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VMS 2003 > Viral Diseases II > Flashcards

Viral Diseases II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key facts surrounding smallpox?

A
  • One of the most devastating human diseases
  • Extremely contagious
  • Estimated 300 million deaths in the 20th century alone
  • 30% mortality rate
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2
Q

What is the structure of the pox virus?

A
  • A double-Stranded DNA virus
  • it has a large linear genome that can encode many proteins
  • It replicates in the cytoplasm
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3
Q

What are the two forms of PoxVirus?

A
  • Intracellular mature virus
  • Extracellular enveloped virus
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4
Q

What do pox viruses create when they are in the cytoplasm of the cell?

A

They create vacuoles or inclusion bodies

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5
Q

What is the first poxvirus pathogenesis?

A

The virus produces non-structural proteins which inhibit host innate immune responses
* Blocks internal cell signalling
* switches off the host complement cascade

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6
Q

What is the benefit of the poxvirus ‘stealing’ some of the cell membrane?

A

Uses it as a cloak to hide itself and stops the cell from commiting suicide

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7
Q

What is the second poxvirus pathogenesis?

A

Transmission is most commonly via contact of infectious material with broken skin
You cannot infect in-tact skin

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8
Q

What is the meaning of poxviruses being epitheliotropic?

A

they infect keratinocytes

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9
Q

What is the current monkey pox strain travelling around the UK?

A

B.1

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10
Q

What does cowpox in cats look like?

A
  • It is usually acquired from rodents
  • Pox skin lesions on the head
  • in cats it can also effect the liver and the lungs
  • can be fatal
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11
Q

What are the key features of vaccinia?

A
  • closely related to smallpox and cowpox
  • the natural reservoir host species remains unknown
  • it is used as a vaccine during the smallpox campaign
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12
Q

What are the key features of orf?

A
  • occurs worldwide
  • affects sheep and goats
  • also known as contagious pustular dermatitis
  • usually just a cutaneous disease, not systemic
  • pox lesions on the mouth and lip
  • can infect humans via skin abrasions
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13
Q

What is sheep pox/ Goat pox?

A

systemic disease with nodules in the lungs, liver, GIT and the kidney
severe in young with a high mortality

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14
Q

What is lumpy skin disease?

A

Not systemic
Causes nodules all over the body
Low mortality
has a high economic impact as you cannot sell hides

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15
Q

How may you diagnose pox virus?

A
  • sample fluid from vesicles, this provides large quantities of the virus
  • Diagnostic assays such as PCR + Sequencing
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16
Q

How may you control Pox Virus?

A
  • Vaccines
  • Biosecurity
  • Isolation of the infection
  • Good Hygiene
  • Parasite control
17
Q

Why are poxvirus stable in the environment?

A

Due to having a low lipid content

18
Q

Where do poxviruses replicate within the cell?

A

In the cytoplasm, even though they are DNA viruses

19
Q

What is the meaning of epitheliotropic?

A

Infects keratinocytes of the skin

20
Q

Where does monkeypox occur primarily?

A

Remote areas of central and west africa

21
Q

Where is monkeypox mostly transmitted from?

A

mostly transmitted from animals- during hunting/skinning

22
Q

Where are cowpox pustules usually found on cows?

A

On the teats

23
Q

What are considered to be the reservoirs of cowpox?

A

Wild rodents

24
Q

Where are pox skin lesions usually found in cats?

A

Usually on the head due to hunting activities
can also affect the liver/ lungs
can be fatal

25
Q

What does poxvirus look like in rabbits?

also known as myxamatosis

A
  • Swelling of the head/ anogenital regions
  • Blepharoconjunctivitis develops
26
Q

How is myxamatosis in rabbits spread?

A

Transmitted via mosquitos/ fleas

27
Q

What is ORF also known as?

A

contagious pustuar dermatitis

28
Q

Give three examples of capripoxviruses

A
  • Sheepox
  • Goatpox
  • Lumpy skin disease
29
Q

Where are sheep pox nodules usually found?

A

Lungs, Liver, GIT and the Kidney

30
Q

What are the two main clinical signs of lumpy skin disease?

A
  • Nodules over the body
  • Milk drop/ Fever and Secondary infection
31
Q

Why does lumpy skin disease have a high economic impact?

A

Cannot sell hides

32
Q

What diagnostic assays can you use to diagose poxviruses?

A
  • PCR + sequencing
  • Electron microscopy
  • ELISA tests
33
Q

How would you go about controlling pox viruses?

A
  • Vaccines
  • Good Biosecurity
  • Parasite control
34
Q

What is blepharoconjunctivitis?

A

Extreme swelling, irritation/ inflammation of the eyes

occurs in rabbits with myxamatosis

VMS 2003 (33 decks)

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