Hepatobilliary Path I Flashcards
What in zone 1 of the acinus?
Periportal- most prone to direct toxic injury
What is zone 2 of the acinus?
Midzone
What is the limiting plate?
Layer of hepatocytes separating the portal region from the lobule
How does hepatocellular atrophy occur?
Caused by reduced demand, e.g illness and starvation
What causes regional hepatic atrophy?
- Pressure or locally impaired blood flow
- Similiar appearance to hepatocellular atrophy
What does hepatocellular hypertrophy look like?
- Increased cytoplasmic volume
- enlarges the entire liver
What is glycogenesis?
Buildup of glycogen-filled vacuoles, function remains normal
Liver is enlarged and tan -> bronze coloured
What is the common cause of glycogenesis
Steroid treatment and hyperadrenocorticism
What does steatosis/ Lipidosis look like?
Round, Well-Circumscribed fat globules
What is microvascular steatosis?
Does not displace the nucleus, vacuoles are usually smaller than the nucleus
What is macrovesicular steatosis?
Displacement of the nucleus, one vacuole per cell and compression of the sinusoids
What is tension lipidosis?
mostly in cattle, focal hypoxia is due to the pulling of fibrous attachments
What causes ketosis/ hepatic lipidosis in ruminants?
Dietary insufficiency and/or abomasal displacement in high producing dairy cows
Cows are more tolerant of ketosis than ewes
What causes hyperlipaemia in donkeys, miniature horses and ponies?
Increased serum and very low density lipoproteins
When is hyperlipaemia fatal?
Rapidly fatal in older, overweight, pregnant or lactating mares
When does feline fatty liver synrome occur?
In obese, nutritionally stressed cats, high mortality if left untreated
What causes familial hyperproteinaemia in cats?
usually due to a lipoprotein lipase deficiency
What causes primary idiopathic hyperlipaemia?
glycogenesis and lipidosis
What is hepatic amyloidosis associated with?
usually associated with systemic amyloidosis
What is Hepatosis dietetica?
Found in pigs, usually due to a vitamin E deficiency
affected pigs die in good body condition, fat is yellowed but not jaundiced
What is piecemeal necrosis?
necrosis and inflammation at the limiting plate
What is sinusoid endothelial necrosis
Any toxin that kills hepatocytes also kills the endothelium when released from dying hepatocytes
What is biliary epithelial necrosis?
Sporidesmin toxicity, response to sulphonamides
What is Cirrhosis?
Nodular regeneration, bridging fibrosis, vascular disruption
What is hemosiderin?
yellow-brown granules primarily found in Kuppfer cells
* stains in Prussian blue
What is haematin?
artefact of formic acid reacting with haemoglobin
What is iron porphyrin associated with?
Fluke migration tracts
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
ammonia crosses the blood brain barrier and damages astrocytes
can cause death due to cerebral oedema
Poor prognosis in acute disease
What is photosensitisation?
Inflammation of the skin due to the action of UV light
What is primary photosensitisation?
The liver excretes unchanged native compounds that the animal ingested
What is hepatogenous photosensitisation?
Caused by cholestasis in herbivores eating green forages
