Peritoneal Cavity Immunity

Question 1

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 1

abdominal cavity lined by the peritoneum

Question 2

What are the three purposes of the peritoneum?

Answer 2

• To provide a frictionless surface over which viscera can move
• Site of fluid transport
• Site of fat storage

Question 3

What cells line the peritoneum?

Answer 3

A layer of mesothelial cells

Question 3

What is the retroperitoneum?

Answer 3

Compartmentalised space in the abdomen located behind the peritoneum

Question 4

What is the function of the omenta?

Answer 4

• It connects the stomach to other organs or the body wall
• Blood supply to metastatic tumours

Question 5

What is important about omenta in horses?

Answer 5

Horses have a small omenta, so are less able to wall off peritoneal infections

Question 6

What is the mesentry?

Answer 6

double fold of peritoneal tissue that suspends the small intestine and large intestine from the posterior abdominal wall

Question 7

What is Ascites?

Answer 7

Excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 8

What causes hypoproteinaemia?

Answer 8

• Heart disease
• Liver failure
• Renal failure

Question 9

What causes protein-losing enteropathy?

Answer 9

• Johne’s disease
• Lymphangiectasia

Question 10

What is haemoperitoneum?

Answer 10

• Traumatic injury to a vessel or organ
• Ruptured tumour
• Anticoagulants

Question 11

When is the liver particularly prone to rupture?

Answer 11

When infiltrated by fat or amyloid

Question 12

What is the dry form of FIP?

Answer 12

pyogranulomatous vasculitis

Question 13

What is the wet form of FIP?

Answer 13

High-Protein Effusion in body cavities with fibrin deposition

Question 14

What is ferret systemic coronaviral disease?

Answer 14

• Resembles the dry form of FIP
• Usually found in young ferrets
• Multisystemic
• Pyogranulomatous/ Granulomatous inflammation
• Vasculitis

Question 15

Name three things that may cause bacterial peritonitis

Answer 15

• Vascular spread
• Perforated organs
• Foreign Bodies

Question 16

What usually causes mechanical peritonitis

Answer 16

Hardware disease

Question 17

What usually causes gastric dilation and rupture in horses?

Answer 17

Ingestion of fermentable feeds or grain

Question 18

What usually causes gastric dilation/ rupture in cattle?

Answer 18

Grain overload with lactic acidosis

Question 19

What does gastric dilation usually look like antemortem?

Answer 19

haemorrhage and inflammation

Question 20

What is bile peritonitis?

Answer 20

Rupture of the gallbladder or major bile ducts
yellow-green staining of the visceral/ parietal peritoneal surfaces

Question 21

What is pneumoperitoneum?

Answer 21

Air or gas in the abdominal cavity

Question 22

What is pneumoperitoneum usually secondary to?

Answer 22

Perforation of the GI/ Reproductive tracts

Question 23

What may cause traumatic pneumoperitoneum?

Answer 23

• Projectiles
• Vehicle trauma
• Penetrating wounds

Question 24

What does nutritional fat necrosis look like?

stage 1

Answer 24

• Diet high in lipids and low in vitamin E or other antioxidants
• Results in the peroxidation of lipids
• More common in cats
• Free radicals envoke an inflammatory response

Question 25

What causes pancreatic/ enzymatic fat necrosis?

Answer 25

• Lipase release from pancreatic necrosis
• Lipase then converts triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
• Produces chalky white deposits

Question 26

What causes traumatic fat necrosis?

Answer 26

• Direct trauma to adipose tissue
• uncommon
• Rupture of adipocytes releases triglycerides

Question 27

What causes idiopathic fat necrosis?

Answer 27

hard lumps of dense necrotic fat can envelop intestinal loops and lead to stricture and functional blockage of ingesta

Question 28

What is mesothelioma?

Answer 28

Cancer of the stomach lining
* Sporadic in animals
* associated with asbestos in humans

Question 29

What does a pedunculated lipoma do?

Answer 29

Benign tumour that can cause intestinal strangulation

Question 30

What is the consequence of intestinal strangulation?

Answer 30

Ischaemia -> Necrosis -> Endotoxaemia/ Septicaemia -> Death