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VMS 2003 > Pathology of the Alimentary Tract- Forestomachs > Flashcards

Pathology of the Alimentary Tract- Forestomachs Flashcards

1
Q

What is “frothy bloat” ?

A

Gas entrapment within ‘froth’ in the rumen

usually due to legume feeding

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2
Q

What is ‘free gas bloat’

A

inability to eliminate free gas from the rumen

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3
Q

What three things can cause Free gas Bloat?

A
  1. Overproduction of free gas
  2. Failure to eructation
  3. Functional dysruption to the rumen
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4
Q

What are the 5 clinical signs of rumenal tympany?

A
  • abdominal distension
  • Rumenal hypomobility
  • Pain, discomfort, Vocalisation
  • Tachypnoea
  • Recumbancy and death
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5
Q

What is optimal for normal rumen function?

A
  • Normal pH of 6-7 (buffered by saliva)
  • Consistent diet
  • High levels of cellulose and hemicellulose
  • Slow passage of ingesta through the GI tract
  • Time to chew cud
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6
Q

What are the risk factors for rumenal acidosis?

A
  • Size of concentrated feeds
  • Feeding frequency
  • Overall starch levels
  • Forage access
  • Ration sorting
  • Transition
  • Cow comfort
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7
Q

What is the aetiology for acute rumenal acidosis?

A

Grain Overload

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8
Q

What is the aetiology for subacute rumenal acidosis?

A
  • Chronic exposure to high starch levels
  • Lack of physically effective NDF
  • Herd level problem
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9
Q

What are the three usual pathologies of rumenal acidosis?

A
  • Rumenal tympany
  • Diarrhoea
  • Rumenitis- inflammation of the rumen wall
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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute rumenal acidosis?

A
  • Rumenal tympany and diarrhoea
  • Tachyponea
  • Recumbancy and death
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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of subacute rumenal acidosis?

A
  • decreased milk production
  • decreased milk butterfat score
  • Decreased BCS
  • Decreased rumination and drropped cuds
  • Poor fertility rate
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12
Q

What is the most common abomasal disorder?

A

Left Displaced Abomasum

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13
Q

What is left displaced abomasum?

A

Gas-distended abomasum displaced between the left abdominal wall and the rumen
Duodenum then becomes compressed and restricts outflow
Ocassionally intermittent or floating

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of left displaced abomasum?

A
  • Selective anorexia (refusal to eat concentrates)
  • Decrease in milk production
  • Decreased rumen fill/ motility
  • Extension of the caudal part of the ribcage
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15
Q

How does a right displaced abomasum occur?

A
  • Abomasum floats up on the right hand side
  • Rotates over 90/ 180 degrees
  • Volvulus/ Torsion
  • Obstruction of the blood supply
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16
Q

What is the consequence of a RDA blood supply obstruction?

A
  • Sequestrium of ions and fluid within the lumen
  • Necrosis of abomasla mucosa and translocation of bacteria
  • Shock and metabolic derangement -> Death
17
Q

What are the clinical signs of a right displaced abomasum?

A
  • Anorexia
  • Decreased Milk production
  • Decreased rumen fill/ Motility
18
Q

What may you observe when diagnosing SARA?

A
  • Poor cow cleanliness
  • Tail swishing
  • Decreased Rumination
  • Decreased Performance
19
Q

What is the functional aetiology of an abomasal disorder?

A

Can either be metabolic or nutritional

20
Q

What is the physical aetiology of a rumenal disorder?

A
  • reduced DMI and rumen fill
  • Pre-Calving left shift
  • Post calving potential space
  • Genetics
21
Q

What is the aetiology of traumatic reticuloperitonitis?

A

Ingestion of a sharp/ penetrating object

22
Q

What is the pathogenesis of traumatic reticuloperitonitis?

A
  • Localised in th reticulum
  • trapped in a honeycomb structure
  • object penetrates the reticulum wall due to cotractions
  • peritonitis due to bacterial seeding
23
Q

What are the clinical signs of traumatic reticuloperitonitis?

A
  • Anorexia
  • Arched back
  • Tachycardia
  • decreased GI stasis
  • Decreased Milk yield
24
Q

How could you diagnose TRP?

A
  • anterior abdominal pain tests
  • Ausculation
  • Abdominocentesis
  • Ultrasonography
  • Fibrinogen test
25
Q

What is the aetiology of abomasal ulceration?

A
  • Stress
  • High starch
  • Concurrent disease
26
Q

What is the pathogenesis of abomasal ulceration?

A
  • Ulcers on the abomasal wall
  • Haemorrhage
  • Peritonitis
27
Q

What are the clinical sigs of abomasal ulceration?

A
  • Foul smelling faeces
  • Melena
  • Anaemia
  • Tachycardia
28
Q

What does clostridium sordelli cause?

A

High milk intake in lambs 4-10 weeks old
abomasal wall = emphysematous

29
Q

What does clostridium septicum cause?

A
  • Abomastitis
  • Ingested frosted forage
  • frosted feed damages the mucosa of the abomasum
30
Q
A

VMS 2003 (33 decks)

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