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VMS 2003 > Parasitic Skin Diseases II > Flashcards

Parasitic Skin Diseases II Flashcards

1
Q

What is a simple/ incomplete insect lifecycle?

A

The nymph emerges from an egg and looks like an adult
It then grows and moults several times before becoming an adult

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1
Q

What are Insect bodies divided into?

A

Head, Thorax and the abdomen

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2
Q

What is an ‘instar’

A

The technical name for an insect lifecycle stage that follows a moult

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3
Q

What is a complex/ complete insect life cycle?

A

The larva emerges from the egg looking different to the adult, it feeds/ moults several times
The outer cuticle then hardens to form pupa and an adult emerges

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4
Q

What is the meaning of fleas being an ‘almost permanent’ parasite ?

A

Once they become adults they dont survive very long off of the host

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5
Q

What are the two most common types of fleas?

A
  • Ctenocephalides felis or cat flea
  • C.canis or dog flea
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6
Q

How does the flea lifecyccle go

A

Eggs -> Larvae -> Pupae -> Adult

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7
Q

How long do adult fleas live for?

A

7-10 days

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8
Q

What percentage of the total flea population is made up of adults?

A

around 5%

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9
Q

What can fleas cause?

A
  • Host itching/ Irritation
  • Skin lesions if they bite humans
  • Flea saliva can trigger allergic responses
  • Can cause Anemia in heavy infestations
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10
Q

How can you diagnose a flea infestation?

A
  • Clinical signs such as itching/ biting
  • ‘Flea Dirt’ Brown flecks which appear to melt into the background
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11
Q

What is the meaning of lice being permanent ectoparasites

A

They spend their entire life cycle on the same animal

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12
Q

What is pedicuolosis?

A

A lice Infestation

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13
Q

What are the two different types of lice?

A
  • Chewing Lice (Mallophaga)
  • Sucking lice (Anoplura)
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of chewing lice?

A
  • Yellow
  • Chewing mouthparts
  • Rounded head that is broader than the thorax
  • they tend to be mobile and easy to remove
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of sucking lice?

A
  • Tend to be either grey or red depending on how much blood they have taken
  • Piercing mouthparts
  • Pointed head that is narrower than the thorax
  • They tend to remain attached to the animal
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16
Q

Where are chewing lice or mallophaga usually found?

A
  • Usually found on mammals or birds
  • they eat skin surface debris, skin flakes, scabs, feathers
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17
Q

What are some key features of sucking lice?

A
  • They are only found on mammals
  • They have specialised mouthparts for piercing skin and feeding on blood/tissue fluids
  • They have larger claws than chewing lice
  • They dont really effect dogs or cats
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18
Q

What is another name for lice eggs?

A

Nits, they are cemented individually onto hairs

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19
Q

What three categories are flies split into?

A
  • Biting flies or blood feeders
  • Non-biting or nuisance flies
  • Myiasis causing flies
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20
Q

What is another name for horse flies?

A

Tabanids

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21
Q

What are three key features about the pathogenesis of horse flies?

A
  • Painful bites, that are irritating to the animal
  • They violently abrade the skin to create a pool of blood
  • They can also transmit a number of pathogens
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22
Q

What is another name for a stable fly?

A

Stomoxys calcitrans

23
Q

What are some key features of stable flies?

A
  • They attack most animals, including humans
  • They favour the legs/ lower body
  • The bites are very painful
  • They transmit diseases such as infectious equine anaemia
24
What do midge bites lead to in horses?
'sweet itch' or hypersensitivity to bites
25
What does sweet itch in horses therefore lead to?
Causes the horses to rub their manes, tails and undersides- leading to open sores
26
What is the pathogenesis of mosquitos?
* they are up to 1cm long * most active at night * they lay their eggs in water *
27
What is the pathogenesis of sandflies?
* They are smaller than mosquitos * Found in warm climates like the mediterranean * They lay eggs in holes/ crevices * can transmit leishmania (a protozoa) in dogs and humans
28
What is the pathogenesis of Tsetse fllies?
* Biting flies * They are confined to central africa * they transmit animal trypanosomiasis and human sleeping sickness
29
What is another name for sheep ked?
Melophagus ovinus
30
What is the pathogenesis of sheep ked?
* Wingless blood feeders, * Biting 'flies' * Attaches to the host fleece and the entire lifecycle is on the animal * Transmitted to other hosts by close contact * causes itching, self-trauma via the host
31
What are the two types of non-biting/ nuisance musca flies?
* m.autumnalis (face fly) * m.domestica (house fly)
32
What is the pathogenesis of musca flies?
* Face flies swarm around the heads of cattle causing nuisance * both species reduce productivity * they can transmit pathogens, such as pinkeye
33
What is another name for a head fly?
Hydrotea irritans
34
What is the pathogenesis of head flies?
* Mostly affects sheep in the UK * Attracted to the mouth, nose, ears and eyes- causes sheep to rub their heads * Flies can then feed off the wound exudates * implicated in the spread of bovine mastitis
35
What are the three different forms of myiasis?
* Cutaneous, e.g in blow flies * Nasal/ gastro-intestinal e.g Nasal bots or stomach bots * Somatic tissue, e.g the warble fly
36
What is the pathogenesis of blowflies?
* Lucilla spp * lay eggs around decaying matter such as faeces or urine * Larvae can liquidy hosts with proteolytic enzymes * Most optimal in humid conditions after rain * Sheep/Rabbits are the most vulnerable to strike * They are rapidly fatal to the host
37
What is another word for nasal bots?
Oestrus ovis
38
What is the pathogenesis of nasal bots?
* The female squirts a jet of liquid containing larvae up the nose * The larvae can then migrate to the sinuses * They then enter the brain (ataxia and circling) * They are then sneezed onto the ground to become pupate (this is when an adult emerges)
39
What is another name for stomach bots?
Gasterophilus intestinalis
40
What is the pathogenesis of stomach bots?
* Adults lay eggs on forelimbs or shoulders these are then licked by the animal * Larvae can then tunnel into the tongue/cheeks and enter the stomach * they then attach to the stomach lining * they have charcteristic red colour lining * they remain here for a year before they are passed out in the faeces
41
What is another name for the warble fly?
Hypoderma bovis
42
What is the 'pupal window'
The time it takes for an adult to emerge from the cocoon
43
What disease do fleas cause
* Host itching/ Irritation * Flea saliva can trigger allergic responses
44
How long is the total flea lifecycle?
3-4 weeks in the summer months
45
What part of the flea in its lifecycle avoids light?
The larvae-> usually found in dark crevices and shadow-y places
46
How long do adult fleas live for?
7-10 days
47
What are horse flies also known as?
Biting flies
48
What do horse flies do to the animal?
Painful bites which are irritating to the animal They violently abrade the skin to create a pool of blood which they can then soak up They also transmit a number of pathogens, Pasteurella, EIA, trypanosomes
49
What is the pathogenesis of stable flies?
* Attack most animals, including humans * Favours the legs and lower body * Bites are painful and can transmit diseases-> Trypanosomes
50
What are the vectors for midges?
Bluetongue, Schmallenberg, African Horse Sickness Virus
51
What do mosquitos transmit?
* Equine Encephalitis * EIA * Dirofilaria * In humans = malaria, Dengue fever,
52
Where do mosquitos lay their eggs?
In the water (aquatic larvae/ pupae)
53
Where are sandflies usually found?
Found in warm climates e.g the mediterraenean Eggs are laid in holes/ Crevices
54

VMS 2003 (33 decks)

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