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202 > Autonomic Pathways > Flashcards

Autonomic Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Fibres from hypothalamus?

A

Medial forebrain bundle

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2
Q

Where do preganglionic neurons sit?

A

Lateral horn

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3
Q

Hippocampus sits where?

A

Inferior horn of lateral ventricle

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4
Q

Sympathetic innervation?

A

T1 to l2

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5
Q

Parasympathetic innervation?

A

Brainstem S2 to S4

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6
Q

Myelination?

A

Preganglionic- myelinated postganglionic-unmyelinated

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7
Q

Axons from brain stem/ spinal cord do not pass directly to effector organs except?

A

Sympathetic supply to adrenal medulla

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8
Q

Sympathetic postganglion - neurotransmitter?

A

Noradrenaline except in sweat glands where it is acetylcholine

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9
Q

Alpha1 antagonist?

A

Prazosin for hypertension

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10
Q

Beta one antagonist?

A

Atenolol for hypertension

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11
Q

Beta 2 agonist?

A

Salbutamol for asthma

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12
Q

Metabotropic receptors?

A

Alpha 1,2 beta 1,2,3

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13
Q

Sweat glands postganglionic?

A

Acetylcholine

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14
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic?

A

Muscarinic

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15
Q

Muscarinic antagonist?

A

Atropine, used to treat bradycardia dilated pupils and glandular secretions

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16
Q

How do preganglionic fibres enter sympathetic trunk from lateral horn thoracic?

A

White rami communicans (myelinated)

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17
Q

Preganglionic fibres either?

A

synapse in ganglion or

pass through in splanchnic nerves to synapse in prevertebral ganglia

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18
Q

Postganglionic fibres either?

A

Go To periphery via grey rami communicans back into spinal nerves

or visceral/head via medial branches and plexus

From prevertebral ganglia, postganglionic fibres form plexus around viscera

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19
Q

How many cervical ganglia are there?

A

Three superior middle and inferior

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20
Q

What is A stellate ganglion

A

It is a fusion of the inferior Cervical and first thoracic ganglia, which is anterior to the neck of the first rib.

21
Q

What is stellate ganglion block useful for?

A

Treatment of chronic pain

22
Q

How do cervical sympathetic postganglionic fibres travel to the heart?

A

Via the common carotid artery

23
Q

Internal carotid plexus supplies and action?

A

Dilate the pupil and raises the eyelid

Inhibit secretions of the lacrimal gland

24
Q

External carotid plexus supplies and action?

A

Inhibits secretions of the submandibular and parotid gland.

25
Q

Horners syndrome?

A

Disruption of the sympathetic supply to the head causing constriction of pupil, drooping of eyelid and lack of sweating.

26
Q

What is miosis?

A

Constriction of pupil

27
Q

Ptosis

A

Dropping of eyelid

28
Q

Anhidrosis

A

Lack Of sweating

29
Q

What are the thoracic splanchnic nerves?

A

Greater, Lesser least to prevertebral ganglia

30
Q

Where does oculomotor nerve come from?

A

Edinger Westphalia nucleus in midbrain

31
Q

What is the cranial nerve nuclei for the facial nerve?

A

Superior Salivatory nucleus pons

32
Q

Which cranial nuclei does the glossopharyngeal nerve come from?

A

Inferior salivatory nuclei pons

33
Q

Vagus nerve comes from which nuclei?

A

Nucleus Ambiguous, dorsal motor nucleus in medulla

34
Q

Which ganglia are for the cranium?

A

Ciliary ganglion, Otic ganglion, submandibular ganglion, pterygoPalatine ganglion

35
Q

Auerbach’s

A

Regulates muscle contraction

36
Q

Meissners

A

Regulates glandula secretions

37
Q

Afferent pathway?

A

Dorsal roots, Glossopharyngeal nerve via carotid body/sinus

Vagus nerve via aortic body

38
Q

In the brainstem descending fibres from hypothalamus innervate?

A

Parasympathetic cranial nerve nuclei and critical autonomic centres in the ventrolateral medulla

39
Q

Adrenergic receptors are?

A

Metabotropic g coupled so slow

A1- blood vessels

B1- Heart

B2- bronchus

40
Q

In adrenal medulla acetylcholine binds to?

A

Chromaffin cells which causes release of adrenaline and noradrenaline into circulation

41
Q

In postganglionic parasympathetic neurons the neurotransmitter is?

A

Acetylcholine binding to muscarinic receptor g coupled so slow

42
Q

What is the ratio of pre to postganglionic neurons?

A

1:20

43
Q

How do postganglionic sympathetic fibres reach the head?

A

So from cervical ganglia, they come down through the common carotid then up through the internal/external carotid artery

44
Q

What causes horners syndrome?

A

Lesion within brainstem/ cervical spinal cord, anywhere between hypothalamus to preganglionic neurons

45
Q

Thoracic sympathetic fibres exit via?

A

Grey rami communicates- spinal nerves

Medial branches- heart and lungs

46
Q

Sacral splanchnic nerves to pelvic organs are?

A

Sympathetic whereas others are mainly preganglionic

47
Q

Sacral parasympathetic level?

A

S2-S4

48
Q

What does parasympathetic function do in sexual tissues?

A

Vasodilation in erectile tissues

202 (58 decks)

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