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flashcardlet > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

0
Q

What is extrinsic changes to the blood vessel

A

When it embolism travels to from the heart or carotid artery

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1
Q

What are intrinsic changes in the blood vessel.

A

Atherosclerosis, inflammation, arterial dissection, dilation of the vessel, weakening of the vessel, obstruction of the vessel

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2
Q

Total cessation of blood flow produces irreversible brain infarction within how many minutes

A

3 minutes.

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3
Q

What are some complications of stroke include

A

Unstable blood pressure, sensory and motor impairments, infection (encephalitis), pneumonia, contractures, and pulmonary emboli.

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4
Q

What are the primary causes of stroke

A

Thrombosis embolism and hemorrhage

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of the stroke

A

Cerebral thrombosis ( blood clot obstructing a cerebral vessel)

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6
Q

What are the most common blood vessels involved in a stroke

A

The carotid arteries of the neck and the arteries in the vertebrobasilar system at the base of the brain near the circle of Willis

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7
Q

What are TIAs

A

Transient ischemic attacks which are temporary episodes ( 10 to 30 minutes) of poor cerebral perfusion caused by partial occlusion of the arterial lumen

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8
Q

What is a stroke in evolution

A

Thrombotic stroke that causes a slow evolution of symptoms over several hours

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9
Q

What risk factors thought to cause blood vessel changes that cause vessel walls to be more susceptible to rupture and hemorrhage

A

Elevated low-density lipoprotein and lowered high-density lipoprotein levels, cigarette smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle

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10
Q

Hemorrhage stroke results from what.

A

Hypertension rupture of an aneurysm arteriovenous malformations and or bleeding disorder

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11
Q

Stroke affects which gender more

A

Men slightly more often than women

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12
Q

Which race has a 2.5 times higher rate of stroke because of the higher incidence of hypertension among this race

A

African-Americans

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13
Q

What is the inability to recognize familiar objects or persons through sensory stimuli

A

Agnosia

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14
Q

What are speech difficulties such as an inability to understand language or express language called

A

Aphasia

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15
Q

What is a medical term for poorly articulated speech

A

Dysarthria

16
Q

A form of speech impairment is called what

A

Dysphasia

17
Q

When a patient loses the ability to comprehend written words is called what

A

Alexia

18
Q

What a patient has lost the ability to read written words

A

Dyslexia

19
Q

When a patient has lost the ability to write

A

Agraphia

20
Q

What is the medical term for blindness in the right or left halves of the visual fields of both eyes

A

Homonymous hemianopia

21
Q

Drooping of the eyelids

A

Ptosis

22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a posterior cerebral artery stroke

A

Visual field deficits, sensory impairments; reading difficulty dyslexia; cortical blindness resulting from ischemia in the occipital area; paralysis rarely

23
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a vertebral or Basilar artery stroke

A

Numbness around the lips and mouth; dizziness; weakness of the affected side; vision deficits such as colorblindness; lack of depth perception; diplopia; poor coordination; dysphagia; slurred speech; amnesia; staggering gait (ataxia)

24
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of an internal carotid artery stroke

A

Headache; weakness; paralysis; numbness; sensory changes; vision disturbances blurring in the affected side or blindness; altered level of consciousness; bruits over the carotid artery; aphasia; dysphasia; ptosis.

25
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a stroke coming from the middle cerebral artery

A

Aphasia, dysphasia, dyslexia, visual field deficits; hemiparesis on the affected side more severe in the face and arm then in the legs

26
Q

What is the medical term for the inability to move the muscles

A

Akinesia

27
Q

What is the medical term for the inability to perform purposeful acts or manipulate objects

A

Apraxia

28
Q

What is the medical term for poor coordination, impairment of voluntary movement

A

Dyskinesia

29
Q

Muscular weakness or partial paralysis affecting one side of the body

A

Hemiparesis

30
Q

And left hemisphere stroke there’s likely to be what signs and symptoms

A

Loss of language ability all the memory maybe intact

31
Q

In right hemisphere stroke patients are often what

A

Confused and disoriented but the ability to speak remains

32
Q

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator can improve outcome for some patients with acute non-hemorrhagic ischemic stroke if it is given within how many hours of the onset of symptoms

A

3 hours

33
Q

Why would you want to strengthen the unaffected side of the stroke patient

A

It assists the patient in compensating for the losses of the opposite hemisphere

34
Q

What are some contraindications to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator

A

Duration of stroke for more than three hours, recent surgery, head injury or gastrointestinal/urinary hemorrhage, seizure at stroke onset, bleeding disorder, and hypertension

35
Q

What is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.

A

It’s a thrombolytic. It activates the fibrinolytic system by directly cleaving the bonds in plasminogen producing plasmin; increases perfusion to ischemic areas.

36
Q

Why do you want to elevate the head of the bed to 30° in a stroke patient

A

To maintain a patent airway and promote Pulmonary drainage and limit upper airway obstruction

37
Q

What would you put on the patient to promote venous return and to help prevent phlebitis

A

Use compression boots

38
Q

To Prevent aspiration pneumonia in stroke patients what are some independent interventions the nurse would do

A

Assess their ability to handle solids and liquids, keep a suction machine nearby while feeding the patient. Patient has difficulty with liquids use thicken fluids.

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