Analgesia, Sedation And Local Anesthetics

Question 1

Gate theory?

Answer 1

A-beta fibres stimulate inhibitory neurons, not allowing c fibres feedback pain

Question 2

Ladder?

Answer 2

NSAIDS, paracetamol, weak opiates (codeine), local anaesthetics, strong opiates (heroine, morphine)

Question 3

What are opioids antagonised by?

Answer 3

Naloxone

Question 4

Opiate receptors?

Answer 4

MU1/2-pain
Kappa- sick
Delta-respiratory depression

Question 5

Morphine side effects?

Answer 5

Respiratory depression, constipation, miosis

Question 6

Which receptors does ketamine act on?

Answer 6

NMDA, kappa and delta, side effects of emergence phenomena

Question 7

How do NSAIDS work?

Answer 7

Inhibiting cycloxygenase 1 and 2

Question 8

Side effects of NSAIDS?

Answer 8

Gastric irritation, bronchospasm, renal impairment, platelet function

Question 9

What can aspirin cause?

Answer 9

Acidosis, Reyes Syndrome (swelling in liver and brain)

Question 10

What can paracetamol overdose cause?

Answer 10

Hepatotoxicity

Question 11

Glabellar tap?

Answer 11

Do they blink each time you tap their head

Question 12

Antedote for carbamazepine drugs?

Answer 12

Flumazanyl

Question 13

Side effect of local anaesthetic?

Answer 13

Ventricular fibrillation and fits

Question 14

Treatment for overdose local anaesthetics?

Answer 14

ABC, oxygen, lipid 20%