Practical- Orbital And Nasal Cavity

Question 1

What structure passes through the notch in the frontal bone?

Answer 1

The supra orbital nerve of the frontal nerve and supraorbital artery and vein

Question 2

What does the supraorbital nerve apply?

Answer 2

Upper eyelid, forehead and skull

Question 3

What does the supratrochlear nerve supply?

Answer 3

Upper eyelid, lower part of forehead near midline, conjunctiva

Question 4

Where does the lacrimal nerve run?

Answer 4

Superior aspect of lateral rectus muscle

Question 5

Where does the nasociliary nerve run?

Answer 5

It crosses the optic nerve and runs beneath the superior rectus muscle

Question 6

Via what does the nasociliary nerve Carry pain and touch sensation from the cornea?

Answer 6

Long posterior ciliary branches

Question 7

What do the posterior ethmoidal cells supply?

Answer 7

Mucus membranes of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity

Question 8

What does the infratrochlear nerve supply?

Answer 8

Middle portion of eyelid and conjunctiva and skin of nose

Question 9

Parasympathetic nerve innervation to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 9

Originates from the lacrimal nucleus which is part of the facial nerve nucleus in the brainstem. These fibres synapse in the SphenoPalatine ganglion.

Question 10

And intraorbital tumour would cause what visual disturbance?

Answer 10

Double vision, bulging of the eye

Question 11

What does levator palpebrae superioris do?

Answer 11

Lifts upper eyelid

Question 12

The trochlear nerve supplies which muscle?

Answer 12

Superior oblique

Question 13

The abducent nerve supplies which muscle?

Answer 13

Lateral rectus

Question 14

Before entering orbit where do the ophthalmic nerve, trochlear, abducent and oculomotor pass through?

Answer 14

Cavernous sinus

Question 15

Which direction does inferior oblique move in?

Answer 15

Medially and upwards

Question 16

Which direction does superior oblique move in?

Answer 16

Medially and downwards

Question 17

Oculomotor Nerve Palsy?

Answer 17

Down and out, because opposed by lateral rectus and superior oblique.

Drooped eyelid, dilated pupil.

Question 18

What is mydriasis?

Answer 18

Dilated pupil, because parasympathetic fibres run on outside, so external compression will cause it before motor problems.

Question 19

Which is the first cranial nerve affected by raised intracranial pressure?

Answer 19

Abducens nerve palsy

Question 20

Blood supply to eyeball?

Answer 20

1. Central Retinal Artery

2. Ciliary Arteries

Question 21

Orbit blood supply drains into?

Answer 21

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, into superior orbital fissure into cavernous sinus.

Question 22

What lies underneath the inferior concha?

Answer 22

Opening of nasolacrimal duct

Question 23

Inferior to the middle concha is what?

Answer 23

Ethmoidal bulla, inferior to which is hiatus semilunaris for frontal sinus drainage

Question 24

What do you find in posterior end of hiatus semilunaris?

Answer 24

Opening of maxillary sinus

Question 25

Inside the olfactory bulb, where do olfactory nerves synapse?

Answer 25

With mitral cells, and the axons make olfactory tracts and divide to give lateral and medial striae.

Question 26

Where do the lateral strip terminate?

Answer 26

In the pisiform cortex of temporal lobe

Question 27

Medial stria projection?

Answer 27

Anterior commissure to contralateral piriform cortex

Question 28

The ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses are innervation by what?

Answer 28

Posterior ethmoidal nerve of nasociliary nerve

Question 29

Which nerves innervation frontal sinus?

Answer 29

Supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves

Question 30

What do anterior and posterior nosebleeds?

Answer 30

Anterior- Little’s area/ kiesselbach’s plexus

Posterior- SphenoPalatine artery