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Anatomy YR1 > Vasculature, innervation and lymphatics of the GI tract > Flashcards

Vasculature, innervation and lymphatics of the GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

What organs does the coeliac trunk supply

A 
Oesophagus
Spleen
Stomach
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
1st and 2nd part of duodenum
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2
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A 
3rd and 4th part of the duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Caecum
Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
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3
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A 
Distal 1/3 of transverse colon 
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Upper anal canal
Urogenital Sinus
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4
Q

3 main branches of coeliac trunk

A

left gastric
splenic
common hepatic

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5
Q

Where does the coeliac trunk arise from?

A

Anterior surface of abdominal aorta at the vertebral level of T12

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6
Q

Where is the left gastric artery found and what branches does it give off

A

Upper part of the lesser curvature of stomach

Oesophageal branches

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7
Q

Where does the splenic artery travel to and what branches does it give off

A

Travels left towards the spleen along the superior border of the pancreas
Tortuous course
Gives branches to neck, body and tail of pancreas
Gives off short gastric branches and left gastroepiploic

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8
Q

What does the splenic artery and branches supply

A

Spleen
Neck, body and tail of pancreas

Short gastric branches - fundus of stomach
Left gastroepiploic - upper part of greater curvature of the stomach

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9
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the common hepatic artery

A

Hepatic artery proper

Gastroduodenal artery

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10
Q

What is the course of the hepatic artery proper and what does it supply

A

Ascends towards liver in the free edge of the lesser omentum, divides into right and left hepatic arteries
Right hepatic artery supplies the gallbladder by the cystic artery

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11
Q

What branches does the gastroduodenal artery give and what do they supply

A

Gives right gastroepiploic artery - lower part of greater curvature

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery - splits into anterior and posterior branches that supply head of pancreas and duodenum

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12
Q

What does the right gastroepiploic artery anastomose with

A

L gastroepiploic artery

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13
Q

What does the right gastric artery anastomose with

A

Left gastric artery

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14
Q

Where is the superior mesenteric artery found

A

Arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta at vertebral level L1
Lies behind the neck of the pancreas
Crosses anteriorly over the 3rd part of the duodenum

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15
Q

What is the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

A

First branch of superior mesenteric artery
Splits into anterior and posterior branches
Supplies duodenum and head and uncinate process

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16
Q

Branches of superior mesenteric on the left

A

numerous jejunal and ileal arteries supplying the jejunum and most of the ileum

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17
Q

3 branches of right side of superior mesenteric artery

A

Middle colic artery
Right colic artery
Ileocolic artery

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18
Q

Where does the middle colic artery supply and what are it’s branches

A

Enters transverse mesocolon
Supplies proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
Left and right branch
Left branch anastomoses with left colic and right branch anastomoses with right colic

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19
Q

Where does the right colic supply and what are its two branches

A

Supplies ascending colon

Ascending branch and descending branch

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20
Q

Where is the ileocolic artery found and what are it’s branches and theie supplies

A

Passes into right iliac fossa
Superior branch - ascending colon
Inferior branch towards ileocolic junction

21
Q

What arteries are found in the inferior branch of the ileocolic artery

A

Colic branches
Caecal arteries
Appendicular artery
Ileal branch

22
Q

Where is the inferior mesenteric artery found

A

Arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta at vertebral level of L3
About 1.5 inches above the bifurcation of the aorta
Passes downwards and to the left, crossing the left common iliac artery

23
Q

Branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

A

Left colic artery
Several sigmoid arteries
Superior rectal artery

24
Q

What does the left colic artery supply

A

Ascending branch - supplies distal 1/3 of transverse colon and upper part of Descending colon
Descending branch- Lower part of descending colon

25
Q

What is the superior rectal artery

A

Terminal branch of inferior mesenteric artery
Descends into pelvic cavity to supply the rectum to the level of the internal anal sphincter
Anastomosis with middle rectal artery and inferior rectal artery

26
Q

What 3 arteries supply the rectum

A

Superior rectal artery - from inferior mesenteric artery
Middle rectal artery - branch of the internal iliac artery
Inferior rectal artery - branch of the internal pudendal artery
Anastomose together

27
Q

What is the marginal artery

A

Single arterial trunk that connects superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries
Runs along inner border of the colon
Formed by anastomosing branches of the ileocolic, right colic, middle colic, left colic and sigmoid arteries

28
Q

What are the two venous systems of the abdomen

A

Portal venous system - venous blood passes through the liver for processing

Systemic venous system - venous blood that joins the inferior vena cava without going to the liver

29
Q

How is the IVC formed

A

Union of common iliac veins at L5

30
Q

How is the protal vein formed

A

Union of splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
Behind neck of pancreas
L2

31
Q

Course of the portal vein

A

Enters the liver and breaks up into sinusoids and then hepatic veins that drain into the IVC

32
Q

What is present between lobules of the liver

A

Portal triads - branch of hepatic artery, branch of portal vein and a bile duct tributary

33
Q

How does blood supply and drainage occur in liver lobule

A

Arterial and portal venous blood passes into sinusoids between liver cells
Bile passes travels in the opposite direction, towards the bile duct to exit the liver

34
Q

What does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

A

Small intestine (jejunal and ileal veins)
Caecum (ileocolic v.)
Ascending colon (right colic v.)
proximal part of transverse colon (middle colic v.)
Also receives right gastroepiploic v., inferior pancreaticoduodenal v.

35
Q

Pathway of superior mesenteric vein

A

Begins in right iliac fossa, ascends in the mesentery of small intestine
Joins the splenic vein behind the neck of pancreas

36
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric vein drain

A

Rectum (rectal veins)
Sigmoid colon (sigmoid veins)
Descending colon (left colic vein)
Distal transverse colon (left colic vein)

37
Q

Pathway of inferior mesenteric vein

A

Begins as the superior rectal vein
Receives sigmoid vein and left colic vein
It ascends behind the body of he pancreas and joins the splenic vein

38
Q

Tributaries of the portal vein

A 
Right and left gastric vein
Cystic veins
Paraumbilical veins
Superior mesenteric vein
Splenic vein
39
Q

What are the tributaries of splenic vein and what does it drain

A

Short gastric vein, left gastroepiploic vein from greater curvature, pancreatic veins and inferior mesenteric veins

Drains the spleen

40
Q

Communications between portal ns systemic venous systems

A

Oesophageal - gastroesophageal junction
Rectal - superior rectal vein anastomoses with the middle and inferior veins
Paraumbilical - paraumbilical veins anastomose with veins draining the anterior abdominal wall

41
Q

What are the 3 preaortic lymph nodes that drain the abdomen and what do they drain into

A

Coeliac group, superior mesenteric group and inferior mesenteric group

Eventually drain into cisterna chyli -> thoracic duct

42
Q

Key difference between sympathetic pathway and parasympathetic pathway

A

Sympathetic - short preganglionic neuron, log post ganglionic neuron

Parasympathetic - long preganglionic and short post ganglionic

43
Q

Pathway of sympathetic division of GI tract

A

Originate from thoracic and lumbar region
Pre-ganglionic fibres leave spinal cord and synapse in sympathetic chain ganglia or travel through sympathetic chain without synapsing

Long postganglionic fibres then travel to target tissue

44
Q

Pathway of parasympathetic division of GI tract neurons

A

Originate in the brainstem in the cranial nerves or from the sacral region for controlling pelvic region
Vagus nerve innervates abdominal viscera
Pelvic nerves innervate pelvic viscera
Long preganglionic fibres
Ganglia are usually near or on target tissue
Short post-ganglionic fibres

45
Q

Sympathetic splanchnic nerves in the abdomen

A

Greater splanchnic - coeliac
Lesser splanchnic - aorticorenal, sometimes coeliac, superior mesenteric
Least splanchnic - aorticorenal
Lumbar splanchnic - inferior mesenteric ganglion

46
Q

4 main sympathetic ganglia

A

Coeliac
Aorticorenal
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

47
Q

What parts of the GI tract does the vagus nerve supply

A

Supplies oesophagus to proximal part of colon (foregut, midgut) and other organs derived from the foregut and midgut

48
Q

Parasympathetic splanchnic nerves

A

Pelvic splanchnic (S2-S4)

Supplies hindgut

Anatomy YR1 (29 decks)

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