Skin Pathology 2

Question 1

What is the definition of dermatitis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the dermis

Question 2

How does dermatitis occur?

Answer 2

leukocytes migrate from the superficial dermis vessels into the epidermis, they can the expand and aggregate to form typical patterns

they are attracted by antigens/ inflammatory mediators

Question 3

What is perivascular dermatitis?

Answer 3

A predominant inflammatory raection that surrounds superficial and/ or deep dermal vessels

Question 4

What does lymphocytic exocytosis suggest?

Answer 4

• Atopic dermatitis
• Malassezia infection

Question 5

What does eosinophillic dermatitis suggest?

Answer 5

• allergic dermatitis
• Mange
• eosinophillic plaque

Question 6

What does neutrophillic dermatitis suggest?

Answer 6

A superficial bacterial infection

Question 7

What is the definition of atopic dermatitis?

Answer 7

A multifactorial, chronic and relapsing pruritic allergic skin disease to environmental allergens

Question 8

What causes atopic dermatitis?

Answer 8

It is usually hereditary
Predisposed to an IgE mediated allergic reaction

Question 9

What is Malassezia dermatitis?

Answer 9

(extremely common in dogs)
causes skin folds

Question 10

What is allergic dermatitis also known as?

Answer 10

Flea allergy

Question 11

What causes allergic dermatitis?

Answer 11

It is caused by a hypersensitivity to allergens in tyhe saliva of fleas

usually found in the rump, medial aspect of the thighs and collar

Question 12

What is the definiton of sarcoptic mange?

Answer 12

extremely pruritic dermatitis due to the burrowing of mites in the epidermis and allergic reaction to mite products

Question 13

What is the name of the mite that causes sarcoptic mange?

Answer 13

Sarcoptes scabiei

Question 14

What is the definition of feline eosinophillic plaque?

Answer 14

Pruritic cutaneous reaction pattern to a variety of stimuli

Question 15

What pathogen causes superficial bacterial pyoderma?

Answer 15

Staphylococcus intermedius

Question 16

What pathogen causes greasy pig disease?

Answer 16

Staphylococcus hycius

Question 17

what is lichenoid?

Answer 17

a band like infiltrate of inflammatory cells

Question 18

what is interface dermatitis?

Answer 18

any cell injury that is at the epidermal-dermal junction

Question 19

what is lupus erythematosus?

Answer 19

generation of autoreactive antinulear antibodies which are associated with the genetic predisposition of the animal

Question 20

what are the two types of lupus erythomatous?

Answer 20

• Systemic lupus erythematosus – associated with
  polyarthritis, anaemia, glomerulonephritis…
• Discoid (cutaneous) lupus erythematosus – nasal planum

Question 21

What is Erythema multiforme?

Answer 21

a skin disorder thats considered to be an adverse reaction to a medicine or an infection

Question 22

What is vasculitis?

Answer 22

an inflammatory reaction directed against blood vessels

Question 23

Describe the three different types of vasculitis

Answer 23

1. Neutrophilic: typically bacterial (septic), cutaneous and renal
   glomerular vasculopathy of Greyhounds
2. Lymphocytic: vaccine-induced vasculitis, drug reaction
3. Eosinophilic: parasitic and allergic dermatitis

Question 24

What is septic vasculitis?

Answer 24

a variant of cutaneous vasculitis associated with severe bacterial infections

Question 25

What is nodular dermatitis?

Answer 25

where inflammtory cells form discrete nodules

Question 26

What are the five different types of nodular and diffuse dermatitis?

Answer 26

* Neutrophilic: usually bacterial origin (cutaneous abscess) * Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous: mycobacteria, leishmaniasis, foreign body reactions, actinomycosis and nocardiosis, fungal and algal (Prototheca spp.) infection. * Eosinophilic: parasitic (Habronema spp., Dirofilaria spp.), eosinophilic granuloma complex * Neoplastic: histiocytic disorders, mast cell tumours, lymphoma

Question 26

What is diffuse dermatitis?

Answer 26

involves 'sheet-like' infiltrates

Question 27

What is actinomycosis?

Answer 27

Lumps on the body caused by a bacterial infection

Question 28

What is the name of the bacteria that causes actinmycosis?

Answer 28

Actinomyces bovis

Question 29

What are the three different types of mycobacterioses?

Answer 29

* Tuberculosis * Non-tuberculous * Leprosy group

Question 30

What is pemphigus folicaeous?

Answer 30

an autoimmune condition that causes blisters and sores to form on the skin usually found on the face

Question 31

What is pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 31

Fragile vesicles or bullae

Question 32

What is bullous pemphigoid

Answer 32

an itchy raised rash

Question 33

What is perifolliculitis?

Answer 33

an accumulation of inflammatory cells around a hair follicle without any involvement of the follicular wall

Question 34

What is mural folliculitis?

Answer 34

: inflammation targets the wall of the follicle and the follicular lumen (outside in).

Question 35

What is luminal follciulitis?

Answer 35

accumulation of inflammatory cells within the lumen of the follicle (inside out).

Question 36

What is demodicosis?

Answer 36

inflammation of the hair follicles in the skin

Question 37

What is dermatophytosis?

Answer 37

Circular patches of alopecia/ stubbled hairs

Question 38

What is furunculosis?

Answer 38

rupture of hair follicles due to inflammatory damage, commonly occurs as a result of luminal folliculitis

Question 39

What is bulbitis?

Answer 39

infiltration targeting the inferior portion of the hair follicle. e.g Alopecia areata

Question 40

What is atrophic dermatosis?

Answer 40

Atrophic changes involving the hair follicles and adnexal structures and variably the epidermis and dermis.

Question 41

What is an endocrine dermatopathy?

Answer 41

bilaterally symmetric alopecia common hyperpigmentation and scaliness but non-pruritic so no-itching

Question 42

When would a dysplastic change occur?

Answer 42

It is associated with the formation of the hair shaft and terefore occurs during anagen

Question 43

What is panniculitis and what are the three different types

Answer 43

Panniculitis is the inflammation of the subcutis * Lobular panniculitis in which the lobules of fatty tissue are primarily affected. * Septal panniculitis in which the interlobular connective tissue is mainly involved * Diffuse panniculitis in which both anatomic areas are affected

Question 44

Name 5 causes of dermatitis

Answer 44

1. Bacteria 2. Virus 3. Parasites 4. Autoimmune 5. Allergic

Question 45

What species are most predetermined to getting atopic dermatitis?

Answer 45

Dogs between the age of 1-3, also cats and horses

Question 46

What is the localisation of atopic dermatitis?

Answer 46

face, ears, feet, axilla and groin

Question 47

Where is sarcoptic mange usually localised to?

Answer 47

Edges of pinnae, elbows, hocks, and the ventral abdomen

Question 48

What is Cell-Poor Interface dermatitis?

Answer 48

few inflammatory cells, main lesion is due to the basal cell damage

Question 49

What is Cell-Rich Interface dermatitis?

Answer 49

band-like mononuclear infiltration obscuring the dermal-epidermal junction

Question 50

What is the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus?

Answer 50

Generation of auto-reactive anti-nuclear antibodies associated with a genetic predisposition

Question 51

What causes leishmaniosis?

Answer 51

Leishmania Infantum

Question 52

What causes pemphigus foliaceous?

Answer 52

Antibodies (anti-desmocollin 1)

Question 53

What does pemphigus foliaceous look like grossly?

Answer 53

thick crusts with scaling

Question 54

What causes pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 54

Antibodies, e.g anti-desmoglein 3

Question 55

What causes bullous pemphigoid?

Answer 55

anti BP antigen 2

Question 56

What is perifolliculitis?

Answer 56

accumulation of inflammatory cells around a hair follicle witout involvement of the follicular wall

Question 57

What is demodicosis linked to?

Answer 57

Linked to immunosupression

Question 58

What is colour dilution alopecia?

Answer 58

Defect in the formation of a hair shaft and thus occurs during anagen