Organisation Of CNS: Spinal Cord To Diencephalon

Question 1

Neuroectoderm cells receive inductive signals from what and become what?

Answer 1

From notochord and cells thicken to form neural plate

Question 2

Notochord Is which germ layer?

Answer 2

Mesoderm

Question 3

Neural crest cells become?

Answer 3

Autonomic and sensory neurons and glia
Cells of the adrenal gland
Melanocytes
Skeletal and connective tissue of head

Question 4

What does mantle layer become?

Answer 4

Brain parenchyma

Question 5

What does ependymal layer become?

Answer 5

Lines ventricles

Question 6

When does neurulation happen?

Answer 6

Day 20

Question 7

Neural crest cells migrate which day?

Answer 7

Day 24

Question 8

Neural tube defects occur how often?

Answer 8

1/1000 established pregnancies

Question 9

Spina bifida of 2 types?

Answer 9

Occulta- hidden, vertebral arch defect only

Cystica- meningocele- meninges project out

Question 10

When do secondary brain vesicles happen?

Answer 10

Day 36

Question 11

Prosencephalon splits to give?

Answer 11

Telencephalon- cerebral hemispheres

Diencephalon- thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 12

Rhomboencephalon splits to give?

Answer 12

Metencephalon- pons/cerebellum

Myelecephalon-medulla

Question 13

Spinal cord extends from?

Answer 13

Atlas to L1

Question 14

Spinal cord narrows at L1 to form?

Answer 14

Conus medullaris

Question 15

What attaches to coccyx?

Answer 15

Terminal film pia extension

Question 16

What are the lumbar and sacral dorsal and ventral roots called?

Answer 16

Cauda equina

Question 17

Spinal cord receives blood supply from?

Answer 17

Anterior and posterior spinal arteries, from vertebral arteries
Segmental spinal arteries

Question 18

How many pair of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 18

31

Question 19

Inner core grey matter contains?

Answer 19

Neuronal cell bodies H shaped

Ventral lateral and dorsal horns

Question 20

What is at front and back of the spinal cord?

Answer 20

Back- posterior median sulcus

Front- anterior median fissure

Question 21

What does medulla contain?

Answer 21

Pyramids- corticospinal tract main voluntary motor pathway
Olive- formed by olivary nuclei- motor relay to cerebellum

Dorsolaterally:
Cuneate and gracile tubercle, nuclei forming part of ascending tract

Question 22

Pons has transverse fibres called?

Answer 22

Cerebellar peduncle, of which the middle is white matter tracts linking brainstem with cerebellum

Question 23

Pons contains?

Answer 23

Reticular formation dorsolaterally which is nuclei concerned with sleep and motor control

Question 24

Mid brain contains?

Answer 24

Cerebral peduncles (crus cerebri)
Superior and inferior colliculus, eye movements and relay nuclei
Substantia nigra- part of basal ganglia contains dopaminergic neurons
Red nucleus- motor coordination relay between cortex and cerebellum

Question 25

Cerebellar lesions cause?

Answer 25

Gait disturbances, upper limb ataxia, and eye movement disorders

Question 26

Cerebellum receives information from?

Answer 26

Pons and spinal cord- mossy fibres

Medulla- climbing fibres

Question 27

Targeting thalamus nuclei is important for?

Answer 27

epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease pain and psychiatric disease

Question 28

Where does hypothalamus sit?

Answer 28

Between the optic chiasm and mammillary bodies