Metabolic fuels and precursors EC Flashcards
Why are intracellular carbohydrates phosphorylated?
To keep them from diffusing out of the cell
Which isomer are most human sugars?
D isomer
What are reducing sugars?
Open chain forms that allow carbonyl group to react with reducing agents
Glucuronic acid
Reacts with unconjugated bilirubin to form conjugated
Component of GAGs (glycosaminoglycans)
Sorbital derived damage in diabetes
Lens (cataracts)
Schwann cells (peripheral neuropathy)
Pericytes (retinopathy)
Maltose
Glucose + Glucose
Lactose
Glucose + Galactose
Sucrose
Glucose + Fructose
Monosacharides
Glucose, Fructose, Ribose
“GFR”
Disaccharides
Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
“MLS”
Essential fatty acids
Linoleic acid (18C) Linolenic acid (18C)
Carnitine shuttle
Moves long chain fatty acids from cytosol to mitochondria
deficiency results in nonketotic hypoglycemia
Corticosteroids effect on phospholipids
Inhibit phospholipase A2, inhibit arachadonic acid release
Gly (glycine)
Smallest amino acid
Inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord
Synthesis of heme
Abundant in collagen
Ala (alanine)
Alanine cycle during fasting: major substrate for gluconeogenesis