Motor Learning And neurological Syndromes Flashcards
Lower motor neuron starts?
In spinal cord
Corticospinal tract is derived from cells in which layer?
V, brodmans area 4
What percentage of fibres decussate in lateral corticospinal tract?
90
Rubrospinal tract allows?
Flexion of upper limbs
Lateral vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tract is for?
Extensor muscles
Medial vestibulospinal tract and tectospinal supplies?
Head and neck muscles
Tectospinal tract?
From eyes and movement of head and neck
Reticulospinal tract function?
Extend arms and legs
Lesion above red nucleus?
Causes flexion of upper limbs
Lesion below red nucleus?
Extension of limbs
Upper motor neuron clue?
Brisker reflexes because less inhibition of interneurons
Increased tone - spasticity
Preserved upper limb flexion and lower limb extension
Extensor and plantar reflex
Babinski reflex?
Corticospinal tract lesion, toes fan out
Difference in Bell’s palsy and stroke?
Bells is lower motor neuron so takes out full side
Parasagittal meningioma would cause?
Bilateral leg weakness and spasticity, because upper motor neuron
Anterior cerebral artery weakness would cause?
Contralateral leg weakness, proximal lesion of middle cerebral artery could too
Abulia cause?
Anterior cerebral artery stroke
Abulia definition?
Loss or impairment of ability to make decisions or act independently
Jacksonian seizure?
Spread down the arm, partial onset simple motor becoming secondarily generalised
Posterior parietal cortex?
Damage?
Area 5 somatosensory and area 7 visual pathway
Perceive but not attend (NEGLECT)
Pre-motor area?
Proximal movements and more rough, guided by external visual cues
Lesions in PMA disrupt learned responses to visual cues
Supplementary motor area?
Distal more fine movements
What is measured for supplementary motor area movements?
Bereitschaftspotential
Apraxia?
Inability to carry out purposeful movements in absence of paralysis or paresis
Ideational apraxia?
Unable to report sequence
Ideomotor apraxia?
Unable to use the tool
Dystonia?
Sustained muscle contractions, twisting and repetitive movements.
Middle cerebral artery occlusion?
Proximal lesion affects internal capsule so complete hemispheres is
Distal lesion- may spare leg area, but swelling and ichaemia may compromise functions
Anterior cerebral artery stroke would cause?
Paresis of leg>arm
Frontal signs e.g abulia
In mental rehearsal of finger movements which area?
Supplementary motor area SMA
Role of anterior cingulate cortex?
Emotional expression, attention allocation and mood regulation
