lymphatic system

Question 0

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

Answer 0

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), also called erythroblastosis fetalis, is a blood disorder that occurs when the blood types of a mother and baby are incompatible

Question 1

Diapedesis

Answer 1

When WBC’s migrate through endothelial walls of capillaries and venules and enter tissue spaces. They then initiate inflammation and the immune response if they encounter sites of injury or infection.

Question 2

Resistance

Answer 2

Includes physical barriers (skin and mucous membranes) and chemical and cellular barriers( tears, saliva, gastric juices, and neutrophils). Since these barriers are present since birth, they are called innate barriers.

Question 3

Aquired immune response

Answer 3

This form of resistance develops throughout life as a result of exposure to one disease after another. With each exposure, the immune system of an immunocompetent individual identifies the invading antigen, musters a unique response to destroy it, and then retreats with a memory of both the invader and the method of destruction. When that same invader comes around the immune system is armed and ready to destroy it before it

Question 4

Humoral immunity

Answer 4

Protects primarily against extracellular antigens, such as bacteria and viruses that have not yet entered a cell.

Question 5

Cellular immunity

Answer 5

protects against intracellular antigens such as viruses and cancer cells.

Question 6

Aden/o

Answer 6

Gland
Ex. Adenoid-resembling a gland
-oid: resembling

Question 7

Agglutin/o

Answer 7

Clumping, gluing

Ex. Agglutination(a-gloo-ti-NA- shun)- process of clumping

Question 8

Blast/o

Answer 8

Embryonic cell
Ex. Erythroblastosis- abnormal increase of embryonic red cells. It’s a potentially fatal disease of newborns occurring when a blood incompatibility exists between mother and fetus.

Question 9

Eosin/o

Answer 9

Dawn(rose-colored)

Ex. Eosinophil- attraction for rose colored

Question 10

Hematoma

Answer 10

Is a mass of extravasated, usually clotted blood caused by a break or leak in a blood vessel. It may be found in any organ, tissue, or space within the body.

Question 11

Kary/o

Answer 11

Nucleus

Ex. Karyolysis- destruction of the nucleus. Results in cell death.

Question 12

Lymphaden/o

Answer 12

Lymph gland(node)
Ex. Lymphadenopathy- disease of the lymph nodes. Characterized by changes in the size, consistency, or number of lymph nodes.

Question 13

Lymphangi/o

Answer 13

Lymph vessel

Ex. Lymphangioma- tumor (composed of) lymph vessels

Question 14

Myel/o

Answer 14

Bone marrow, spinal cord
Ex. Myelogenic- relating to the origin in bone marrow. Granulocytes are formed in the bone marrow and are thus considered myelogenic.

Question 15

Neutr/o

Answer 15

Neutral neither

Ex. Neutrophilic- is a leukocyte whose granules stain easily with neutral dyes.

Question 16

Plas/o

Answer 16

Formation, growth

Ex. Aplastic- pertaining to failure to form

Question 17

Poikil/o

Answer 17

Varied, irregular

Ex. Poikilocyte(POY-kil-o-site)- cell that is irregular or varied (in shape-morphology)

Question 18

Reticul/o

Answer 18

Net,mesh
Ex. Reticulocyte- is an immature erythrocyte that contains strands of nuclear material. This material appears as a tiny net when observed microscopically

Question 19

Ser/o

Answer 19

Serum

Question 20

-graft

Answer 20

Transplantation
Ex. Autograft- self transplantation. Is a surgical transplantation of tissue from one location of the body to another in the same individual.
Auto:self

Question 21

-penia

Answer 21

Decrease,deficiency

Ex. Erythropenia- abnormal decrease in red( erythroCYTOpenia is abnormal decrease in red blood cells)

Question 22

-phoresis

Answer 22

Carrying, transmission
Ex. Electrophoresis- carrying an electric charge. Is a laboratory technique used to separate proteins based on their electrical charge, size, and shape. It’s a commonly employed technique used in DNA testing

Question 23

-phylaxis

Answer 23

Protection
Ex. Anaphylaxis- against protection. Is an exaggerated life threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen.
Ana: against

Question 24

Allo-

Answer 24

Other, differing from the normal
Ex. Allograft: a tissue or organ obtained from one member of a species and grafted to a genetically dissimilar member of the same species.

Question 25

Aniso-

Answer 25

Unequal,dissimilar
Ex. Anisocytosis- abnormal increase on cells that are unequal. It is a physical condition in which the red blood cells of a person are found to be of unequal size. This normally happens when the patient suffers from Anaemia, Thalassemia or any other disorder of blood cells. When blood is tested in such cases, the cells are found to be of different sizes.

Question 26

Hypochromasia

Answer 26

Abnormally low amount of hemoglobin.

Question 27

Anemia

Answer 27

Is any condition In which the oxygen carrying capacity of blood is deficient.

Question 28

Aplastic anemia

Answer 28

severe anemia due to destruction or depressed functioning of the bone marrow, usually resulting from bone cancer, radiation, or the toxic effects of certain drugs or chemicals.

Question 29

Folic-acid deficiency anemia

Answer 29

Folic acid deficiency anemia happens when your body does not get enough folic acid. Folic acid is one of the B vitamins, and it helps your body make new cells, including new red blood cells

Question 30

Hemolytic anemia

Answer 30

an anemic condition characterized by the destruction of red blood cells: seen in some drug reactions and in certain infectious and hereditary disorders.

Question 31

Pernicious anemia

Answer 31

1.
a severe anemia caused by the diminution or absence of stomach acid secretion, with consequent failure of the gastric mucosa to secrete the intrinsic factor necessary for the absorption of vitamin B 1 2 , characterized by a great reduction in the number of red blood cells and an increase in their size.

Question 32

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 32

Sickle cell disease changes normal, round red blood cells into cells that can be shaped like crescent moons. The name “sickle cell” comes from the crescent shape of the cells. Normal red blood cells move easily through your blood vessels, taking oxygen to every part of your body. But sickled cells can get stuck and block blood vessels, which stops the oxygen from getting through. That can cause a lot of pain. It can also harm organs, muscles, and bones.

Question 33

Sensitization

Answer 33

Initial exposure to allergen

Question 34

Urticaria

Answer 34

Hives, also known as urticaria, are an outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps, patches, or welts on the skin that appear suddenly – either as a result of allergies, or for other reasons.

Question 35

Sider/o

Answer 35

Iron

Ex. Sideropenia- usually results from inadequate iron uptake or from hemorrhage.

Question 36

Indurated

Answer 36

Hardened

Question 37

Desensitization

Answer 37

Reduces the sensitivity of the patient to the offending allergen.

Question 38

Autoimmunity

Answer 38

Failure of the body to distinguish accurately between self and nonself. In this abnormal response, the immune system attacks the antigens found on its own cells so such an extent that tissue injury results. Types of autoimmune disorders range from those that affect only a single organ to those that are multisystemic.

Question 39

Hemophilia

Answer 39

In hemophilia, blood does not clot properly. This usually happens because your body does not have enough of a certain kind of clotting factor. There are two main types of hemophilia:

Hemophilia A is caused by a lack of active clotting factor VIII (8). About 1 out of every 5,000 male babies is born with hemophilia A.
Hemophilia B (Christmas disease) is caused by a lack of active clotting factor IX (9). It is less common and affects 1 out of 30,000 male babies. Hemophilia A and B are caused by a flaw in a pair of chromosomes. This flaw affects how much clotting factor a person has and how well it works.

With acquired hemophilia, clotting factors don’t work right because the body makes antibodies that attack them.

Question 40

Infectious mononucleosis

Answer 40

Mono is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is most often seen in adolescents and young adults. Children can get the virus, but it often goes unnoticed because their symptoms are mild. Older adults usually do not get mono, because they have immunity to the virus. Mono can be spread through contact with saliva, mucus from the nose and throat, and sometimes tears. Because the virus can be spread through kissing, it has earned the nickname the “kissing disease.”

Question 41

Leukemia

Answer 41

Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells. It starts in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside most bones. Bone marrow is where blood cells are made.

When you are healthy, your bone marrow makes:

White blood cells, which help your body fight infection.
Red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all parts of your body.
Platelets, which help your blood clot.
When you have leukemia, the bone marrow starts to make a lot of (proliferate) abnormal white blood cells called leukemia cells. They don’t do the work of normal white blood cells, they grow faster than normal cells, and they don’t stop growing when they should. Over time, leukemia cells can crowd out the normal blood cells. This can lead to serious problems such as anemia, bleeding, and infections. Leukemia cells can also spread to the lymph nodes or other organs and cause swelling or pain.

There are several different types of leukemia. In general, leukemia is grouped by how fast it gets worse and what kind of white blood cell it affects.

It may be acute or chronic. Acute leukemia gets worse very fast and may make you feel sick right away. Chronic leukemia gets worse slowly and may not cause symptoms for years.
It may be lymphocytic or myelogenous. Lymphocytic (or lymphoblastic) leukemia affects white blood cells called lymphocytes. Myelogenous leukemia affects white blood cells called myelocytes that come bone marrow.

Question 42

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 42

Autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction. Muscles of the limbs and eyes and those affecting speech and swallowing are usually involved.

Question 43

Nephroliths

Answer 43

Renal calculi form because of Uric acid crystals collecting in the kidney.