Hoof Pathology I- Ruminants Flashcards
What are 6 problems that are associated with lameness?
- Welfare
- Increased Calviing interval
- Public Perception
- Reduced Milk yields
- Labour costs
- Increased culling
What are the 4 success factors for healthy feet?
- Low infection pressure
- Good hoof shape and horn quality
- Early detection and prompt, effective treatment of lame cows
- Low forces on the feet and good cow comfort
What are the two non-infectious causes of cattle lameness?
- Sole bruising/ Ulcers
- White line disease
What is the non-infectious cause of sheep lameness?
White line disease
What are the three infectious causes of cattle lameness?
- Digital dermatitis
- Interdigital necrobacillosis
- Heel Horn erosion
What are the three infectious causes of sheep lameness
- Scald
- Foot rot
- Contagious ovine digital dermatitis
How do sole ulcers occur?
- Pressure from P3 onto the corium
- Most severe at the flexor tuberosity on P3
- Inflammation -> Oedema -> Haemorrhage at the corium
- Disruption of horn growth
- Results in an area of exposed dermis
What are the underlying causes of sole ulcers?
- Standing times
- Horn shape
- Digital cushion
- Suspensory apparatus
- Coriosis
What three things can cause damage to the white line?
- Haemorrhage
- Foreign bodies
- Poor hoof conformation and horn quality
What are the underlying causes of white line disease?
- Shearing forces
- Haemorrhage
- Hoof conformation
- White line health
- Stretching of collagen fibres
What causes collagen fibre stretching?
Relaxin and MMP release
What do treponema species cause?
- Polymicrobial infections
- Highly contagious
- they are a superficial, erosive infection of the skin
What are the underlying causes of bovine digital dermatitis?
- Poor foot hygeine
- Poor biosecurity
- Lack of preventative treatment
- Poor lesion detection
What are the two steps to interdigital necrobacillus?
- Damage to the interdigital skin ascending to deep soft tissue
- Bacterial infection that starts in the interdigital space
What can cause damage to the interdigital skin?
- Trauma
- Prolonged standing in deep mud/ slurry/ water