Peritoneal Cavity Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

abdominal cavity lined by the peritoneum

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2
Q

What are the three purposes of the peritoneum?

A
  • To provide a frictionless surface over which viscera can move
  • Site of fluid transport
  • Site of fat storage
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3
Q

What cells line the peritoneum?

A

A layer of mesothelial cells

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3
Q

What is the retroperitoneum?

A

Compartmentalised space in the abdomen located behind the peritoneum

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4
Q

What is the function of the omenta?

A
  • It connects the stomach to other organs or the body wall
  • Blood supply to metastatic tumours
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5
Q

What is important about omenta in horses?

A

Horses have a small omenta, so are less able to wall off peritoneal infections

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6
Q

What is the mesentry?

A

double fold of peritoneal tissue that suspends the small intestine and large intestine from the posterior abdominal wall

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7
Q

What is Ascites?

A

Excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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8
Q

What causes hypoproteinaemia?

A
  • Heart disease
  • Liver failure
  • Renal failure
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9
Q

What causes protein-losing enteropathy?

A
  • Johne’s disease
  • Lymphangiectasia
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10
Q

What is haemoperitoneum?

A
  • Traumatic injury to a vessel or organ
  • Ruptured tumour
  • Anticoagulants
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11
Q

When is the liver particularly prone to rupture?

A

When infiltrated by fat or amyloid

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12
Q

What is the dry form of FIP?

A

pyogranulomatous vasculitis

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13
Q

What is the wet form of FIP?

A

High-Protein Effusion in body cavities with fibrin deposition

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14
Q

What is ferret systemic coronaviral disease?

A
  • Resembles the dry form of FIP
  • Usually found in young ferrets
  • Multisystemic
  • Pyogranulomatous/ Granulomatous inflammation
  • Vasculitis
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15
Q

Name three things that may cause bacterial peritonitis

A
  • Vascular spread
  • Perforated organs
  • Foreign Bodies
16
Q

What usually causes mechanical peritonitis

A

Hardware disease

17
Q

What usually causes gastric dilation and rupture in horses?

A

Ingestion of fermentable feeds or grain

18
Q

What usually causes gastric dilation/ rupture in cattle?

A

Grain overload with lactic acidosis

19
Q

What does gastric dilation usually look like antemortem?

A

haemorrhage and inflammation

20
Q

What is bile peritonitis?

A

Rupture of the gallbladder or major bile ducts
yellow-green staining of the visceral/ parietal peritoneal surfaces

21
Q

What is pneumoperitoneum?

A

Air or gas in the abdominal cavity

22
Q

What is pneumoperitoneum usually secondary to?

A

Perforation of the GI/ Reproductive tracts

23
Q

What may cause traumatic pneumoperitoneum?

A
  • Projectiles
  • Vehicle trauma
  • Penetrating wounds
24
Q

What does nutritional fat necrosis look like?

stage 1

A
  • Diet high in lipids and low in vitamin E or other antioxidants
  • Results in the peroxidation of lipids
  • More common in cats
  • Free radicals envoke an inflammatory response
25
Q

What causes pancreatic/ enzymatic fat necrosis?

A
  • Lipase release from pancreatic necrosis
  • Lipase then converts triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
  • Produces chalky white deposits
26
Q

What causes traumatic fat necrosis?

A
  • Direct trauma to adipose tissue
  • uncommon
  • Rupture of adipocytes releases triglycerides
27
Q

What causes idiopathic fat necrosis?

A

hard lumps of dense necrotic fat can envelop intestinal loops and lead to stricture and functional blockage of ingesta

28
Q

What is mesothelioma?

A

Cancer of the stomach lining
* Sporadic in animals
* associated with asbestos in humans

29
Q

What does a pedunculated lipoma do?

A

Benign tumour that can cause intestinal strangulation

30
Q

What is the consequence of intestinal strangulation?

A

Ischaemia -> Necrosis -> Endotoxaemia/ Septicaemia -> Death