Ventricular System And Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 1

What is the ventricular system continuous with?

Answer 1

Subarachnoid space and central canal

Question 2

What separates the bodies of the lateral ventricles?

Answer 2

Septum pellucidum, with corpus callosum sitting on the roof

Question 3

Hippocampus sits in the?

Answer 3

Inferior horn

Question 4

Caudate nucleus sits in the?

Answer 4

Laterally to the lateral ventricles

Question 5

How do lateral ventricles communicate with 3rd ventricle?

Answer 5

Interventricular Foramen, also called Foramen of monro

Question 6

What forms roof of 3rd ventricle?

Answer 6

Fornix

Question 7

Third ventricle communicates with the 4th ventricle via?

Answer 7

Cerebral aqueduct, aqueduct of Sylvius, surrounded by midbrain

Question 8

Fourth ventricle is surrounded by?

Answer 8

Hindbrain
Cerebellum posterior
Pons and medulla anterior
Cerebellar peduncles lateral

Question 9

3 foramina exit into subarachnoid space?

Answer 9

2 foramina of luschka lateral

One Foramen of magendie middle

Into the cisterna manga

Question 10

CSF is produced by?

Answer 10

Choroid plexus

Question 11

What does choroid plexus do?

Answer 11

Filters blood from branches of internal carotid and basilar arteries

Question 12

What is structure of choroid plexus?

Answer 12

Capillary network surrounded by cuboidal epithelium, blood filtered through fenestrated capillaries

Question 13

What are the tight junctions for?

Answer 13

Prevent macromolecules from entering CSF

Question 14

What is different about CSF to plasma?

Answer 14

Low protein

Very few leukocytes

Question 15

Where are arachnoid granulations?

Answer 15

In superior Sagittal sinuses and transverse sinuses

Question 16

Why is high CSF pressure compared to venous pressure good?

Answer 16

Prevents blood pooling in subarachnoid space

Question 17

If venous pressure exceeds CSF pressure then?

Answer 17

Tip of arachnoid granulations close off

Question 18

Volume of CSF produced per day?

Answer 18

600-700 ml

Question 19

How much fluid in ventricles?

Answer 19

25 ml

Question 20

How often is CSF replaced a day?

Answer 20

4 times

Question 21

If CSF is yellow, orange or pink?

Answer 21

Xanthocromia

Subarachnoid haemorrhage, lysis of red blood cells and haemoglobin release

Question 22

Cloudy turbid CSF?

Answer 22

Bacterial meningitis

Leukocytes increased
Indicative of infection

Question 23

Where does CSF sampling happen?

Answer 23

Lumbar cistern

L3/4- adults
L4/5 children

Question 24

Non communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 24

Blockage within ventricular system, e.g cyst tumour stenosis

Surgery inset shunt to reduce intracranial pressure

Question 25

Dandy walker syndrome?

Answer 25

Congenital malformation of cerebellum, 1:30,000 births

Obstruction within foramina of 4th ventricle, dilation of lateral ventricle, 3rd and 4th

Question 26

Communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 26

Obstruction in arachnoid villi, movement of CSF into venous sinuses is impeded

E.g impaired absorption following subarachnoid haemorrhage trauma or bacterial meningitis