Salmonelliosis

Question 1

What is salmonella (features) ?

Answer 1

• Gram negative rod shaped faculative anerobic bacterium
• Motile species
• Zoonotic
• Causes disease in humans and livestock
  *

Question 2

What are the two species of salmonella?

Answer 2

• S.enterica
• S.bongori

Question 3

How many subspecies is S.enterica divided into?

Answer 3

Six

Question 4

What do the serovars gallinarum and pullorum cause?

Answer 4

“fowl typhoid” and “pullorum disease” respectively
they are both non-motile

Question 5

What does the serovar typhi cause?

Answer 5

“typhoid fever” which is the classic enteric fever

Question 6

What do the serovars Paratyphi-A and Paratyphi-B cause?

Answer 6

mild forms of enteric fever in humans, most strains do not produce hydrogen sulfide

Question 7

What do the serovars Cholerae-suis and Typhi-suis cause?

Answer 7

Severe disease in pigs

Question 8

How many serotypes of salmonella are there?

Answer 8

Over 2500
And they are distributed worldwide

Question 9

How many cases of salmonella are there a year, approximately?

Answer 9

11,000

Question 10

What is the main cause of salmonella in humans?

Answer 10

Poultry and Poultry products

Question 11

What kind of diseases does salmonella cause in humans?

Answer 11

Diarrhoeal diseases

Question 12

Name some of the selective media that salmonella can grow on?

Answer 12

• XLD
• BGA
• Rappaport
• Selenite Broth
• Rambachs
• Chromogenic agar

Question 13

Name 5 types of serotyping

Answer 13

• Slide agglutination
• PCR
• LAMP
• Arrays
• WGS

Question 14

Why is salmonella so important?

Answer 14

It causes an economically important clinical disease in livestock and humans

Question 15

What does Salmonella Choleraesuis cause?

Answer 15

Severe outbreaks of clinical disease similiar to swine fever

Question 16

What does Salmonella Typhisuis cause?

Answer 16

Chronic enteritis in young pigs

Question 17

What does Salmonella Typhimurium cause?

Answer 17

Enteritis and septicaemia

Question 18

What does S.Dublin in cattle cause?

Answer 18

terminal gangrene, meningitis, enteritis, osteomyelitis, and septicaemia

Question 19

What does S. Typhimurium and S. bovismorbifican cause

Answer 19

Enteritis and septicaemia
* Important cause of abortion in the last six weeks of pregnancy

Question 20

What serovars are responsible for typhoid or enteric fever?

Answer 20

Typhi and Paratyphi
they both cause systemic illness

Question 21

What does Salmonella Pullorum look like in poultry

Answer 21

Bacillary white diamond

Question 22

What does salmonella Gallinarum look like in poultry?

Answer 22

Fowl Typhoid

Question 23

What does salmonella arizonae look like in poultry?

Answer 23

Severe enteritis and septicaemia

Question 24

Why is salmonella an issue in poultry?

Answer 24

• Intensification
• No vaccine available for broilers
• Vertical transmission
• Emerging pathotypes
• Persistents in low numbers below detection levels
• Use of raw eggs

Question 25

How would you control salmonella in livestock?

Answer 25

* Vaccination * Biosecurity * Wildlife/ Vermin control * Surveillanvce

Question 26

What are the virulence determinants of salmonella?

Answer 26

* Fimbriae * Flagella * Outer Membrane Proteins * Secreted Proteins * Plasmids * Pathogenicity Islands * LPS

Question 27

What is the type III secretion system?

Answer 27

* First TTSS is encoded by a salmonella pathogenicity Island and translocates bacterial proteins into the host cell which is neccesary for invasion * The second TTSS is encoded by the SPI-2 and translocates proteins across the vacuolar membrane that act to enable intracellular replication

Question 28

What is SOPD?

Answer 28

Contributes to fluid secretion and Inflammatory resonse during Salmonella Infection

Question 29

What is SOPA?

Answer 29

E3 Ubiquitin LIgase and regulates Salmonella induced Intestinal Inflammation

Question 30

What is SOP E/ E2?

Answer 30

interacts with the central regulators of the host cell actin cytoskeleton

Question 31

What is the Salmonella Containing Vacuole?

Answer 31

* Inside host cells, the bacterium is enclosed in a membrane-bound compartment, called the salmonella containing vacuole * Intracellular replication of salmonella requires the translocation of effector proteins into the host cytosol * the SifA effector protein is important for the membrane stability of the SCV

Question 32

What is the role of acid resistance?

Answer 32

* Helps salmonella survive in the host gut * Adaptive response * Salmonella Typhimurium possesses two general forms of inducible acid tolerance.

Question 33

What is the role of the flagella?

Answer 33

Important for invasion and Intracellular survival

Question 34

What are the LPS important for?

Answer 34

The colonisation of chickens