digestive system Flashcards
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Stomat/o
Stomatitis- inflammation of the mouth
Or/o
Mouth
Ex.oral- pertaining to the mouth.
Gloss/o
Tongue
Ex. Glossectomy- removal of all or part of the tongue
Lingu/o
Lingual- pertaining to the tongue
Bucc/o
Cheek
Ex. Buccal- pertaining to the cheek
Cheil/o
Lip
Ex. Cheiloplasty(ki-lo-plasty)- surgical repair of a defective lip
Labi/o
Labial- pertaining to the lips, particularly the lips of the mouth
Ondont/o
Orthodontist- dentist who specializes in correcting and preventing irregularities of abnormally positioned or aligned teeth
Gingiv/o
Gum
Ex. Gingivectomy- excision of diseased gingival tissue
Sail
Saliva, salivary gland
Ex. Sailololith- calculus formed in a salivary gland or duct
Pharyngotonsillities
Inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils
Gastralgia(gas-TRAL-je-uh)
Pain in the stomach Aka stomachache
Pylor/o
Pylorus
Ex. Pylorospasm- involuntary contraction of the pyloric sphincter if the stomach, as in pyloric stenosis.
Duoden/o
Duodenum(first part of the small intestine)
Ex. Duodenoscopy- visual examination if the duodenum
Enter/o
Intestine(usually small intestine)
Ex. Enteropathy- disease of the intestine
Jejun/o
Jejunum(second part of small intestine)
Ex. Jejunorraphy- suture of the jejunum
Ile/o
Ileum(third part of the small intestine)
Ex. Ileostomy- creation of an opening between the ileum and the abdominal wall. Usually done to allow feces to discharge into a bag worn on the abdomen
Col/o
Colon
Ex.colostomy- creation of an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall. This creates a place for fecal matter to exit the body other than through the anus
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
Ex. Sigmoidotomy- incision of the sigmoid colon
Proct/o
Anus, rectum
Ex. Proctologist- physician who specializes I’m treating disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus.
An/o
Anus
Ex. Perianal- pertaining to the area around the anus
Hepat/o
Liver
Ex. Hepatomegaly- enlargement of the liver
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
Ex. Pancreatolysis- destruction of the pancreas by Pancreatic enzymes.
Cholangi/o
Bile vessel
Ex. Cholangiole(ko-LAN-je-ol)- small terminal portion of the bile duct
Chol/e
Bile, gall
Ex. Cholelith- gallstone- solid masses composed of bile and cholesterol that form in the gallbladder and common bile duct.
Choledoch/o
Bile duct
Ex.choledochoplasty(ko-led-o-ko-plasty)- surgical repair of the common bile duct.
Orexia
Appetite
Ex. (An)orexia- loss of appetite
Pepsia
Digestion
Ex dyspepsia- epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion
Aerophagia
Swallowing air
aero-air
Prandial
Meal
Ex. Postprandial- following a meal.
Ulcer
A circumscribed open sore, on the skin or mucous membranes within the body.
Peptic ulcer disease
Develops in the parts of the GI tract that are exposed to HCL acid and pepsin, and enzyme secreted in the stomach that begins the digestion of proteins. The strong action of these digestive products can destroy the protective defenses of the mucous membranes of the stomach and duodenum, causing the lining to erode. However, current studies have identified the bacterium helicobacter pylori as leading cause of PUD. The spiral shape of this organism helps it to burrow into the mucosa, weaking it and making it more suceptable to the action of pepsin and HCL.
Ulcerative colitis
A chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum, commonly begins in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extends upward into the entire colon. It is characterized by profuse, watery diarrhea containing varying amount of blood, mucous, and pus.
Hernia
Is a protrusion of any organ, tissue, or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained. There are 6 types of hernias( inguinal, strangulated, umbilical, congenital, diaphragmatic, and hiatal.
Inguinal hernia
Develops in the groin where the abdominal folds of the flesh meet the thighs
Strangulated hernia
If blood supply to the hernia is cut off because of pressure a strangulated hernia may develop leading to necrosis with gangrene.
Umbilical hernia
A protrusion of part of the intestine at the navel. It occurs more commonly in obese women and among this who have had several pregnancies.
Congenital
Hernias also occur in newborn infants or during early childhood.
Herniorrhaphy
Suture of the abdominal wall.
Diaphragmatic hernia
Hernia on the diaphragm
Hiatal hernia
Lower part of the esophagus and the top of the stomach slides through and opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm into the thorax. With this type of hernia, stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, causing heartburn, chest pain, and swallowing difficulty.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)
is a chronic digestive disease that occurs when stomach acid or, occasionally, bile flows back (refluxes) into your food pipe (esophagus).
Ileus( mechanical blockage of the intestine)
Contents of the intestine are prevented from moving forward due to an obstacle or barrier that blocks lumen.
Paralytic ileus
Where parastaltic movement is lacking or absent and contents are no linger propelled through the intestine.
Mechanical obstruction
Include tumors, scar tissues(adhesions)
Volvolus
Intestinal twisting
Intussusceptions
Intestinal telescoping where part of the intestine slips into another part just beneath it.
Hemorrhoids
Enlarged veins In the mucous membrane of the anal canal. Often may bleed,hurt, or itch.
Hepatitis
Is an inflammation condition of the liver. The usual causes include exposure to toxic substances, especially alcohol; obstructions in the bile ducts; metabolic diseases; autoimmune diseases; and bacterial or viral infections. Common forms are: hepatitis a,b,c
Infectious hepatitis
(Hepatitis A) causes for are ingestion of contaminated food, water, or milk.
Serum hepatitis
(Hepatitis B) are usually transmitted by routes other than the mouth(parenteral) such as blood transfusions and sexual contact.
Hepatitis c
1.
a form of hepatitis with clinical effects similar to those of hepatitis B, caused by a blood-borne retrovirus (hepatitis C virus) that may be of the hepatitis non-A, non-B type.
Diverticulosis
Is a condition in which small, blister-like pockets(diverticula) develop in the inner lining of the large intestine and may balloon through the intestinal wall.
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of the diverticula.
jaun·dice
[jawn-dis, jahn-]
Also called icterus. Pathol. yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae of the eyes etc., due to an increase of bile pigments in the blood because the liver is no longer able to remove bilirubin, often symptomatic of certain diseases, as hepatitis.
Gastric adenocarcinoma
The neoplasm nearly always develops from the epithelial or mucosal lining of the stomach in the form of a cancerous glandular tumor
Ascities(uh-siy-tease)
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
It’s associated with cirrhosis of the liver, especially when caused by alcoholism. Failure to produce albumin,which is a protein that regulates osmotic pressure(amount of fluid In the circulatory system), combined with portal hypertension forces fluid to pass(permeate) through the blood vessels and accumulate in the peritoneum.
Cachexia (ka-KEKS-e-uh)
Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer.
Colic
Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain
Dysentery
Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea.
Eructation ( e-ruk-TA-shun)
Producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching.
Flatus
Gas in the GI tract, expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus
Steatorrhea
Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it. It may occur in pancreatic disease when pancreatic enzymes are not sufficient.
Obstipation
Intractable constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
Oral leukoplakia
Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation. It’s a precancerous condition usually associated with pipe or cigarette smoking or I’ll-fitting dentures.
cho·led·o·chos·to·my
[kuh-led-i-kos-tuh-mee, koh-luh-doh-kos-, kol-i-]
1.
formation of a temporary opening through the abdominal wall into the common bile duct, usually to remove stones.
em·py·e·ma
[em-pee-ee-muh, -pahy-]
A collection of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity.
