Neurobiology Of Reward And Addiction

Question 1

Tolerance?

Answer 1

Diminished response to the effects of a given amount of drug following repeated exposure to that drug

Question 2

Anticipation of reward happens where?

Answer 2

Nucleus accumbens

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is an error or learning signal?

Answer 3

Dopamine

Question 4

Unpredictable stimulus, what lights up?

Answer 4

Nucleus accumbens

Question 5

What lights up in Predictable stimulus?

Answer 5

Temporal lobe

Question 6

After repeated drug exposure what happens to VTA?

Answer 6

Shrinks, less DA available.

Question 7

Drugs affecting bVTA?

Answer 7

Psychostimulants, opiates, alcohol, nictoine

Question 8

Psychostimulants and nicotine method of action?

Answer 8

Increases Nacc DA directly and indirectly

Question 9

Opiates and alcohol method of action?

Answer 9

Disinhibit VTA DA neurons. Opiates inhibit GABAergic interneurons in VTA

Question 10

D2 have an?

Answer 10

Inhibitory effect, less camp and pka activation and depolarising ion channels

Question 11

Psychomotor stimulants, emotional dependence is caused how?

Answer 11

Compensatory changes in VTA and NAcc to lower DA transmission,

No drug low DA

Question 12

How do we get addicted?

Answer 12

Neuronal adaptations- tolerance

Dependence

Question 13

How does cocaine work?

Answer 13

Blocks and inhibits the transporter

Question 14

Amphetamine works?

Answer 14

Reverses transporter

Question 15

Effects of cocaine and amphetamine?

Answer 15

Decreased DA transporters, celllular and molecular changes, increased activity of VTA tyrosine hydroxylase, CREB, GluR1 AMPA
Hypofrontality

Question 16

Drugs of abuse cause?

Answer 16

Increase in the AMPA,NMDA ratio

Question 17

Opiates work on Gi receptors by?

Answer 17

Decrease adrenal cyclise leading to open K channels and closing Ca

Question 18

Morphine analgesic and rewarding properties happen through?

Answer 18

Mu receptors

Question 19

Opiate antagonist to treat relapse in alcoholics?

Answer 19

Naltrexone

Question 20

Dependence in opiates can cause increase LC firing on withdrawal. What can it be blocked by

Answer 20

Clonidine, a2 adrenergic receptor agonist