urology

Question 0

Meat/o

Answer 0

Opening, meatus
Ex. Meatotomy- incision of the meatus. It’s performed to relieve stenosis of the urethra, which may inhibit the proper passage of urine or semen.

Question 1

Cyst/o

Vesic/o

Answer 1

Bladder
Exs. Cystoscope- instrument for examining the bladder
Vesicocele- hernia of the bladder; also called cytocele. With a vesicocele, the bladder herniates into the vaginal wall, which may lead to incomplete emptying of the bladder.

Question 2

Nephropexy

Answer 2

Fixation of the kidney

Question 3

Pyel/o

Answer 3

Renal pelvis

Ex. Pyeloplasty- surgical repair of the renal pelvis.

Question 4

Ureterectasis (u-re-ter-EK-ta-sis)

Answer 4

Dilation of the ureter

Question 5

Andr/o

Answer 5

Male
Ex. Androgenic- pertaining to maleness. Androgenic hormones include all natural or synthetic compounds that stimulate or maintain male characteristics. The most common kind is testosterone.

Question 6

Balan/o

Answer 6

Glans penis

Ex. Balanoplasty- surgical repair of the glans penis.

Question 7

Epididym/o

Answer 7

Epididymis

Ex. Epididymotomy (Ep-e-did-I-MOT-o-me)- incision of the Epididymis

Question 8

Orch/o

Answer 8

Testis(plural testes)

Ex. Orchitis (or-KI-tis) inflammation of the testes. Common cause for this is the mumps infection.

Question 9

Orchi/o

Answer 9

Ex. Orchialgia (or-ke-AL-je-a) pain in the testes.

Question 10

Orchid/o

Answer 10

Ex. Orchidoptosis (or-kid-op-TO-sis)- downward displacement of the testes

Question 11

Perine/o

Answer 11

Perineum(area between scrotum [or vulva in the female] and anus).
Ex. Perineal- pertaining to the perineum

Question 12

Spermat/o

Answer 12

Spermatozoa (sperm cells)

Ex. Spermatocele- swelling containing spermatozoa. Usually an epididymal cyst commonly containing sperm.

Question 13

Varic/o

Answer 13

Dilated vein
Ex. Varicocele- swelling of a dilated vein. Varicoceles are enlarged varicose veins that occur in the scrotum. They are fairly common, affecting 15% of men overall and 40% of men with known infertility.Varicoceles occur most often in the left testicle.

Question 14

Vas/o

Answer 14

Vessel;vas deferens; duct
Ex. Vasectomy-removal of(all or part of) the as deferens. Bilateral vasectomy is a surgical procedure sterility in the male.

Question 15

Azot/o

Answer 15

Nitrogenous compounds
Ex. Azotemia(az-o-TE-me-a) nitrogenous compounds (such urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia) in the blood. If not removed from the body, especially urea, death will result.

Question 16

Crypt/o

Answer 16

Hidden
Ex. Cryptorchidism(kript-OR-kid-izm)- condition of hidden testes. It’s the failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum; usually a congenital disorder.

Question 17

Kal/i

Answer 17

Potassium (an electrolyte)
Ex. Hypokalemia- abnormally low concentration of potassium in the blood. It may result from excessive urination, which depletes potassium from the body.

Question 18

Keton/o

Answer 18

Ketone bodies (acids and acetones)
Ex. Ketonuria- presence of ketone bodies in the urine. Ketonuria is commonly found in diabetes mellitus, starvation, and excessive dieting.

Question 19

Noct/o

Answer 19

Night
Ex. Nocturia (nok-TU-re-a)- excessive and frequent urination after going to bed. It’s associated with prostate disease, urinary tract infection, and uncontrolled diabetes.

Question 20

Olig/o

Answer 20

Scanty

Ex. Oligospermia- scanty ( a sign of decreased production) of sperm.

Question 21

Py/o

Answer 21

Pus

Ex. Pyorrhea- flow or discharge of pus.

Question 22

-spadias

Answer 22

Slit, fissure
Ex. Hypospadias (hi-po-SPA-de-as) a fissure under the penis. It’s a congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the glans penis instead of the tip.

Question 23

Retroperitoneal

Answer 23

Pertaining to ( the area) behind the peritoneum.

Question 24

Pyelonephritis(py·e·lo·ne·phri·tis)

Answer 24

Bacteria invade the renal pelvis and kidney tissue, commonly as a result of a bladder infection that has ascended to the kidney via the ureters.

Question 25

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 25

One of the most common causes of glomerular inflammation is a reaction to the toxins given off by pathogenic bacteria, especially streptococci that have recently infected another part of the body, usually the throat. It’s also associated with diabetes and autoimmune diseases.

Question 26

Colic

Answer 26

paroxysmal pain in the abdomen or bowels.

Question 27

Cystitis

Answer 27

Bladder infection. inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Question 28

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 28

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs in almost all men as they age. The enlargement is usually harmless, but it often results in problems urinating. Urine that remains in the bladder commonly becomes a breeding ground for bacteria.

Question 29

Ischemic acute tubular necrosis

Answer 29

The tubular portion of the nephron is injured by a decrease in the blood supply or after ingestion of toxic chemicals(nephrotoxic ATN)

Question 30

Enuresis

Answer 30

Involuntary discharge of urine also called incontinence. If it occurs during the night it’s called nocturnal enuresis.

Question 31

Fistula

Answer 31

Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another. The most common type of urinary fistula is the vesicovaginal fistula where communication occurs between the bladder and vagina. It causes include previous pelvic surgery such as hysterectomy, difficult and prolonged labor, or reduced blood supply to the area.

Question 32

Hydronephrosis

Answer 32

Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract. It’s mostly caused by BPH, urethral strictures, and calculi that lodge in the ureter and cause an obstruction. The pressure impairs, and may eventually interrupt, kidney function.

Question 33

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer 33

Loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually, albumin by way of urine due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. Hypoproteinemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia are commonly associated with nephrotic syndrome.

Question 34

Oliguria(ol-ig-U-re-uh)

Answer 34

Diminished capacity to form and pass urine, resulting in inefficient excretion of the end products of metabolism. It’s usually caused by fluid and electrolyte imbalances, renal lesions, or urinary tract obstruction.

Question 35

Hydrocele

Answer 35

Accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, especially the testes and associated structures. It’s common in male newborns but usually resolves within the first year.