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VMS 2003 > Bacterial and fungal skin diseases > Flashcards

Bacterial and fungal skin diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of mechanical skin defences?

A

keratinocytes, keratin layer, continuous renewal

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2
Q

What are some examples of chemical skin defences?

A

antimicrobial compounds

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3
Q

What are the two different things that can activate the innate immune system?

A

PAMPS and DAMPS

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4
Q

What are PAMPS?

A

pathogen associated molecular patterns
(petidoglycan fragments, proteins, nucleic acids, cell wall lipids, carbs)

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5
Q

What are DAMPS?

A

damage-associated molecular patterns such as-
stress-induced proteins
nuclear proteins

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6
Q

What are some disease types associated with skin infections?

A
  • Pruritis
  • alopecia
  • scaling
  • pyoderma
  • Erosions, Ulcers, Pigment Disorders, nodules and tumours, sinus tracts
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7
Q

How does alopecia occur?

A

Bacteria colonise/ infect a hair follicle
The infection triggers an innate and adaptive immune response
* folliculitis
* damage to hair shafts
* atrophy

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8
Q

What is pyoderma commonly caused by?

A

Staphylococci, Streptococci

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9
Q

What are the two different types of pyoderma

A

Superficial and Deep

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10
Q

What are some examples of deep pyoderma?

A
  • subcut abscess
  • cellulitis
  • necrotising fascitis
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11
Q

What are the two different types of staphyloccus?

A
  • Coagulase negative
  • Coagulase positive
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12
Q

What are the key features of Group A streptococci

A

Aerobic/ Faculative anaerobic
Beta Haemolytic
Gram +
Catalase -
Oxidase +

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13
Q

What are the key features of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A
  • Gram-Positive, Catalase Negative, Rod Shaped, Non-Spore forming,
  • Produces H2S
  • non-haemolytic
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14
Q

Where is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae present?

A

It is present in tonsilar tissues and then shed in faeces

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

Febrile episodes, diamond skin, painful joints, lethargy, distress
it is well detected in the acute phase but not so much in the chronic phase

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16
Q

What is the first stage of a foot-rot infection?

A
  • Begins with fusobacterium necrophorum
  • this is a gram-negative rod shaped strict anerobe
  • enters the foot through breakage or weakness of the skin surrounding the hoof
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17
Q

What is the second stage of the two-step foot rot infection?

A

Dichelobacter nodosus
Gram-negative anerobe
Can be treated with antibiotics
initiates invasion of the hoof matrix

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18
Q

What does the development of foot-rot lesions in production animals depend on?

A
  • The presence of D.nodosus
  • host susceptability
  • environmental factors
  • predisposing infection with any other bacteria between the claws
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19
Q

What is Trychopython spp.

A

Common soil dermatophillic fungus
Rarely causes infection in man or animals
Readily isolated from the soil by hair-baiting
Cigar-shaped

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20
Q

What is Microsporum Canis?

A
  • Macronidia are abundant and thick-walled with many septa
  • they are often hooked or curved at the end
  • They are small and clavate
21
Q

What is the most common cattle dermatophyte?

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

22
Q

What are the clincial signs of Dermatophytosis in calves?

A
  • nonpruritic lesions
  • generalized skin disease may develop
  • Lesions are characteristically discrete, scaling patches of hair loss with
    gray-white crust formation
23
Q

What are the most common causes of dermatophytes in dogs?

A
  • Microsporum canis
  • M. gypseum
  • Trichophyton
    mentagrophytes
24
Q

What dermatophyte is always in cats?

A
  • Microsporum canis
25
Q

What are the clinical signs of dermatophytes in dogs and cats?

A
  • Dogs- alopecia, scaly patches, broken hair,
  • Cats- focal alopecia, scaling, crusting around the ears, face or extremities
26
Q

What are the primary dermatophytes in horses

A

Trichophyton equinum and T. mentagrophytes

27
Q

What are the clinical signs of dermatophytes in horses?

A

alopecia, erythema, scaling and crusting especially around the saddle

28
Q

What are the common dermatophytes of pigs?

A

usually Microsporum nanum, often asymptomatic, not zoonotic

29
Q

What are the common dermatophytes in sheep/ goats?

A

M. canis, M. gypseum, T. verrucosum

30
Q

What two things determine the severity of ringworm/ dermatophytes?

A
  • Strains or species of fungus involved
  • Sensitivity of the host to a particular pathogenic fungus
31
Q

What are some of the treatments of dermatophytes?

A
  • hair plucks/ coat brushing
  • fungal hyphae
  • antifungals
  • Dip or shampoo
  • hair clipping
32
Q

What causes deep necrotising fascitis?

A

Streptococcus canis

33
Q

What causes the strep A pathology?

A
  • Toxin and aggresin production
  • Hyaluronidase
  • Erythogenic toxin
  • DNAse
  • Exotoxins
34
Q

How would you treat Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

Penicillin or Tetracycline

35
Q

Where is fusobacterium necrophorum usually found?

A

Found in the environment and the alimentary tract

36
Q

How does fusobacterium necrophorum enter the foot?

A

Through breakness or weakness of the skin surrounding the hoof

37
Q

What is trychopython spp?

A
  • Common soil dermatophillic fungus
  • rarely causes infection in man or animals
  • readily isolated from the soil by hair baiting
  • Cigar-shaped macroconidia with smooth ends
38
Q

What are microsporum canis?

A
  • abundant, thick-walled, with many septa
  • hooked or curved at the ends
  • small and clavate
39
Q

What is the most common dermatophye of cattle?

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

40
Q

What does trichophyton verrycosum in cows cause?

A
  • nonpruritic lesions
  • generalised skin disease may develop
  • lesions are characteristically discrete, scaling patches of hair loss with gray-white crust formation
41
Q

How would you treat trichophyton verrycosum in cows?

A

Topical treatment and a vaccination

42
Q

What are the clinical signs of a dermatophyte in dogs?

A
  • alopecia, scaly patches
  • regional or generalised folliculitis
43
Q

What are the clinical signs of a dermatophyte in cats?

A
  • Focal alopecia, scaling
  • Crusting around the ears, face or extremities
44
Q

What are the clinical signs of dermatophytes in horses?

A

One or more patches of alopecia/ erythema, especially in the saddle and girth areas
transmission via direct contact and grooming equiment

45
Q

How would you diagnose a dermatophyte?

A
  • Hair plucks, Coat-Brushing, UV lamp
  • Looking for hyphal fungae
46
Q

How could you treat a dermatophyte?

A
  • Antifungals
  • Dips/ Shampoo
  • Cliping of hair
  • Keeping animals in isolation
  • Can be zoonotic
47
Q

What are the usual clinical signs of malassezia?

A
  • Erythema, Pruritis
  • Alopecia
  • It is usually secondary to an underlying disease
48
Q

What causes sporotrichosis?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

49
Q

What are the three most common portals of entry for an environmental fungal organism?

A
  • Primary mycoses -> respiratory portal
  • Subccut -> inculated skin
  • Cutaneous and superficial -> contamination of the skins surface

VMS 2003 (33 decks)

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