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VMS 2003 > Parasitic Skin Disease I > Flashcards

Parasitic Skin Disease I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two different types of Endoparasites?

A
  • Protozoa
  • Helminths
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2
Q

What are the two different components of arthropods

A

Arachnids and Insects

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of Insects?

A
  • Flies (Diptera)
  • Anoplura (Sucking Lice)
  • Mallophaga (chewing or biting lice)
  • Fleas (Siphonaptera)
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4
Q

What does metameric mean?

A

divided into segments

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5
Q

What are five features of arthropods?

A
  • Metameric
  • Contains over 80% of all known animal species
  • Possess a hard chitinous exoskeleton and moults during development
  • Segmented body and jointed limbs
  • Separate sexes so mating is required
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6
Q

What is a nymph?

A

The immature form of an insect, looks like the adult but smaller

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7
Q

What is larva?

A

Immature form of an insect but with a different morphology

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8
Q

What is the difference between soft and hard ticks in the life cycle?

A

Hard ticks molt from a nymph to an adult and always feed on blood
Soft ticks can molt from a nymph to another nypmh and dont always feed on blood as adults

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9
Q

How long does the full mite lifecycle take approximately?

A

Around 2-3 weeks

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10
Q

What are some examples of Burrowing Mites?

A

Sarcoptes, Demodex, Notoedres

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11
Q

What are some examples of non-burrowing mites?

A

Psoroptes, Chorioptes, Otodectes

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12
Q

What type of mites have shorter legs?

A

Burrowing

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13
Q

List 5 key facts about sarcoptes scabei

A
  • Burrowing Mite
  • Can affect all domestic animals and humans (is therefore zoonotic)
  • The female adult mates and then digs into the epidermis
  • Lays 2-4 eggs a day
  • Causes sarcoptic Mange
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14
Q

List 5 key facts about sarcoptic mange

A
  • Transmitted via close contact
  • caused by the burrowing damage of mites plus the release on antigenic substances in mite saliva/faeces
  • Causes intense itching and self-inflicted trauma/ pruritus
  • Can cause hide damage in production animals
  • Welfare issue
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15
Q

List 6 key facts about Demodex

A
  • Burrowing Mite
  • Cigar shaped with 8 legs
  • Lives in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the skin
  • Lifecycle usually takes around 3 weeks
  • Usually a harmless commensal of the skin
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16
Q

What is the name of the mite that causes demodecosis?

A

Demodex

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17
Q

List 5 key facts about demodecosis

A
  • Also called demodectic mange
  • can lead to generalised demodicosis
  • itchy if the mite numbers are high
  • Can look like a localised area of alopecia
  • Usually goes along with generalised disease
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18
Q

What type of mite is psoroptes ovis and what does it cause?

A

Non-Burrowing Mite that causes sheep scab

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19
Q

List 5 key facts about psoroptes ovis

A
  • The mouthparts abrade the skin
  • Intense itching and wool loss (sheep scab)
  • Can be fatal if left untrested
  • Notifiable disease in scotland
  • Not Zoonotic
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20
Q

List 5 key facts about Chorioptes bovis

A
  • Causes localised or generalised mange
  • Most common in cattle and horses
  • Non-Burrowing Mite
  • Highland cattle are the most prone
  • It is less pathogenic than psoroptes
21
Q

List 5 key facts about Otodectes cyanotis

A
  • Non-Burrowing Mite
  • Mainly in Cats and Dogs
  • Very Common
  • Inhabits deep inside the ear canal
  • Produces a dark dry discharge from inside the ears and causes itching
22
Q

List 5 key facts about Cheyletiella

A
  • Non-burrowing Mite
  • Common in Rabbits, Cats and dogs
  • Causes Excessive scale and slight itchiness
  • Very Motile/ can walk
  • Zoonotic
23
Q

List 5 key facts about Dermanyssus spp.

A
  • Non-Burrowing
  • Red Mite of poultry
  • Blood feeders (they are grey before feeding)
  • The eggs are laid off the host, they have a short lifecycle
  • Can Bite Humans
24
Q

What burrowing mite is usally a harmless commensal of the skin?

A

Demodex

24
Q

What kind of ecotoparasites are hard ticks?

temporaryor non temporary

A

Temporary, this means they drop off and live in the environment

25
Q

During what seasons are hard ticks active and inactive?

A

They are usually inactive in the winter, they increase activity in the spring and early summer so they can feed
activity then reduces in the peak summer and there is a second peak of activity in the autumn

26
Q

What are the two most common tick species in the UK?

A
  • Ixodes ricinus
  • I.hexagonus
27
Q

What kind of climates do soft ticks tend to live in?

A

Warmer/ More tropical climates

28
Q

When are soft ticks mostly active?

A

They are mostly active at night

29
Q

Name 5 acaricides for mite and tick treatment

A
  • Moxidectin
  • Fipronil
  • Amitraz
  • Afoxolaner
  • Flumethrin
30
Q

What is the lifecycle of Mites?

A
  • They undergo simple metamorphosis with both the larval and nymphal stages resembling adults
  • They have two distinct sexes with females laying eggs on the host
  • Larva then hatches, may or may not feed and then molts to a nymph
  • Nymph then feeds and molts to another nymph or adult
  • They tend to spend their entire lifecycle on the host, transmission is usually via direct contact
31
Q

What is the lifecycle of ticks?

A
  • Simple metamorphosis with both larval and nymphal stages resembling adults
  • Separate sexes with females laying eggs off the host
  • Larva hatches, feeds on the host then moults to a nymph
  • Nymph feeds on the host and then moults to another nymph
  • All adult hard ticks feed on blood but not all adult soft ticks do
32
Q

How long is the average mite lifecycle?

A

2-3 weeks

33
Q

Where does demodex live in the skin?

A

Lives in hair follicles and sebaceous glands

34
Q

What does psoroptes ovis cause?

A

‘sheep scab’ or psoroptic mange

35
Q

How does psoroptes trigger an allergic response?

A

Mouthparts abrade the skin and contaminate it with mite faeces -> goes on to cause an allergic response

36
Q

What are the clinical signs of psoroptes ovis?

A

intense itching and wool loss

37
Q

What mite is a notifiable disease in scotland?

A

Psoroptes ovis

38
Q

What cattle are more prone to chorioptes bovis?

A

Highland cattle are more prone due to being in a microclimate
Chorioptes is less pathogenic than psoroptes

39
Q

Where does otodectes cyanotis inhabit?

A

Deep inside the ear canal of mainly cats and dogs, produces a dark brown/ dry discharge and causes itching

40
Q

What species does cheyletiella usually inhabit?

A

Rabbits, cats and dogs
It is very motile and usually called ‘walking dandruff’

41
Q

What mite is a blood feeder, usually found on birds that is also known to bite humans

A

Dermanyssus spp.

42
Q

What are the most common tick type in the UK?

A

Hard ticks (with the chitinous dorsal plate also known as a scutum)

43
Q

What is the average lifecycle of the hard tick?

A
  • Blood feeding occurs at each stage
  • Once fed (around 1-2 weeks) they drop off and live in the environment
  • The adult female feeds to obtain protein in the blood for her eggs and can swell to 2-3 times her original size
44
Q

When are hard ticks usally inactive?

A

Normally inactive in the winter, they feed in the spring and early summer, there is an activity reduction in summer and a second activity peak in autumn

45
Q

What are the most common hard tick species in the UK?

A

Ixodes ricinus, I. hexagonus

46
Q

Where are soft ticks most commonly found?

A

Usually live in warm/ tropical climates
They undergo one larval and several nymph stages
More drough tolerant than hard ticks
Mostly active at night
Live mainly in the hosts pen/ nest

47
Q

What are the two main ways you can treat for mites and ticks?

A
  • Regular examination of the animals and removal if found
  • Acaricides (Moxidectin, Fipronil, Amitraz)
48
Q

What are the clinical signs of demodecosis

caused by demodex

A
  • There is often no signs at all as demodex is a commensal
  • Can lead to generalised demodicosis
  • Can be itchy if the mite numbers are high
  • Sometimes its just a localised area of alopecia
  • You should always check for underlying disease

VMS 2003 (33 decks)

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