Hepatobilliary Path I

Question 1

What in zone 1 of the acinus?

Answer 1

Periportal- most prone to direct toxic injury

Question 2

What is zone 2 of the acinus?

Answer 2

Midzone

Question 3

What is the limiting plate?

Answer 3

Layer of hepatocytes separating the portal region from the lobule

Question 4

How does hepatocellular atrophy occur?

Answer 4

Caused by reduced demand, e.g illness and starvation

Question 5

What causes regional hepatic atrophy?

Answer 5

• Pressure or locally impaired blood flow
• Similiar appearance to hepatocellular atrophy

Question 6

What does hepatocellular hypertrophy look like?

Answer 6

• Increased cytoplasmic volume
• enlarges the entire liver

Question 7

What is glycogenesis?

Answer 7

Buildup of glycogen-filled vacuoles, function remains normal
Liver is enlarged and tan -> bronze coloured

Question 8

What is the common cause of glycogenesis

Answer 8

Steroid treatment and hyperadrenocorticism

Question 9

What does steatosis/ Lipidosis look like?

Answer 9

Round, Well-Circumscribed fat globules

Question 10

What is microvascular steatosis?

Answer 10

Does not displace the nucleus, vacuoles are usually smaller than the nucleus

Question 11

What is macrovesicular steatosis?

Answer 11

Displacement of the nucleus, one vacuole per cell and compression of the sinusoids

Question 12

What is tension lipidosis?

Answer 12

mostly in cattle, focal hypoxia is due to the pulling of fibrous attachments

Question 13

What causes ketosis/ hepatic lipidosis in ruminants?

Answer 13

Dietary insufficiency and/or abomasal displacement in high producing dairy cows
Cows are more tolerant of ketosis than ewes

Question 14

What causes hyperlipaemia in donkeys, miniature horses and ponies?

Answer 14

Increased serum and very low density lipoproteins

Question 15

When is hyperlipaemia fatal?

Answer 15

Rapidly fatal in older, overweight, pregnant or lactating mares

Question 16

When does feline fatty liver synrome occur?

Answer 16

In obese, nutritionally stressed cats, high mortality if left untreated

Question 17

What causes familial hyperproteinaemia in cats?

Answer 17

usually due to a lipoprotein lipase deficiency

Question 18

What causes primary idiopathic hyperlipaemia?

Answer 18

glycogenesis and lipidosis

Question 19

What is hepatic amyloidosis associated with?

Answer 19

usually associated with systemic amyloidosis

Question 20

What is Hepatosis dietetica?

Answer 20

Found in pigs, usually due to a vitamin E deficiency
affected pigs die in good body condition, fat is yellowed but not jaundiced

Question 21

What is piecemeal necrosis?

Answer 21

necrosis and inflammation at the limiting plate

Question 22

What is sinusoid endothelial necrosis

Answer 22

Any toxin that kills hepatocytes also kills the endothelium when released from dying hepatocytes

Question 23

What is biliary epithelial necrosis?

Answer 23

Sporidesmin toxicity, response to sulphonamides

Question 24

What is Cirrhosis?

Answer 24

Nodular regeneration, bridging fibrosis, vascular disruption

Question 25

What is hemosiderin?

Answer 25

yellow-brown granules primarily found in Kuppfer cells
* stains in Prussian blue

Question 26

What is haematin?

Answer 26

artefact of formic acid reacting with haemoglobin

Question 27

What is iron porphyrin associated with?

Answer 27

Fluke migration tracts

Question 28

What is hepatic encephalopathy?

Answer 28

ammonia crosses the blood brain barrier and damages astrocytes
can cause death due to cerebral oedema
Poor prognosis in acute disease

Question 29

What is photosensitisation?

Answer 29

Inflammation of the skin due to the action of UV light

Question 30

What is primary photosensitisation?

Answer 30

The liver excretes unchanged native compounds that the animal ingested

Question 31

What is hepatogenous photosensitisation?

Answer 31

Caused by cholestasis in herbivores eating green forages