Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Evan's Step 1 Prep Material > CNS Pharm EC > Flashcards

CNS Pharm EC Flashcards

1
Q

Phenytoin (MOA, Use)

A

Inactivate Na channels

1st line for tonic clonic seizures
1st line for status epilepticus prophylaxis
Simple partial seizures
Complex partial seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phenytoin toxicity

A

Nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, megaloblastic anemia, teratogen, SLE-like syndrome, induction of P450s, lymphadenopathy, Steven’s Johnson syndrome, osteopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carbamazepine (MOA, Use)

A

Inactivate Na channels

1st line for simple partial seizures
1st line for complex partial seizures
1st line for tonic clonic seizures
1st line for trigeminal neuralgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carbamazepine toxicity

A

Diplopia, ataxia, blood dyscrasias, liver toxicity, induce P450s, teratogen, SIADH, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lamotrigine (MOA, Use)

A

Blocks voltage gated Na channels

Simple partial seizures
Complex partial seizures
Tonic clonic seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lamotrigine toxicity

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gabapentin (MOA, Use)

A

Inhibits voltage activated Ca channels

Simple partial seizures
Complex partial seizures
Tonic clonic seizures
Peripheral neuropathy
Migraine prophylaxis
Bipolar disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gabapentin toxicity

A

Sedation, ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Topiramate (MOA, Use)

A

Blocks Na channels
Potentiates GABA

Simple partial seizures
Complex partial seizures
Tonic clonic seizures
Migraine prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Topiramate toxicity

A

Sedation, mental dulling, kidney stones, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phenobarbital (MOA, Use)

A

Potentiate GABAa

1st line in children
Simple partial seizures
Complex partial seizures
Tonic clonic seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Phenobarbital toxicity

A

Sedation
Tolerance
Dependence
Induction of P450s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Valproic acid (MOA, Use)

A

Inactivate Na channels
Increase GABA concentration

1st line for tonic clonic seizures
Simple partial seizures
Complex partial seizures
Absence seizures
Myoclonic seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Valproic acid toxicity

A 
GI distress
Fatal hepatotoxicity
Neural tube defects (contraindicated in pregnancy) 
Tremor
Weight gain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ethosuximide (MOA, Use)

A

Blocks thalamic T-type Ca channels

1st line for absence seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ethosuximide toxicity

A 
GI distress
Fatigue
Headache
Urticaria
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Diazepam or Lorazepam (MOA, Use in seizures)

A

Potentiate GABAa

1st line for acute status epilepticus
Seizures of eclampsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tiagabine (MOA, Use)

A

Inhibits GABA reuptake

Simple partial seizures
Complex partial seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vigabatrin (MOA, Use)

A

Irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase (increases [GABA])

Simple partial seizures
Complex partial seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Levetiracetam (MOA, Use)

A

Modulate GABA and glutamate release

Simple partial seizures
Complex partial seizures
Tonic clonic seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Eszopiclone (MOA, Use, Tox)

A

Act on BDZ1 GABA receptor (effects reversed by flumazenil)

Treats insomnia

Can cause ataxia, headaches, confusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, methoxyflurane, nitrous oxide (Use, Effects, Tox)

A

Inhaled anesthetics

Myocardial depression, respiratory depression, N/V, Increase cerebral blood flow

Malignant hyperthermia (all but NO)

23
Q

Halothane toxicity

A

Hepatotoxicity

24
Q

Methoxyflurane toxicity

A

Nephrotoxicity

25
Enflurane toxicity
Proconvulsant
26
NO toxicity
Expansion of trapped gas in a body cavity
27
Thiopental (Class, Use, Effects)
High potency barbiturates used as IV anesthetic Induction of anesthesia Rapid redistribution Decrease cerebral blood flow
28
Midazolam (Class, Use, Effects)
Benzodiazepine used as IV anesthetic Choice for endoscopy Adjunct with gaseous anesthetics and narcotics Severe postoperative respiratory depression Decrease in BP Amnesia
29
Ketamine (MOA, Use, Effects)
Block NMDA receptor (PCP analog) used as IV anesthetic Cardiovascular stimulant Disorientation Hallucination/bad dreams Increase cerebral blood flow
30
Morphine and Fentanyl as IV anesthetics
Adjunct in general anesthesia
31
Propofol (MOA, Use, Effects)
Potentiates GABAa IV anesthetic Used for sedation in ICU Rapid anesthesia, induction and short procedures Little postoperative nausea
32
Procaine, Cocaine, Tetracaine (Class, MOA, Use, Tox)
Ester local anesthetic Block activated Na channels (most effective in rapidly firing neurons) Minor surgical procedures, spinal anesthesia Causes CNS excitation, Hypertension/Hypotension
33
Lidocaine, Mepivacaine, Bupivacaine (Class, MOA, Use, Tox)
Amide local anesthetic (2 I's in name) Block activated Na channels (most effective in rapidly firing neurons) Minor surgical procedures, spinal anesthesia Causes CNS excitation, Hypertension/Hypotension CV toxicity (Bupivacaine) Arrhythmias (Cocaine)
34
Succinylcholine (MOA, Use, Tox, Reversal of blockade)
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker ACh receptor agonist (sustained depolarization and prevents muscle contraction) Muscle paralysis in surgery or mechanical ventilation Hypercalcemia, Hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia ``` Phase I (prolonged depolarization) - no antidote Phase II (repolarization, ACh desensitized) - Cholinesterase inhibitors (Neostigmine) ```
35
Tubocurarine, Atracurium, Mivacurium, Pancuronium, Vecuronium, Rocuronium (MOA, Use, Reversal of blockade)
Competitive antagonists at ACh receptors Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker Cholinesterase inhibitors (Neostigmine, edrophonium)
36
Dantrolene (MOA, Use)
Prevents Ca release from SR of skeletal muscle Treatment of MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA Treats neuroleptic malignant syndrome (antipsychotic toxicity)
37
Bromocriptine, Pramipexole, Ropinirole (MOA, Use)
Dopamine agonists Used to treat Parkinson's
38
Amantadine (MOA, Use, Tox)
Increases dopamine levels Used in Parkinson's Used as antiviral against Influenza A and Rubella Can cause ataxia
39
L-DOPA/Carbidopa (MOA, Use, Tox)
L-DOPA can cross BBB and is converted to dopamine *given with Carbidopa which inhibits PERIPHERAL dopa decarboxylase to isolate effect to CNS Used in Parkinson's Arrhythmias Dyskinesia with long term use
40
Selegiline (MOA, Use)
MOA-B blocker (prevent dopamine breakdown) Adjunct to L-DOPA in Parkinson's
41
Entacapone, Tolcapone (MOA, Use)
COMT inhibitors (prevent L-DOPA breakdown) Used in parkinson
42
Benztropine (MOA, Use)
Antimuscarinic Improves tremor and rigidity in Parkinson's
43
Memantine (MOA, Use, Tox)
NMDA antagonist (prevents Ca-mediated excitotoxicity) Used in Alzheimer's Dizziness, confusion, hallucinations
44
Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine (MOA, Use, Tox)
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Used in Alzheimer's Nausea, dizziness, insomnia
45
Tetrabenazine, Reserpine (MOA, Use)
Inhibit VMAT (limiting dopamine vesicle packaging and release) Used in Huntington's
46
Haloperidol (MOA, Use in Huntington's)
Dopamine receptor antagonist
47
Sumatriptan (MOA, Use, Tox)
5-HT1B/1D agonist (inhibits trigeminal nerve activation, prevents vasoactive peptide release, induces vasoconstriction) Used in acute migraines and cluster headache Coronary vasospasm (contraindicated in CAD or Prinzmetal's angina)
48
Epinephrine, Brimonidine (MOA, Use, Tox)
alpha-agonists -decrease aqueous humor synthesis Open angle glaucoma Mydriasis, blurry, vision, ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation, allergic reaction/pruritus
49
Timolol, Betaxolol, Carteolol (MOA, Use, Tox)
Beta-blockers - decrease aqueous humor synthesis Glaucoma No pupillary or vision changes
50
Acetazolamide in eye (MOA, Use, Tox)
Decrease aqueous humor synthesis via inhibition of carbonic anhydrase Glaucoma No pupillary or vision changes
51
Pilocarpine, Carbachol (MOA, Use Tox)
Direct Cholinomimetics - Increase aqueous humor outflow via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork Glaucoma (USE PILOCARPINE FOR EMERGENCIES) Miosis and cyclospasm (contraction of ciliary muscle)
52
Physostigmine, Echothiophate (MOA, Use, Tox)
Indirect Cholinomimetics - Increase aqueous humor outflow via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork Glaucoma Miosis and cyclospasm (contraction of ciliary muscle)
53
Latanoprost (MOA, Use, Tox)
Prostaglandin - PGF2a (increase aqueous humor outflow) Glaucoma Darkens color of iris

Evan's Step 1 Prep Material (72 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions