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Evan's Step 1 Prep Material > Virology EC > Flashcards

Virology EC Flashcards

1
Q

Recombination

A

Exchange of genes between two chromosomes (crossing over)

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2
Q

Reassortment

A

Exchanging segments in segmented genomes (flu virus)

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3
Q

Complementation

A

One virus makes nonfunctional protein, other virus makes a protein that serves both

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4
Q

Phenotypic mixing

A

Simultaneous infection of a cell by 2 viruses results in one virus being coated by the other.

Progeny will not have new coat because not coded for in genome.

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5
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A

“Live! see SMALL YELLOW CHICKENS get vaccinated with Sabin’s and MMR” (+intranasal flu)

Smallpox
Yellow fever
Chickenpox (VZV)
Sabin's polio
MMR
Influenza (nasal)
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6
Q

Killed vaccines

A

“RIP Always”

Rubella
Influenza (injected)
Polio (Salk)
HAV

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7
Q

Recombinant vaccines

A

HBV (recombinant HBsAg)

HPV (types 6,11,16,18)

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8
Q

Positive stranded RNA viruses

A

“i went to a RETRO TOGA party, where i drank FLAVored CORONA and ate HIPPY (hepevirus) CALIfornia (calicivirus) PICkles (picornavirus)

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9
Q

Naked viral genome infectivity

A

dsDNA and + ssRNA

-ssRNA require polymerases in complete virion

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10
Q

Where do DNA and RNA viruses replicate?

A

DNA=nucleus (ex. pox)

RNA=cytoplasm (ex flu/retro)

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11
Q

Naked viruses

A

“give PAPP smears and CPR to a NAKED HEPpy”

Papilloma
Adeno
Picorna
Polyoma
Calci
Parvo
Reo
Hepe
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12
Q

What are the DNA viruses?

A

HHAPPPPy

Hepadna
Herpes
Adeno
Pox
Parvo
Papilloma
Polyoma
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13
Q

HSV-1

A

Herpes labialis
Temporal lobe encephalitis

Latent in trigeminal ganglia

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14
Q

HSV-2

A 
Herpes genitalis (painful genital lesions)
Neonatal herpes

Latent in sacral ganglia

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15
Q

VZV

A

Chickenpox/Shingles
Encephalitis
Pneumonia

Latent in dorsal root/trigeminal ganglia

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16
Q

EBV

A

Mononucleosis
Burkitt’s/Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Fever, hepatospenomegaly, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy

Atypical lymphocytes “hugging” RBCs reactive T cells (not infected B cells)

Latent in B cells

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17
Q

CMV

A

Congenital infection
Mononucleosis
Pneumonia
Retinitis

“owl eye inclusions”

Latent in mononuclear cells

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18
Q

HHV-6

A

Roseola

High fevers
Seizures
Diffuse macular rash

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19
Q

HHV-8

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma (HIV patients)

Sexual contact

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20
Q

HSV identification

A

“Tzanck heavens I don’t have herpes”

Tzanck test

PCR test of choice

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21
Q

Monospot test

A

Tests for EBV

Heterophile antibodies w/ agglutination of sheep/horse RBCs

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22
Q

Coltivirus

A

a Reovirus

causes Colorado tick fever

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23
Q

Rotavirus

A

“ROTAvirus= Right Out The Anus”

a Reovirus

Fatal diarrhea in children (villous destruction leads to decreased NA and K absorption)

During winter, day-care centers

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24
Q

What are the Picornaviruses?

A

PERCH

Polio
Echo
Rhino
Coxackie
HAV
25
Poliovirus
Affects nerves, paralysis Salk (killed) or Sabin (live) vaccine
26
Echovirus
Aseptic meningitis
27
Rhinovirus
Common cold Acid labile (destroyed by stomach)
28
Coxsackievirus
Hand foot and mouth disease Aseptic meningitis Herpangina (Mouth blisters, fever) Myocarditis
29
Norovirus
Gastroenteritis
30
Yellow fever
Flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquito High fever, Jaundice, Block vomit
31
Flaviviruses
``` HCV Yellow fever Dengue St. Louis encephalitis West nile ```
32
Rubella virus
Togavirus ``` Fever Postauricular adenopathy Lymphadenopathy Arthralgias Truncal rash starts at head and moves down ``` ToRCHeS infection
33
Coronavirus
Common cold
34
Parainfluenza
Paramyxovirus Croup "Seal-like" barking cough
35
RSV
Bronchiolitis in babies
36
Paramyxoviruses
PaRaMyxovirus Parainfluenza RSV Measles Mumps All contain F-protein which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells
37
Measles
Koplik spots in mouth Descending maculopappular rash Encephalitis Giant cell pneumonia Rash spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (dif. from rubella)
38
Mumps
Parotitis Orchitis Meningitis
39
Rabies
Bullet Shaped NEGRI BODIES in purkinje cells of cerebellum Migrate up to CNS via retrograde transport up axons Agitation --> photophobia --> hydrophobia --> paralysis --> coma --> death Skunk, bat, raccoon
40
Which hepatitis viruses are fecal-oral
hAv and hEv "the VOWELS hit your BOWELS" Naked viruses do not rely on envelope so are not destroyed by the gut
41
HAV
Asymptomatic (usually) Acute Alone (no one carries) Fecal-oral RNA picorna Incubation: Short
42
HBV
Parentral, Sexual, Maternal-fetal Has own DNA-dependent polymerase that makes full double stranded DNA Host makes proteins from this DNA Integrates into host genome (acts as oncogene) Incubation: Long
43
HCV
Chronic Cirrhosis Carcinoma Carrier Primarily blood (IV drug use, post-transfusion [before 1992]) Incubation: Long
44
HDV
Defective virus Dependent on HBV Parentral, sexual, maternal-fetal Superinfection if already infected with HBV Long term if co-infected with HBV/HDV
45
HEV
Enteric Expectant mothers (high mortality) Epidemic Waterborne epidemics Incubation: Short
46
Anti-HAV IgM
active hep A
47
Anti HAV IgG
Prior HAV infection/immunization (protective)
48
HBsAg
Active hep B Anti-HBs= immunity
49
HBeAg
High infectivity w/ active infection Anti-HBe = low infectivity
50
Acute HBV markers
HBsAg HBeAg HBc (IgM)
51
Window period of HBV infection markers
anti-HBe HBc (IgM)
52
Chronic HBV markers
HBsAg HBeAg (High infectivity) Anti-HBeAg (low infectivity) Anti HBc (IgG)
53
Recovery from HBV markers
Anti HBs Anti HBe Anti HBc (IgG)
54
Immunized from HBV markers
And HBs
55
env HIV gene
Codes for: gp120: attachment to CD4+ T cells (binds CCR5 early, CXCR4 late) gp41: fusion and entry into T cells
56
gag (p24) HIV gene
Codes for: capsid protein
57
pol HIV gene
Codes for: Reverse transcriptase Aspartate protease Integrase
58
CCR5 mutation and HIV
Homozygous=immunity Heterozygous=slower course
59
HIV diagnostic tests
Initial w/ ELISA (sensitive) + ELISA followed up w/ Western Blot (Specific) PCR for viral load AIDS diagnosis: < 1.5

Evan's Step 1 Prep Material (72 decks)

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