Anaesthetic Agents Flashcards
What order of depression in brain?
Cortex, midbrain, spinal cord, medulla
Dysarthria?
Motor speech disorder, slurring of speech
How long do inhalation anaesthetics take to work?
30-40 seconds
How long do venous circulation anaesthetics take to work?
5 to 10 seconds
How do anaesthesia work?
Some stimulate inhibitory receptors: GABA A and glycine
Some inhibit excitatory receptors: glutamate NMDA, nicotine’s and serotonin
Inhalation agents?
Oxygen, nitrous oxide, isoflurane
Oxygen side effects?
Free radicals, CNS convulsions, pulmonary oxygen toxicity, CO2 narcosis
Nitrous oxide MAC?
105%
Biggest problem with ether?
Being sick
Chloroform?
Causes arrhythmias
Halothane problems?
Halothane hepatitis
Isoflurane problem?
Side effects to CVS/RS and irritant to airway
Best anaesthetic?
Sevoflurane, MAC 2% and 5% metabolised, still expensive, emergence phenomena
When would you use desflurane?
Obese patient
Induction agents?
Intravenous
CVS/RS depression in intravenous agents because of
Drop in resistance and stroke volume
Which drug has a long half life?
Thiopentone
Intravenous agent most popular?
Propofol, anti emetic, anti epileptic, painful to inject and abnormal movements
Date rape drug?
Midazolam
Triad?
Anaesthetic, analgesic, muscle relaxants
How do you facilitate intubation?
With muscle relaxant
Depolarising agents?
Bind to acetylcholine receptors on post synaptic cell and stay there. Broken down by choliesterase
Depolarising agent example:
Suxamethonium, short half life 2 min, many side effects (anaphylaxis)
Non-depolarising blockers?
Blocks acetylcholine receptors, no depolarisation, lasts much longer (30 mins)
Depolarising agents e.g
Steroid group e.g rocuronium
Benzylisoquinoliniums e.g atracurium
