Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics EC Flashcards

1
Q

What is second order kinetics?

A

Rate independent of substrate concentration

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2
Q

What is first order kinetics?

A

Rate proportional to substrate concentration

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3
Q

Does a competitive inhibitor change Km or Vmax? How?

A

Competitive inhibitors increase Km but have no effect on Vmax.

Decrease potency

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4
Q

Does a noncompetitive (irreversible) inhibitor change Km or Vmax? How

A

Noncompetitive inhibitors decrease Vmax but have no effect on Km

Decrease efficacy

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5
Q

What is the formula for calculating volume of distrobution?

A

= drug in body/plasma drug concentration

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6
Q

What does a high/medium/low volume of distribution mean?

A

High=all tissues=small lipophilic
Medium=ECF=Small hydrophilic molecules
Low=Blood=Large/charged molecules

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7
Q

What is the equation for half life?

A

= (0.7 * Vd) / Clearance (CL)

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8
Q

What is the equation for loading dose?

A

= Css * Vd / (F)

F=bioavailability, usually= 1 in questions

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9
Q

What is the equation for maintenance dose?

A

= Css * CL / (F)

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10
Q

What is first order elimination?

A

Flow dependent elimination

PROPORTIONAL TO CONCENTRATION (ie set fraction)

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11
Q

What is zero order elimination?

A

Capacity dependent elimination
CONSTANT AMOUNT ELIMINATED

“PEA” - phenytoin, ethanol, aspirin

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12
Q

What is phase I metabolism?

A

Reduction, oxidation, or hydrolysis via CYP450

geriatrics lose phase I first

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13
Q

What is phase II metabolism?

A

Conjugation (glucouronidation, acetylation, sulfation).

Renally excreted

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14
Q

What is therapeutic index?

A

Lethal dose / Effective dose

Large TI means drug is safe

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15
Q

What are some examples of drugs with low therapeutic indexes?

A

Digoxin, Lithium, theophylline, & warfarin

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