Upper Extremity Nerves EC Flashcards

1
Q

Axillary nerve (roots, typical injury, sign, muscles innervated)

A

C5-6

Fractures surgical neck of humerus
Dislocation of humeral head

Atrophied deltoid

Deltoid, Triceps longhead, teres minor

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2
Q

Radial nerve (roots, typical injury, sign, muscles innervated)

A

C5-T1

Fractures midshaft humerus
“Saturday Night palsy”/Incorrect use of crutches

Wrist drop

BEST: Brachioradialis, Extensors, Supinator, Triceps

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3
Q

Median nerve (roots, typical injury, sign, muscles innervated)

A

C5-T1

Fracture of supracondylar humerus

Impaired opposition of thumb, lateral finger flexion, and wrist flexion
“Ape hand” and “Pope’s blessing”

Forearm: flexors (minus carpi ulnaris and ulnar 1/2 of digitorum profundus)
Hand: Thenar muscles and 1st 2 lumbricals (“MED-LOAF”)

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4
Q

Ulnar nerve (roots, typical injury, sign, muscles innervated)

A

C8, T1

Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus (funny bone)

Impaired medial finger flexion and wrist flexion
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion

Forearm: flexor carpi ulnaris + 1/2 digitorum profundus
Hand: all but MED-LOAF

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5
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve (roots, typical injury, sign, muscles innervated)

A

C5-C7

Upper trunk compression

Impaired flexion at elbow

BBC - Brachialis, Biceps, Coracobrachialis

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6
Q

Limb adducted, medially rotated, and forearm pronated (lesion and common cause)

A

Damage to C5-C6 roots (Erbs palsy)

Often seen in infants following trauma during delivery

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7
Q

Atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences, Atrophy of the interosseous muscles, Sensory deficits on the medial side of the forearm and hand, Disappearance of the radial pulse upon moving head toward ipsilateral side

A

Embryologic defect in C8-T1 or a cervical rib compressing subclavian artery and inferior trunk

Klumpke’s palsy/Thoracic outlet syndrome

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8
Q

Inability to extend 4th and 5th digits when trying to open hand

A

Ulnar claw

Distal ulnar nerve lesion (ie hook of hamate) leads to loss of medial lumbrical function

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9
Q

2nd and 3rd digits clawed upon attempted finger extension.

A

Median claw

Carpel tunnel or dislocated lunate
Distal median nerve lesion leads to loss of lateral lumbrical function

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10
Q

Loss of function of all lumbricals, finger flexers. Clawing of all digits

A

Klumpke’s total claw

C8-T1 lesion

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11
Q

What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

Rhomboids

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12
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

Serratus anteroir

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13
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus

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14
Q

What does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Pectoralis major

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15
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Pectoralis major and minor

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16
Q

What does the upper subscapular nerve innervate?

A

Subscaularis

17
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

Latissimus dorsi

18
Q

What does the lower subscapular nerve innervate?

A

Subscapularis and Teres major

19
Q

What does the medial branch of the cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Skin of the medial forearm

20
Q

What does the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Skin of medial forearm