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VMS 2003 > Hoof Pathology I- Ruminants > Flashcards

Hoof Pathology I- Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

What are 6 problems that are associated with lameness?

A
  • Welfare
  • Increased Calviing interval
  • Public Perception
  • Reduced Milk yields
  • Labour costs
  • Increased culling
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2
Q

What are the 4 success factors for healthy feet?

A
  • Low infection pressure
  • Good hoof shape and horn quality
  • Early detection and prompt, effective treatment of lame cows
  • Low forces on the feet and good cow comfort
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3
Q

What are the two non-infectious causes of cattle lameness?

A
  • Sole bruising/ Ulcers
  • White line disease
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4
Q

What is the non-infectious cause of sheep lameness?

A

White line disease

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5
Q

What are the three infectious causes of cattle lameness?

A
  • Digital dermatitis
  • Interdigital necrobacillosis
  • Heel Horn erosion
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6
Q

What are the three infectious causes of sheep lameness

A
  • Scald
  • Foot rot
  • Contagious ovine digital dermatitis
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7
Q

How do sole ulcers occur?

A
  • Pressure from P3 onto the corium
  • Most severe at the flexor tuberosity on P3
  • Inflammation -> Oedema -> Haemorrhage at the corium
  • Disruption of horn growth
  • Results in an area of exposed dermis
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8
Q

What are the underlying causes of sole ulcers?

A
  • Standing times
  • Horn shape
  • Digital cushion
  • Suspensory apparatus
  • Coriosis
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9
Q

What three things can cause damage to the white line?

A
  • Haemorrhage
  • Foreign bodies
  • Poor hoof conformation and horn quality
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10
Q

What are the underlying causes of white line disease?

A
  • Shearing forces
  • Haemorrhage
  • Hoof conformation
  • White line health
  • Stretching of collagen fibres
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11
Q

What causes collagen fibre stretching?

A

Relaxin and MMP release

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12
Q

What do treponema species cause?

A
  • Polymicrobial infections
  • Highly contagious
  • they are a superficial, erosive infection of the skin
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13
Q

What are the underlying causes of bovine digital dermatitis?

A
  • Poor foot hygeine
  • Poor biosecurity
  • Lack of preventative treatment
  • Poor lesion detection
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14
Q

What are the two steps to interdigital necrobacillus?

A
  • Damage to the interdigital skin ascending to deep soft tissue
  • Bacterial infection that starts in the interdigital space
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15
Q

What can cause damage to the interdigital skin?

A
  • Trauma
  • Prolonged standing in deep mud/ slurry/ water
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16
Q

What two bacteria go on to cause interdigital necrobacillus?

A
  1. Fusobacterium necrophorum
  2. Trueperella pyogenes
17
Q

What is scald?

A

superficial infection of the interdigital skin

18
Q

What bacterium causes scald?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

19
Q

What is scald a precurser to?

A

It is a precurser to foot rot

20
Q

When is scald common?

A

Scald is common in grass in wet conditions

21
Q

What is foot rot a sequel to?

A

Sequel to scald

22
Q

What is the pathogenesis of foot rot?

A

Erosion of the axial hoof wall, with deep infection of digital tissues and underrunning of the sole

23
Q

What bacteria causes foot rot?

A

Dichelobacter nodosus and fusobacterium necrophorum

24
Q

What disease is extremely painful and foul smelling?

A

Foot rot

25
Q

What three bacteria cause contagious ovine digital dermatitis?

A

Mixed infection
1. Treponema spp.
2. F.necrophorum
3. D.nodosus

26
Q

How does contagious ovine digital dermatitis occur?

A
  • Primary lesion at the coronary band
  • under running of the hoof wall
  • hoof wall detachment
  • sloughing of the hoof capsule
27
Q

What is the main pathology of foot rot?

A

Separation at the skin/ horn junction -> spreads across the axial wall, sole and abaxial wall -> sloughing of the hoof capsule

28
Q

What is the main pathology of CODD?

A

Under-running of the hoof wall -> sloughing of the hoof capsule

29
Q

What is the pathogenesis of toe granulomas?

A

Disruption of the sole/ wall horn due to over-trimming -> exposure of the corium -> granuloma formation

VMS 2003 (33 decks)

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