Stroke Flashcards
What is extrinsic changes to the blood vessel
When it embolism travels to from the heart or carotid artery
What are intrinsic changes in the blood vessel.
Atherosclerosis, inflammation, arterial dissection, dilation of the vessel, weakening of the vessel, obstruction of the vessel
Total cessation of blood flow produces irreversible brain infarction within how many minutes
3 minutes.
What are some complications of stroke include
Unstable blood pressure, sensory and motor impairments, infection (encephalitis), pneumonia, contractures, and pulmonary emboli.
What are the primary causes of stroke
Thrombosis embolism and hemorrhage
What is the most common cause of the stroke
Cerebral thrombosis ( blood clot obstructing a cerebral vessel)
What are the most common blood vessels involved in a stroke
The carotid arteries of the neck and the arteries in the vertebrobasilar system at the base of the brain near the circle of Willis
What are TIAs
Transient ischemic attacks which are temporary episodes ( 10 to 30 minutes) of poor cerebral perfusion caused by partial occlusion of the arterial lumen
What is a stroke in evolution
Thrombotic stroke that causes a slow evolution of symptoms over several hours
What risk factors thought to cause blood vessel changes that cause vessel walls to be more susceptible to rupture and hemorrhage
Elevated low-density lipoprotein and lowered high-density lipoprotein levels, cigarette smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle
Hemorrhage stroke results from what.
Hypertension rupture of an aneurysm arteriovenous malformations and or bleeding disorder
Stroke affects which gender more
Men slightly more often than women
Which race has a 2.5 times higher rate of stroke because of the higher incidence of hypertension among this race
African-Americans
What is the inability to recognize familiar objects or persons through sensory stimuli
Agnosia
What are speech difficulties such as an inability to understand language or express language called
Aphasia
What is a medical term for poorly articulated speech
Dysarthria
A form of speech impairment is called what
Dysphasia
When a patient loses the ability to comprehend written words is called what
Alexia
What a patient has lost the ability to read written words
Dyslexia
When a patient has lost the ability to write
Agraphia
What is the medical term for blindness in the right or left halves of the visual fields of both eyes
Homonymous hemianopia
Drooping of the eyelids
Ptosis
What are the signs and symptoms of a posterior cerebral artery stroke
Visual field deficits, sensory impairments; reading difficulty dyslexia; cortical blindness resulting from ischemia in the occipital area; paralysis rarely
What are the signs and symptoms of a vertebral or Basilar artery stroke
Numbness around the lips and mouth; dizziness; weakness of the affected side; vision deficits such as colorblindness; lack of depth perception; diplopia; poor coordination; dysphagia; slurred speech; amnesia; staggering gait (ataxia)
What are the signs and symptoms of an internal carotid artery stroke
Headache; weakness; paralysis; numbness; sensory changes; vision disturbances blurring in the affected side or blindness; altered level of consciousness; bruits over the carotid artery; aphasia; dysphasia; ptosis.
What are the signs and symptoms of a stroke coming from the middle cerebral artery
Aphasia, dysphasia, dyslexia, visual field deficits; hemiparesis on the affected side more severe in the face and arm then in the legs
What is the medical term for the inability to move the muscles
Akinesia
What is the medical term for the inability to perform purposeful acts or manipulate objects
Apraxia
What is the medical term for poor coordination, impairment of voluntary movement
Dyskinesia
Muscular weakness or partial paralysis affecting one side of the body
Hemiparesis
And left hemisphere stroke there’s likely to be what signs and symptoms
Loss of language ability all the memory maybe intact
In right hemisphere stroke patients are often what
Confused and disoriented but the ability to speak remains
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator can improve outcome for some patients with acute non-hemorrhagic ischemic stroke if it is given within how many hours of the onset of symptoms
3 hours
Why would you want to strengthen the unaffected side of the stroke patient
It assists the patient in compensating for the losses of the opposite hemisphere
What are some contraindications to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Duration of stroke for more than three hours, recent surgery, head injury or gastrointestinal/urinary hemorrhage, seizure at stroke onset, bleeding disorder, and hypertension
What is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.
It’s a thrombolytic. It activates the fibrinolytic system by directly cleaving the bonds in plasminogen producing plasmin; increases perfusion to ischemic areas.
Why do you want to elevate the head of the bed to 30° in a stroke patient
To maintain a patent airway and promote Pulmonary drainage and limit upper airway obstruction
What would you put on the patient to promote venous return and to help prevent phlebitis
Use compression boots
To Prevent aspiration pneumonia in stroke patients what are some independent interventions the nurse would do
Assess their ability to handle solids and liquids, keep a suction machine nearby while feeding the patient. Patient has difficulty with liquids use thicken fluids.
