Motor Learning And neurological Syndromes

Question 1

Lower motor neuron starts?

Answer 1

In spinal cord

Question 2

Corticospinal tract is derived from cells in which layer?

Answer 2

V, brodmans area 4

Question 3

What percentage of fibres decussate in lateral corticospinal tract?

Answer 3

90

Question 4

Rubrospinal tract allows?

Answer 4

Flexion of upper limbs

Question 5

Lateral vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tract is for?

Answer 5

Extensor muscles

Question 6

Medial vestibulospinal tract and tectospinal supplies?

Answer 6

Head and neck muscles

Question 7

Tectospinal tract?

Answer 7

From eyes and movement of head and neck

Question 8

Reticulospinal tract function?

Answer 8

Extend arms and legs

Question 9

Lesion above red nucleus?

Answer 9

Causes flexion of upper limbs

Question 10

Lesion below red nucleus?

Answer 10

Extension of limbs

Question 11

Upper motor neuron clue?

Answer 11

Brisker reflexes because less inhibition of interneurons

Increased tone - spasticity

Preserved upper limb flexion and lower limb extension

Extensor and plantar reflex

Question 12

Babinski reflex?

Answer 12

Corticospinal tract lesion, toes fan out

Question 13

Difference in Bell’s palsy and stroke?

Answer 13

Bells is lower motor neuron so takes out full side

Question 14

Parasagittal meningioma would cause?

Answer 14

Bilateral leg weakness and spasticity, because upper motor neuron

Question 15

Anterior cerebral artery weakness would cause?

Answer 15

Contralateral leg weakness, proximal lesion of middle cerebral artery could too

Question 16

Abulia cause?

Answer 16

Anterior cerebral artery stroke

Question 17

Abulia definition?

Answer 17

Loss or impairment of ability to make decisions or act independently

Question 18

Jacksonian seizure?

Answer 18

Spread down the arm, partial onset simple motor becoming secondarily generalised

Question 19

Posterior parietal cortex?

Damage?

Answer 19

Area 5 somatosensory and area 7 visual pathway

Perceive but not attend (NEGLECT)

Question 20

Pre-motor area?

Answer 20

Proximal movements and more rough, guided by external visual cues

Lesions in PMA disrupt learned responses to visual cues

Question 21

Supplementary motor area?

Answer 21

Distal more fine movements

Question 22

What is measured for supplementary motor area movements?

Answer 22

Bereitschaftspotential

Question 23

Apraxia?

Answer 23

Inability to carry out purposeful movements in absence of paralysis or paresis

Question 24

Ideational apraxia?

Answer 24

Unable to report sequence

Question 25

Ideomotor apraxia?

Answer 25

Unable to use the tool

Question 26

Dystonia?

Answer 26

Sustained muscle contractions, twisting and repetitive movements.

Question 27

Middle cerebral artery occlusion?

Answer 27

Proximal lesion affects internal capsule so complete hemispheres is

Distal lesion- may spare leg area, but swelling and ichaemia may compromise functions

Question 28

Anterior cerebral artery stroke would cause?

Answer 28

Paresis of leg>arm

Frontal signs e.g abulia

Question 29

In mental rehearsal of finger movements which area?

Answer 29

Supplementary motor area SMA

Question 30

Role of anterior cingulate cortex?

Answer 30

Emotional expression, attention allocation and mood regulation