurses and are exposed to on deadly basis

A

blood borne pathogens

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39
Q

what type of needle is inserted at a 45 degree angle?

A

25 gauge 5/8 inch

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40
Q

what the combined effect is greater than effect of the medications when given separately

A

synergistic effect

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41
Q

where are the majority of the medications absorbed?

A

small intestine

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42
Q

____ disease often interferes with sleep

A

respiratory disease

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43
Q

what is the treatment/drugs of choice to help with insomnia because of improved efficacy and safety of use

A

nonbenzodiazepines

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44
Q

what is called when medications sometimes cause unpredicted effects

A

idiosyncratic reactions

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45
Q

most ___ occurs in the liver.

A

metabolism

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46
Q

medications are ___ into a less potent or inactive form

A

metabolized

47
Q

___ is a rare but potentially fatal complication of metformin

A

lactic adidosis

48
Q

what needle is used for 90 degree angle injection in a normal adult

A

25 gauge 1/2 inch

49
Q

what is the etiology of type 2 diabetes?

A

heredity
genetics
obesity

50
Q

what is the etiology of type 1 diabetes?

A

it is not well understood
viral
autoimmune
environmental

51
Q

how can you diagnose diabetes?

A

fasting blood sugar
random blood glucose
ogtt

52
Q

what medications produce a calm or soothing effect?

A

sedatives

53
Q

the ____ who first develops the medication gives the generic or non propriety name.

A

manufacturer

54
Q

how do you treat hypoglycemia?

A

15 minute rule
1/2 c juice
wait 15 mins
repeat blood glucose if <70 repeat treatment

55
Q

____ have the most influence over nursing practice by defining the scope of nurses professional functions and responsibilities.

A

nurse practice act NPA

56
Q

the ____ ____ of a medication provides an exact description of its composition and molecular structure.

A

chemical name

57
Q

medication ___ indicates the effect of the medication on a body system the symptoms the med relieves or its desired effect

A

classification

58
Q

the rate and extent of ____ depend on the physical and chemical properties of med and physiology of person taking it.

A

distribution

59
Q

after med is absorbed it is ____ with in the body to tissues and organs to site of action.

A

distributed

60
Q

the process by which meds exit through the kidneys, liver, bowel, lungs, and exocrine glands.

A

excretion/elimination

61
Q

the main organ for excretion is____.

A

kidneys

62
Q

predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects produced at a usual therapeutic dose.
-they are either harmless or cause injury

A

side effects

63
Q

unintended, undesirable and often unpredicted severe responses to medication.

A

adverse effect

64
Q

what develops after prolonged intake of a medication or when a med accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion

A

toxic effect

65
Q

small raised vesicles that are usually reddened; often distributed over entire body

A

rash

66
Q

inflammation of mucous membranes lining the nose. causes swelling and clear discharge

A

rhinitis

67
Q

meds administered ____ enter the bloodstream and act immediately

A

Intravenously

68
Q

meds are ordered at various ____ depending on where their response begins, becomes most intense, and ceases

A

times

69
Q

what is the highest level of concentration in a medication?

A

peak level

70
Q

what is the lowest level of concentration in a medication?

A

trough level

71
Q

after the medication reaches its ____ the serum consent falls progressively.

A

peak

72
Q

with IV ___ the peak concentration occurs quickly but the serum level also begins to fall immediately.

A

infusions

73
Q

the ___ ___ is drawn whenever the drug is expected to reach its peak

A

peak level

74
Q

the time it takes for a drug to reach its peak concentration varies depending on the ____ of the med

A

pharmacokinetic

75
Q

all medications have a ____ ____ ____ which is the time it takes for excretion process to lower the amount of unchanged meds by half.

A

biological half life

76
Q

medications are most effective when they are given ____

A

around the clock (ATC)

77
Q

you need to administer ____ ____ meds at a precise time or within 30 mins before or after its scheduled time.

A

time critical

78
Q

you administer ___ ____ ___ within 1-2 hours of scheduled time

A

non time critical

79
Q

the ____ prescribed for administration of a med depends on the properties and desired effect of the med and the patients physical and mental condition.

A

route

80
Q

the ____ ____ is the easiest and most commonly used route for medication administration.

A

oral route

81
Q

a med given by the ____ route should not be swallowed because the med does not have desired effect.

A

sublingual

82
Q

placing solid meds in mouth against mucous membranes of cheek until dissolved

A

buccal route

83
Q

a ____ is a given mass of solid substance dissolved in a known volume of fluid.

A

solution

84
Q

when a patient takes two or more meds to treat same illness of came chemical class is called what?

A

polypharmacy

85
Q

____ is considered one of the most tolerated and safest analgesics available

A

Tylenol

86
Q

what’s a med that would be good for Z track method administration

A

iron

87
Q

the trough level is generally drawn ____ before administering the drug.

A

30 mins

88
Q

the peak level is drawn ______?

A

whenever the meds is expected to reach its peak concentration

89
Q

puffs multiplied times a day=____

A

____ puffs per day

90
Q

puffs divided puffs per day=____

A

____ how many days it will last

91
Q

as the needle gauge become _____ the diameter becomes _____

A

smaller

larger

92
Q

the selection of a needle ____ depends on the viscosity of fluid to be injected

A

gauge

93
Q

when mixing meds from both vial and ampule, prepare meds from ____ first

A

vial

because it is not necessary to add air to withdraw meds from ampule

94
Q

if you fail to ____ the syringe before injecting an IM med the med may accidentally be injected directly into an artery/vein.

A

aspirate

95
Q

select proper injection site by using ____ ____

A

anatomical landmarks

96
Q

the sire most frequently recommended for heparin is ____?

A

abdomen

97
Q

what site would you use 5/8 inch needle and on who

A

vastus lateralis

infants, toddlers, children

98
Q

what site can take 2 mL or less?

A

deltoid

99
Q

____ is an injection into a vein

A

intravenous

100
Q

mixing ____ ____ in large volumes of fluids is the safest and easiest

A

IV medications

101
Q

the IV bolus or ____ is the most dangerous method for administering medications because there is no time to correct errors

A

push

102
Q

generally ____ ____ is an effective flush solution to keep IV patent

A

normal saline

103
Q

injection into a muscle is ____. use 1-1 1/2 inch needle and inserted at 90 degree angle

A

intramuscular

104
Q

injection into the dermis just under the epidermis

A

intradermal

105
Q

what type of injection is inserted at a 15 degree angle

A

intradermal

106
Q

injection into tissue just below the dermis of the skin

A

subcutaneous

107
Q

a patients ___ indicates the depth of the subcutaneous layer

A

Weight

108
Q

what injection site do you use a 3/8-5/8 inch needle and insert at a 45-90 degree angle

A

subcutaneous

109
Q

What are some examples of medication errors

A

Inaccurate prescribing, administering the wrong medication, giving medication use the wrong route or time interval, and administering extra doses or failing to administer a medication

110
Q

What are the factors that influence absorption a the medication.

A

The routes of administration, ability of the medication to dissolve, blood flow to the site of administration, body surface area, and lipid solubility of medication

111
Q

Acidic medications pass through the gastric Mucosa at what speed.

A

Rapidly

111
Q

Medications that are basic are not absorbed before reaching what part of the GI.

A

Small intestine

111
Q

When medication comes in contact with a large surface area, it is absorbed at what rate

A

Faster rate

112
Q

Because a cell membrane has a lipid layer, highly lipid soluble medications cross cell membranes at what rate

A

Easily and are absorbed quickly

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