Systems Microbiology EC Flashcards
1
Q
Normal dominant flora in Skin
A
Staph. epidermidis
2
Q
Normal dominant flora in Nose
A
Staph epidermidis
Staph. aureus (colonized)
3
Q
Normal dominant flora in Oropharynx
A
Viridans group strep.
4
Q
Normal dominant flora in Dental plaque
A
Strep. mutans
5
Q
Normal dominant flora in Colon
A
Bacteriodes fragilis > E. coli
6
Q
Normal dominant flora in Vagina
A
Lactobacillus
colonized by E. coli and group B strep
7
Q
Food poisoning from contaminated seafood
A
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio vulnificus (also wound infections w/ water/shellfish)
8
Q
Food poisoning from Reheated rice
A
Bacillus cereus
9
Q
Food poisoning from Meats, Mayonnaise, Custard
A
S. aureus (preformed toxin)
10
Q
Food poisoning from Reheated meat dishes
A
Clostridium perfringens
11
Q
Food poisoning from Improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
A
Clostridium botulinum
12
Q
Food poisoning caused by Undercooked meat
A
E. coli O157:H7
13
Q
Food poisoning caused by Poultry, Meat, and Eggs
A
Salmonella
14
Q
Bugs that can mimic appendicitis
A
Yersinia enterocolitica
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni
15
Q
Bloody diarrhea: Comma/S-shaped, grow at 42 degrees C
A
Campylobacter jejuni
16
Q
Bloody diarrhea: Lactose negative, flagellar motility, fish/turtle/poultry/egg reservoir
A
Salmonella
17
Q
Bloody diarrhea: Lactose negative, very low ID50, produces toxin
A
Shigella (shiga toxin)
18
Q
Bloody diarrhea: Can cause HUS, Shiga-like toxin
A
EHEC O157:H7
19
Q
Bloody diarrhea: Invades colonic mucosa
A
EIEC
20
Q
Bloody diarrhea: Day-care outbreaks, pseudoappendicitis
A
Yersinia enterocolitica
21
Q
Bloody diarrhea: Protozoan
A
Entamoeba histolytica
22
Q
Watery diarrhea: Traveler’s diarrhea, ST and LT toxins
A
ETEC
23
Q
Watery diarrhea: Comma-shaped, rice-water diarrhea
A
Vibrio cholerae
24
Q
Watery diarrhea: Pseudomembranous
A
C. dif (can sometimes be bloody)
25
Watery diarrhea: Also causes gas gangrene
C. perfringens
26
Watery diarrhea: by Protozoa
Giardia
| Cryptosporidium (immunocompromised)
27
Watery diarrhea: Viruses
Rotavirus
| Norovirus
28
Causes of pneumonia in Neonates
Group B strep
| E. coli
29
Causes of pneumonia in Children
"Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum"
```
RSV
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
C. pneumoniae
Strep. pneumo
```
30
Causes of pneumonia in Adults 18-40
Mycoplasma (walking pneumonia)
C. pneumoniae
Strep. pneumo
31
Causes of pneumonia in Adults 40-65
```
S. pneumo
H. influenzae
Anaerobes
Viruses
Mycoplasma
```
32
Causes of pneumonia in Elderly (65+)
```
S. pneumo
Influenza virus
Anaerobes
H. influenzae
Gram negative rods
```
33
Causes of nosocomial pneumonia
Staph.
| Enteric gram - rods
34
Causes of pneumonia in immunocompromised
```
Staph.
Enteric gram - rods
Fungi
Viruses
Pneumocystis jirovecii in HIV (CD4<200)
```
35
Causes of aspiration pneumonia
Anaerobes
36
Causes of pneumonia in Alcoholic/IV drug user
S. pneumo
Klebsiella
Staph
37
Causes of pneumonia in CF
Pseudomonas
S. aureus
S. pneumo
38
Post-viral causes of pneumonia
Staph
H. influenzae
S. pneumo
39
Causes of atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia
40
Causes of meningitis in Newborn
Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria
41
Causes of meningitis in Children (6mo-6yrs)
Strep. pneumo
Neisseria meningitidis (w/ purpura)
H. influenzae (in unvaccinated)
Enterovirus
42
Causes of meningitis 6-60yrs
S. pneumo
N. meningitidis (esp. in teens)
Enterovirus
HSV
43
Causes of meningitis 60+
S. pneumo
Gram - rods
Listeria
44
How do you treat meningitis
Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin (add Ampicillin for Listeria)
45
CSF findings in bacterial meningitis
Opening pressure: Increased
Cell type: Increase PMNs
Protein: Increased
Sugar: Decreased
46
CSF findings in Fungal/TB meningitis
Opening pressure: Increased
Cell type: Increased lymphocytes
Protein: Increased
Sugar: Decreased
47
CSF findings in Viral meningitis
Opening pressure: Increased/normal
Cell type: Increased lymphocytes
Protein: Increased/Normal
Sugar: Normal
48
Osteomyelitis with no other information available
S. aureus
49
Osteomyelitis and sexually active
N. gonorrhoeae (rare-septic arthritis more common)
50
Osteomyelitis in Diabetic or IV drug user
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
| Serratia
51
Osteomyelitis in Sickle cell
Salmonella
52
Osteomyelitis in Prosthetic replacement
S. aureus
| S. epidermidis
53
Osteomyelitis in Vertebrae
TB (Pott's disease)
54
Osteomyelitis due to cat/dog bites or scratches
Pasteurella multocida
55
What does a positive leukocyte esterase test mean?
Bacterial UTI
56
What does a positive nitrite test mean?
Gram negative bacterial UTI
57
What is the leading cause of UTI?
E. coli
58
2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI in sexually active women
Staph. saprophyticus
59
3rd leading cause of UTI w/ large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Klebsiella pneumo
60
Nosocomial UTI that are drug resistant
```
Serratia marcescens (produce red pigment)
Enterobacter cloacae
```
61
UTI: motility/swarming on agar, urease +, associated with struvite stones
Proteus mirabilis
62
Nosocomial UTI w/ blue/green pigment and fruity odor, drug resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
63
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Adenovirus
64
Acute urethral syndrome in women associated with intercoarse
Chlamydia trachomatis
65
Mother to fetus infections
ToRCHHS
```
Toxoplasma gondii
Rubella
CMV
HIV
HSV-2
Syphilis
```
66
Toxoplasma gonii (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)
Cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Mother asymptomatic
Neonate:
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications
67
Rubella (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)
Respiratory droplets
Mother: Rash, Lymphadenopathy, Arthritis
```
Neonate:
PDA
Cataracts
Deafness
"Blueberry muffin" rash
```
68
CMV (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)
Sexual contact, organ transplants
Mother asymptomatic (or mononucleosis like)
Neonate:
Hearing loss
Seizures
Petechial rash "blueberry muffin"
69
HIV (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)
Sexual, needlestick
Mother variable depending on CD4 count
Neonate:
Recurring infections
Chronic diarrhea
70
HSV-2 (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)
Skin or mucous membrane contact
Mother asymptomatic (other than lesions)
Neonate:
Encephalitis
Vesicular lesions
71
Syphilis (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)
Sexual
Mother: Chancre (primary), Disseminated rash (secondary)
```
Neonate:
Stillbirth
Hydrops fetalis
Notched teeth
Saddle nose
Short maxilla
Saber shins (curved)
CN VIII deafness
```
72
Child with fine truncal rash that begins at head and descends; postauricular lymphadenopathy
Rubella virus
73
Child with cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue white (Koplik) spots on buccal mucosa. Rash begins at head and descends.
Measles virus
74
Child with vesicular rash beginning on trunk. Spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age.
VZV (chickenpox)
75
Infant with several days of high fever develops macular rash. Febrile seizures.
HHV-6 (roseola)
76
Child with "slapped cheek" rash on face (can cause hydrops fetalis in utero)
Parvovirus B19 (erythema infectiosum)
77
Child with erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat and strawberry tongue.
Step. pyogenes (scarlet fever)
78
Child with vesicular rash on palms and soles. Ulcers in oral mucosa.
Coxsackievirus A (Hand-Foot-Mouth disease)
79
Urethritis, Cervicitis, PID, Prostatitis, Epididymitis, Arthritis, Creamy purulent discharge
Gonorrhea
80
Painless chancre
Primary syphilis (T. pallidum)
81
Fever, Lymphadenopathy, Skin rash, Condylomata lata
Secondary syphilis (T. pallidum)
82
Gummas, Tabes dorsalis, General paresis, Aortitis, Argyll Robertson pupil (accommodates but not react)
Tertiary syphilis (T. pallidum)
83
Painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy
Chancroid (H. ducreyi "it's so painful, you DO CRY"
84
Painful penile vulvar or cervical vesicles and ulcers. Fever, headache, myalgia.
Genital herpes (HSV-2)
85
Urethritis, Cervicitis, Conjunctivitis, Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis), PID
Chlamydia (D-K)
86
Infection of lymphatics, genital ulcers, lymphadenopathy, rectal strictures
Lymphogranuloma venereum (C. trachomatis L1-L3)
87
Vaginitis, Strawberry-colored mucosa, motile in wet prep
Trichomonas. vaginalis
88
Opportunistic infections, Kaposi's sarcoma (caused by HHV-8), Lymphoma
AIDS (HIV)
89
Genital warts, koilocytes
Condylomata acuminata (HPV-6 and 11)
90
STD w/ jaundice
HBV
91
Noninflammatory, malodorous discharge "fishy", Positive whiff test, clue cells, not exclusively and STD
Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella vaginalis)
92
Cervical motion tenderness, Purulent cervical discharge. (Diagnosis, Causes, and Complications)
PID
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Salpingitis (ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, adhesions), Endometritis, Hydrosalpinx, Tubo-ovarian abscess
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome- Liver capsule infection with "violin string" adhesion to parietal peritoneum.
93
Nosocomial infections from newborn nursery
CMV
| RSV
94
Nosocomial infections from urinary catheterization
E. coli
| Proteus mirabilis
95
Nosocomial infection from respiratory equipment
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
"think AIRuginosa for air or burns"
96
Nosocomial infection from dialysis
HBV
97
Nosocomial infection from Hyperalimentation (overeating, TPN)
Candida albicans
98
Nosocomial infection due to water aerosols
Legionella
99
Unimmunized child with rash beginning at head and descending with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Rubella
100
Unimmunized child with rash beginning at head and descending. Rash preceded by cough, coryza (respiratory inflammation), conjunctivitis, blue-white (Koplik) spots on buccal mucosa.
Measles
101
Unimmunized child with Meningitis. Microbe colonizing nasopharynx.
H. influenzae
102
Unimmunized child with Meningitis. Can lead to myalgia and paralysis.
Poliovirus
103
Unimmunized child with pharyngitis with grayish oropharyngeal exudate ("pseudomembranes" may obstruct airway). Painful throat.
C. diphtheriae (toxin causes necrosis in pharynx, head, and CNS)
104
Unimmunized child with Epiglottitis, fever with dysphagia, drooling. Difficulty breathing due to edematous "cherry red" epiglottis
H. influenzae (sometimes occurs in immunized children)
