Endocrine Pharm EC Flashcards
Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine (MOA, Use, Tox)
Rapid-acting insulin (Increase K uptake, increase glycogen and TG, increase protein synthesis)
Type 1 and 2 DM, Gestational diabetes, Life-threatening hyperkalemia
Hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity (very rare)
Regular (MOA, Use, Tox)
Short-acting insulin (Increase K uptake, increase glycogen and TG, increase protein synthesis)
Type 1 and 2 DM, Gestational diabetes, Life-threatening hyperkalemia
Hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity (very rare)
NPH (MOA, Use, Tox)
Intermediate-acting insulin (Increase K uptake, increase glycogen and TG, increase protein synthesis)
Type 1 and 2 DM, Gestational diabetes, Life-threatening hyperkalemia
Hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity (very rare)
Glargine, Detemir (MOA, Use, Tox)
Long-acting insulin (Increase K uptake, increase glycogen and TG, increase protein synthesis)
Type 1 and 2 DM, Gestational diabetes, Life-threatening hyperkalemia
Hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity (very rare)
Metformin (MOA, Use, Tox)
Biguanide (acts on liver)
Decrease gluconeogenesis
Increase glycolysis and peripheral glucose uptake
First line for T2 DM
GI upset LACTIC ACIDOSIS (contraindicated in renal failure)
Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide (MOA, Use, Tox)
Second generation sulfonylureas
Close K channel in beta-cell, depolarization, Ca influx, endogenous insulin release
T2 DM (requires some islet function, useless in T1)
Hypoglycemia
Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide (MOA, Use, Tox)
First generation sulfonylureas
Close K channel in beta-cell, depolarization, Ca influx, endogenous insulin release
T2 DM (requires some islet function, useless in T1)
Disulfiram-like reaction
Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone (MOA, Use, Tox)
Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue
Bind PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator
T2 DM (often in combo)
Weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, heart failure
Acarbose, Miglitol (MOA, Use, Tox)
Inhibit brush border alpha-glucosidases
Delay sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption which DECREASES POST-PRANDIAL HYPERGLYCEMIA
T2 DM (often in combo)
GI disturbance
Exenatide, Liraglutide (MOA, Use, Tox)
GLP-1 analogs
Increase insulin, decrease glucagon resistance
T2 DM
N/V, Pancreatitis
Pramlintide (MOA, Use, Tox)
Amylin analog - Decrease glucagon
T1&2 DM
Hypoglycemia, Nausea, Diarrhea
Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin (MOA, Use, Tox)
DPP-4 inhibitors
Increase insulin, decrease glucagon release
T2 DM
UTIs and URIs
Propylthiouracil, Methimazole (MOA, Use, Tox)
Block peroxidase, inhibiting organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis
PTU also blocks 5’-deiodinase (decrease peripheral activation to T3)
Hyperthyroidism
Skin rash, Agranulocytosis (rare), Aplastic anemia, Hepatotoxicity (PTU), Teratogen (Methimazole)
Levothyroxine, Triiodothyronine (MOA, Use, Tox)
Thyroxine replacement
Hypothyroidism, myxedema
Tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias
Growth hormone (clinical use)
GH deficiency
Turner syndrome
Octreotide (clinical use)
Somatostatin
Acromegaly Carcinoid Gastrinoma Glucagonoma Esophageal varices
Oxytocin (clinical use)
Simulates labor/uterine contractions
Stimulates milk letdown
Controls uterine hemorrhage
Desmopressin [ADH] (clinical use)
Pituitary (central) DI
Demeclocycline (MOA, Use, Tox)
ADH antagonist (tetracycline family)
SIADH
Nephrogenic DI, Photosensitivity, Bone/Teeth abnormalities
Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Triamcinolone, Dexamethasone, Beclomethasone (MOA, Use, Tox)
Glucocorticoids
Decrease production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins by INHIBITING PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 and EXPRESSION OF COX2
Addison’s, inflammation, immunosuppression, asthma
Iatrogenic Cushing’s, adrenal insufficiency when drop stopped abruptly after chronic use
