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Evan's Step 1 Prep Material > Systems Microbiology EC > Flashcards

Systems Microbiology EC Flashcards

1
Q

Normal dominant flora in Skin

A

Staph. epidermidis

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2
Q

Normal dominant flora in Nose

A

Staph epidermidis

Staph. aureus (colonized)

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3
Q

Normal dominant flora in Oropharynx

A

Viridans group strep.

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4
Q

Normal dominant flora in Dental plaque

A

Strep. mutans

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5
Q

Normal dominant flora in Colon

A

Bacteriodes fragilis > E. coli

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6
Q

Normal dominant flora in Vagina

A

Lactobacillus

colonized by E. coli and group B strep

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7
Q

Food poisoning from contaminated seafood

A 
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio vulnificus (also wound infections w/ water/shellfish)
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8
Q

Food poisoning from Reheated rice

A

Bacillus cereus

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9
Q

Food poisoning from Meats, Mayonnaise, Custard

A

S. aureus (preformed toxin)

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10
Q

Food poisoning from Reheated meat dishes

A

Clostridium perfringens

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11
Q

Food poisoning from Improperly canned foods (bulging cans)

A

Clostridium botulinum

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12
Q

Food poisoning caused by Undercooked meat

A

E. coli O157:H7

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13
Q

Food poisoning caused by Poultry, Meat, and Eggs

A

Salmonella

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14
Q

Bugs that can mimic appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni

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15
Q

Bloody diarrhea: Comma/S-shaped, grow at 42 degrees C

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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16
Q

Bloody diarrhea: Lactose negative, flagellar motility, fish/turtle/poultry/egg reservoir

A

Salmonella

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17
Q

Bloody diarrhea: Lactose negative, very low ID50, produces toxin

A

Shigella (shiga toxin)

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18
Q

Bloody diarrhea: Can cause HUS, Shiga-like toxin

A

EHEC O157:H7

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19
Q

Bloody diarrhea: Invades colonic mucosa

A

EIEC

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20
Q

Bloody diarrhea: Day-care outbreaks, pseudoappendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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21
Q

Bloody diarrhea: Protozoan

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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22
Q

Watery diarrhea: Traveler’s diarrhea, ST and LT toxins

A

ETEC

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23
Q

Watery diarrhea: Comma-shaped, rice-water diarrhea

A

Vibrio cholerae

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24
Q

Watery diarrhea: Pseudomembranous

A

C. dif (can sometimes be bloody)

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25
Q

Watery diarrhea: Also causes gas gangrene

A

C. perfringens

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26
Q

Watery diarrhea: by Protozoa

A

Giardia

Cryptosporidium (immunocompromised)

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27
Q

Watery diarrhea: Viruses

A

Rotavirus

Norovirus

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28
Q

Causes of pneumonia in Neonates

A

Group B strep

E. coli

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29
Q

Causes of pneumonia in Children

A

“Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum”

RSV
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
C. pneumoniae 
Strep. pneumo
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30
Q

Causes of pneumonia in Adults 18-40

A

Mycoplasma (walking pneumonia)
C. pneumoniae
Strep. pneumo

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31
Q

Causes of pneumonia in Adults 40-65

A 
S. pneumo
H. influenzae 
Anaerobes
Viruses
Mycoplasma
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32
Q

Causes of pneumonia in Elderly (65+)

A 
S. pneumo
Influenza virus
Anaerobes
H. influenzae 
Gram negative rods
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33
Q

Causes of nosocomial pneumonia

A

Staph.

Enteric gram - rods

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34
Q

Causes of pneumonia in immunocompromised

A 
Staph.
Enteric gram - rods
Fungi
Viruses
Pneumocystis jirovecii in HIV (CD4<200)
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35
Q

Causes of aspiration pneumonia

A

Anaerobes

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36
Q

Causes of pneumonia in Alcoholic/IV drug user

A

S. pneumo
Klebsiella
Staph

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37
Q

Causes of pneumonia in CF

A

Pseudomonas
S. aureus
S. pneumo

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38
Q

Post-viral causes of pneumonia

A

Staph
H. influenzae
S. pneumo

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39
Q

Causes of atypical pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia

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40
Q

Causes of meningitis in Newborn

A

Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria

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41
Q

Causes of meningitis in Children (6mo-6yrs)

A

Strep. pneumo
Neisseria meningitidis (w/ purpura)
H. influenzae (in unvaccinated)
Enterovirus

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42
Q

Causes of meningitis 6-60yrs

A

S. pneumo
N. meningitidis (esp. in teens)
Enterovirus
HSV

43
Q

Causes of meningitis 60+

A

S. pneumo
Gram - rods
Listeria

44
Q

How do you treat meningitis

A

Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin (add Ampicillin for Listeria)

45
Q

CSF findings in bacterial meningitis

A

Opening pressure: Increased
Cell type: Increase PMNs
Protein: Increased
Sugar: Decreased

46
Q

CSF findings in Fungal/TB meningitis

A

Opening pressure: Increased
Cell type: Increased lymphocytes
Protein: Increased
Sugar: Decreased

47
Q

CSF findings in Viral meningitis

A

Opening pressure: Increased/normal
Cell type: Increased lymphocytes
Protein: Increased/Normal
Sugar: Normal

48
Q

Osteomyelitis with no other information available

A

S. aureus

49
Q

Osteomyelitis and sexually active

A

N. gonorrhoeae (rare-septic arthritis more common)

50
Q

Osteomyelitis in Diabetic or IV drug user

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Serratia

51
Q

Osteomyelitis in Sickle cell

A

Salmonella

52
Q

Osteomyelitis in Prosthetic replacement

A

S. aureus

S. epidermidis

53
Q

Osteomyelitis in Vertebrae

A

TB (Pott’s disease)

54
Q

Osteomyelitis due to cat/dog bites or scratches

A

Pasteurella multocida

55
Q

What does a positive leukocyte esterase test mean?

A

Bacterial UTI

56
Q

What does a positive nitrite test mean?

A

Gram negative bacterial UTI

57
Q

What is the leading cause of UTI?

A

E. coli

58
Q

2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI in sexually active women

A

Staph. saprophyticus

59
Q

3rd leading cause of UTI w/ large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies

A

Klebsiella pneumo

60
Q

Nosocomial UTI that are drug resistant

A 
Serratia marcescens (produce red pigment)
Enterobacter cloacae
61
Q

UTI: motility/swarming on agar, urease +, associated with struvite stones

A

Proteus mirabilis

62
Q

Nosocomial UTI w/ blue/green pigment and fruity odor, drug resistant

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

63
Q

Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Adenovirus

64
Q

Acute urethral syndrome in women associated with intercoarse

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

65
Q

Mother to fetus infections

A

ToRCHHS

Toxoplasma gondii
Rubella
CMV
HIV
HSV-2
Syphilis
66
Q

Toxoplasma gonii (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)

A

Cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

Mother asymptomatic

Neonate:
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications

67
Q

Rubella (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)

A

Respiratory droplets

Mother: Rash, Lymphadenopathy, Arthritis

Neonate: 
PDA
Cataracts
Deafness 
"Blueberry muffin" rash
68
Q

CMV (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)

A

Sexual contact, organ transplants

Mother asymptomatic (or mononucleosis like)

Neonate:
Hearing loss
Seizures
Petechial rash “blueberry muffin”

69
Q

HIV (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)

A

Sexual, needlestick

Mother variable depending on CD4 count

Neonate:
Recurring infections
Chronic diarrhea

70
Q

HSV-2 (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)

A

Skin or mucous membrane contact

Mother asymptomatic (other than lesions)

Neonate:
Encephalitis
Vesicular lesions

71
Q

Syphilis (Transmission, Maternal, Neonatal)

A

Sexual

Mother: Chancre (primary), Disseminated rash (secondary)

Neonate:
Stillbirth
Hydrops fetalis
Notched teeth
Saddle nose
Short maxilla
Saber shins (curved)
CN VIII deafness
72
Q

Child with fine truncal rash that begins at head and descends; postauricular lymphadenopathy

A

Rubella virus

73
Q

Child with cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue white (Koplik) spots on buccal mucosa. Rash begins at head and descends.

A

Measles virus

74
Q

Child with vesicular rash beginning on trunk. Spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age.

A

VZV (chickenpox)

75
Q

Infant with several days of high fever develops macular rash. Febrile seizures.

A

HHV-6 (roseola)

76
Q

Child with “slapped cheek” rash on face (can cause hydrops fetalis in utero)

A

Parvovirus B19 (erythema infectiosum)

77
Q

Child with erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat and strawberry tongue.

A

Step. pyogenes (scarlet fever)

78
Q

Child with vesicular rash on palms and soles. Ulcers in oral mucosa.

A

Coxsackievirus A (Hand-Foot-Mouth disease)

79
Q

Urethritis, Cervicitis, PID, Prostatitis, Epididymitis, Arthritis, Creamy purulent discharge

A

Gonorrhea

80
Q

Painless chancre

A

Primary syphilis (T. pallidum)

81
Q

Fever, Lymphadenopathy, Skin rash, Condylomata lata

A

Secondary syphilis (T. pallidum)

82
Q

Gummas, Tabes dorsalis, General paresis, Aortitis, Argyll Robertson pupil (accommodates but not react)

A

Tertiary syphilis (T. pallidum)

83
Q

Painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy

A

Chancroid (H. ducreyi “it’s so painful, you DO CRY”

84
Q

Painful penile vulvar or cervical vesicles and ulcers. Fever, headache, myalgia.

A

Genital herpes (HSV-2)

85
Q

Urethritis, Cervicitis, Conjunctivitis, Reiter’s syndrome (reactive arthritis), PID

A

Chlamydia (D-K)

86
Q

Infection of lymphatics, genital ulcers, lymphadenopathy, rectal strictures

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum (C. trachomatis L1-L3)

87
Q

Vaginitis, Strawberry-colored mucosa, motile in wet prep

A

Trichomonas. vaginalis

88
Q

Opportunistic infections, Kaposi’s sarcoma (caused by HHV-8), Lymphoma

A

AIDS (HIV)

89
Q

Genital warts, koilocytes

A

Condylomata acuminata (HPV-6 and 11)

90
Q

STD w/ jaundice

A

HBV

91
Q

Noninflammatory, malodorous discharge “fishy”, Positive whiff test, clue cells, not exclusively and STD

A

Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella vaginalis)

92
Q

Cervical motion tenderness, Purulent cervical discharge. (Diagnosis, Causes, and Complications)

A

PID

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

Salpingitis (ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, adhesions), Endometritis, Hydrosalpinx, Tubo-ovarian abscess

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome- Liver capsule infection with “violin string” adhesion to parietal peritoneum.

93
Q

Nosocomial infections from newborn nursery

A

CMV

RSV

94
Q

Nosocomial infections from urinary catheterization

A

E. coli

Proteus mirabilis

95
Q

Nosocomial infection from respiratory equipment

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“think AIRuginosa for air or burns”

96
Q

Nosocomial infection from dialysis

A

HBV

97
Q

Nosocomial infection from Hyperalimentation (overeating, TPN)

A

Candida albicans

98
Q

Nosocomial infection due to water aerosols

A

Legionella

99
Q

Unimmunized child with rash beginning at head and descending with postauricular lymphadenopathy

A

Rubella

100
Q

Unimmunized child with rash beginning at head and descending. Rash preceded by cough, coryza (respiratory inflammation), conjunctivitis, blue-white (Koplik) spots on buccal mucosa.

A

Measles

101
Q

Unimmunized child with Meningitis. Microbe colonizing nasopharynx.

A

H. influenzae

102
Q

Unimmunized child with Meningitis. Can lead to myalgia and paralysis.

A

Poliovirus

103
Q

Unimmunized child with pharyngitis with grayish oropharyngeal exudate (“pseudomembranes” may obstruct airway). Painful throat.

A

C. diphtheriae (toxin causes necrosis in pharynx, head, and CNS)

104
Q

Unimmunized child with Epiglottitis, fever with dysphagia, drooling. Difficulty breathing due to edematous “cherry red” epiglottis

A

H. influenzae (sometimes occurs in immunized children)

Evan's Step 1 Prep Material (72 decks)

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