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VMS 2003 > Parasitic Gut Diseases III > Flashcards

Parasitic Gut Diseases III Flashcards

1
Q

What is an important helminth in the stomach of the pig?

A

Hyostrongulus rubidus

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2
Q

What is an important helminth in the small intestine of the pig?

A
  • Ascaris suum
  • Strongyloides ransomi
  • Trichinella spiralis
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2
Q

What are some important helminths in the large intestine of the pig?

A
  • Trichuris suis
  • Oesophagostamum spp.
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2
Q

What is ascuris suum?

A

a ‘creamy-white’ roundworm
* the males can be up to 25cm, females 40cm
* they can live for several months

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What are the key notes surrounding ascaris eggs?

A
  • The eggs are resistant to low temperatures, dessication and strong chemicals
  • they can survive for up to 10 years in the soil
  • the female worms produce 200,000 eggs a day
  • earthworms and dung beetles can then ingest the eggs
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5
Q

What is trichuris suis?

A

Whipworm
* Adults creamy-white & 30-50 mm long
* Whip-like appearance – thin head & fat bottom
* Live several months

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6
Q

What is the trichuris suis lifecycle?

A
  • L1 hatch out in small intestine epithelium
  • Migrate to colon/caecum & penetrate mucosal lining
  • Undergo four molts
  • Adults mate & female lays 2,000 – 10,000 eggs per day
  • Eggs can survive for long periods in soil
  • PPP ~3 months
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7
Q

What is Hyostrongylus rubidus?

A

red stomach worm
thin reddish worms
5-10 mm long
found in the stomach

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8
Q

What are Oesophagostamum spp.?

A

nodular worms
white worms
8-14 mm long
large intestine

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9
Q

What is the lifecycle of Oesophagostamum spp. and Hyostrongulus?

A

Adults mate in the stomach or intestine
Eggs are then passed out in faeces
Eggs hatch out and then develop into L3 larvae
larvae is ingested, 2 moults occur

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10
Q

What is the epidemiology of ascaris?

A
  • Sows & boars – reservoirs of light infection
  • Highest infection at 3-6 months, partial immunity from 4 months
  • Seasonality – greatest incidence in summer
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11
Q

What is the epidemiology of trichuris?

A
  • Infection from eggs contaminating environment
  • Most heavy infection at 2-4 months of age
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12
Q

What is the clinical consequence of ascaris suum?

A
  • Mainly production loss – depressed weight gain & feed
    conversion rates
  • Occasionally intestinal obstruction
  • Pulmonary phase – transient pneumonia
  • Migrating larvae cause “milk spot” lesions in liver, fade
    after 6 weeks
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13
Q

What is the clinical consequence of Trichuris suis?

A

You can ocasionally see the disease if the infection is heavy
* inflammation of the caecal mucosa causes watery diarrhoea with blood and mucus

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14
Q

What is the clinical consequence of a Hyostrongylus rubidus infection?

A

inappetence, vomiting anaemia, loss of condition, diarrhoea

15
Q

What is the clinical consequence of Oesophagostamum spp?

A
  • Ocassional diarrhoea, depressed weight gain and feed conversion
  • pregnant sows- inappetence, they become very thin, milk production is reduced
16
Q

What are the two classes of antithelmintics currently licensed to treat helminths in pigs?

A
  • Avermectins
  • Benzimadoles
17
Q

What are the two ways you can monitor helminths in pigs?

A
  • Herd monitoring using faecal egg counts
  • abattoir surveillance for milk spots
18
Q

How can you help control pig helminths?

A
  • Hygeine (slatted floors in intensive production)
  • ensure site is properly cleaned and disinfected
  • Movement of pigs to clean ground
  • Routine deworming of backyard pigs
19
Q

What parasite type has the most significant impact on poultry?

A

Nematodes have the most significant economical impact (effects on weight gain and egg production)

20
Q

What can poultry stress lead to?

A

Increased infection/ Disease

21
Q

What is ascaridia galli?

A

The most common poultry parasite
* Hosts include chicken, turkey, goose, guinea fowl
* Transmission via faecal-oral route

22
Q

What is the average length of Ascariddia galli?

A

12cm

23
Q

What is the lifecycle of ascaridia galli?

A
  • The eggs take approximately three weeks to become infective
  • They hatch in the proventrciulus, larvae stays in the duodenal lumen for 9 days
  • they penetrate the mucosa and cause haemorrhage
  • then return to the lumen by 17-18 days
  • larvae reach maturity at 28-30 days
24
Q

What is the epidemiology of ascaridia galli?

A
  • mainly effects young birds, adults are symptomless carriers
  • the reservoir of infection is eggs on the ground
  • it’s not highly pathogenic
  • Heavy infections can cause anaemia, intermittent diarrhoea, anorexia, decrease in egg production
25
Q

What are Heterakis gallinarum?

A
  • white worms around 1.5cm long
  • larvae develop to adults in the caeca
  • the eggs take two weeks to become infective but can survive up to a year in the soil
  • Earthworms can ingest eggs and be a source of infection, generally non-pathogenic heavy infections
26
Q

How can capillaria infect?

A

they either have a direct lifecycle or can infect through worms
* they are threadlike and can take 20-26 days to mature in the host

27
Q

How do most poultry cestodes infect?

A
  • Infection via ingestion of intermediate host
  • adult worms are found in the small intestine
28
Q

What is davainea proglottina?

A

a minute tapeworm around 3-4mm long

29
Q

What is the intermediate host for davainea proglottina?

A

gastropod molluscs

30
Q

What can occur if you have a heavy infection of Davainea proglottina?

A

emaciation, dysponea, haemorrhagic enteritis, can be fatal in young birds

31
Q

How long are Raillietina spp. ?

A

around 25cm long

32
Q

What are the intermediate hosts for Raillietina spp?

A

beetles, ants, flies, slugs and snails

33
Q

What can a heavy Raillietina spp infection look like?

A

emaciation and weakness

34
Q

How can you diagnose nematodes?

A
  • Eggs in faeces
  • Post-mortem examination to look for larvae & worms – often necessary
    to take mucosal scrapings
35
Q

What is the only licensed product for nematode control?

A

Flubendazole

VMS 2003 (33 decks)

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