Neck And Oral Cavity Practical Flashcards
Floor of oral cavity is formed by which muscles?
Mylohyoid and geniohyoid
Muscles of soft palate create arches?
Palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal arch, uvula
Which nerves innervate digastric muscle?
Anterior belly innervated by cn v3 and posterior belly by cn 7
What does digastric do?
Opens jaw.
What do geniohyoid muscles do?
Pull hyoid and larynx superiorly and anteriorly when swallowing
What is innervation of geniohyoid muscles?
C1
Extrinsic muscles of tongue?
Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus
What is genioglossus innervated by and what does it do?
Hypoglossal nerve and it protrudes the tongue
Hypoglossus is innervated by what and does what?
Hypoglossal nerve and depresses tongue
What does styloglossus do and what is it innervated by?
Elevate and retracts tongue , innervated by hypoglossal nerve
What is palatoglossus innervated by?
Vagus nerve and it depresses the palate and elevates back of tongue
Where does lingual artery arise from?
External carotid
Innervation to tongue?
Glossopharyngeal- posterior 1/3
Lingual- general sensation anterior 2/3
Facial- via chorda tympani of taste anterior 2/3
Motor- hypoglossal and vagus
Squamous cell carcinoma of tongue?
90%dominance in males due to smoking tobacco. HPV infection and EBV infection
Acute epiglottitis?
Sepsis passing from dental or pharynx to epiglottis causing oedema and asphyxia (failure of respiratory process caused by lack or insufficiency of oxygen in brain)
Where is larynx located?
C3 to C6
Cartilages of larynx?
Thyroid, epiglottis, cricoid, paired arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform
Valsalva maneuver?
Forced expiratory effort against a closed glottis. True and false vocal cords come into contact, the laryngeal vestibule is collapsed and entire airway below cords become distended with air
When to do a cricothyrotomy?
When airway is obstructed above level of vocal cords. Median cricothyroid ligament can be perforated and small tube inserted
Infrahyoid muscles?
Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid
At what level does common carotid divide into internal and external?
C4
Neck trauma zones?
Zone1. Root of neck to clavicle
Zone 2: cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible
Zone 3: mandible to top of head
In carcinoma of thyroid, if cervical sympathetic chain is affected patients can present with?
Horner syndrome
Of ectopic thyroids, lingual thyroid is what percent?
90
Lingual thyroid symptoms?
cough, hoarseness, and sleep apnea, but most are asymptomatic.
Treatment for lingual thyroid?
Surgical treatment includes excision alone or excision with autotransplantation into muscle. Approach for excision is oral, transhyoid, and lateral pharyngotomy. Nonsurgical treatment includes hormonal therapy and radioactive ablation.
which vertebrae if fractured in hangman fracture?
Second vertebra
Which portions of the vertebrae are fractured?
Partes interarticulares,
