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Anatomy YR1 > The Anatomy of the Genital System > Flashcards

The Anatomy of the Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

Main function of bony pelvis

A

Transmit the weight of the body
Supports, and protects the lower parts of the GI and urinary tracts
It contains important nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissues.

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2
Q

How do you differentiate between the false pelvis and the true pelvis

A 
False = above the pelvic brim
True = below the brim
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3
Q

What is the pelvic oreientation

A

The front of the symphysis pubis and the anterior superior iliac spines lie in the same vertical plane.

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4
Q

Bones of the hip

A

The two hip bones (os coxae)
The sacrum
The coccyx

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5
Q

Articulation of hip bone

A

Anteriorly the symphysis
pubis
Posteriorly the sacroiliac joints

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6
Q

what is the sacrum

A

The sacrum five rudimentary vertebrae, single wedge-shaped bone with an anterior concavity.

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7
Q

Articulation of sacrum

A

The base articulates with the L5 vertebra.
The inferior border articulates with the coccyx.
Laterally, articulates with the two iliac bones to form the sacroiliac joints

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8
Q

What does the sacral canal contain

A

contains the anterior and posterior roots of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal spinal nerves; the filum terminale; and fibrofatty material

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9
Q

What is the coccyx

A

Four vertebrae fused together to form a small triangular bone

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10
Q

What makes up the anterior pelvic wall

A

the pubic bones, the pubic rami, and the symphysis pubis

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11
Q

What makes up the posterior pelvic wall

A

the sacrum and coccyx and by the piriformis muscles and their covering of parietal pelvic fascia

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12
Q

What makes up the lateral pelvic wall

A

the hip bone, the obturator membrane, the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, and the obturator internus muscle and its covering fascia

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13
Q

Where does the piriformis muscle arise from and leave the pelvis

A

The piriformis muscle arises from the front of the sacrum and leaves the pelvis to enter the gluteal region by passing laterally through the greater sciatic foramen.

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14
Q

Where does the Obturator internus muscle arise and leave the pelis from

A

The obturator internus muscle arises from the pelvic surface of the obturator foramen and membrane. The muscle fibers converge to a tendon, which leaves the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen and inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur.

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15
Q

What does the coccygeus msucle do

A

This triangular muscle forms the smaller, more posterior portion of the pelvic diaphragm

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16
Q

What is the obturator membrane

A

a fibrous sheet that almost completely closes the obturator foramen

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17
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament extend from

A

The sacrotuberous ligament extends from the lateral part of the sacrum and coccyx and the posterior inferior iliac spine to the ischial tuberosity

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18
Q

What is the sacrospinous ligament attached to

A

The sacrospinous ligament It is attached by its base to the lateral part of the sacrum and coccyx and by its apex to the spine of the ischium.

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19
Q

Boundaries of the perineum

A

Its boundaries are the symphysis pubis, ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments, and the tip of the coccyx

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20
Q

What is the spermatic cord

A

The spermatic cord is a bundle of structures that pass through the inguinal canal to and from the testis

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21
Q

What are the structures of the spermatic cord

A 
Vas deferens
 Testicular artery
 Testicular veins (pampiniform plexus)
 Testicular lymph vessels
 Autonomic nerves
 Remains of the processus vaginalis
 Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
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22
Q

What is the scrotum

A

is an outpouching of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall. It contains the testes, the epididymides, and the lower ends of the spermatic cords.

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23
Q

LAyers of the walls of the scrotum

A

Skin
Superficial fascia
Spermatic fasciae
Tunica vaginalis

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24
Q

What is superficial fascia

A

Layer of scrotum Fascia continuous with the fatty and membranous layers of the anterior abdominal wall

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25
What is the spermatic fasciae
three layers and derived from the three layers of the anterior abdominal wall on each side
26
What are the 3 layers of the spermatic fasciae
The external spermatic - the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle the cremasteric fascia - the internal oblique muscle the internal spermatic fascia - the transversalis fascia.
27
Where does the lymph drainage in scrotum occur
Lymph from the skin and fascia, including the tunica vaginalis, drains into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Lymph from the testes drains upward to the lumbar nodes.
28
What is the purpose of tunica vaginalis
lies within the spermatic fasciae and covers the anterior, medial, and lateral surfaces of each testis
29
What surrounds the testis
Tunica albuginea
30
What is the rete test
A network of small tubes in the testicle that helps move sperm cells (male reproductive cells) from the testicle to the epididymis
31
How many seminiferous tubules lie within each lobule
1-3 coiled seminiferous tubules lie within each lobule
32
What is the epididymis
Is a firm structure lying posterior to the testis, with the vas deferens lying on its medial side It has head, body, and tail Is nearly 20 ft (6 m) long
33
What is the function of epididymis
Provides storage space for the spermatozoa and allows them to mature Function is the absorption of fluid and may be the addition of substances to the seminal fluid to nourish the maturing sperm.
34
What supplies the testis and epididymis
Testicular artery
35
What does the venous drainage of testis and epididymis
pampiniform plexus venous network The right testicular vein - the inferior vena cava, the left testicular vein - the left renal vein
36
Lymph drainage of testis and epididymis
The lymph nodes on the side of the aorta (lumbar or para-aortic nodes) at the level of L1 vertebra
37
Structure of the penis
fixed root and a body that hangs free the bulb of the penis and the right and left crura of the penis the bulbospongiosus muscles cover the exterior of the bulb Each crus attaches to the side of the pubic arch, and the ischiocavernosus muscle covers its outer surface The bulb continues forward into the body of the penis and forms the corpus spongiosum
38
Blood supply of the penis an what they supply
The external pudendal artery - the femoral artery The deep artery of the penis - the crus and corpus cavernosum Helicine arteries - the spongy erectile tissue of the corpus cavernosum The artery of the bulb - the bulb, corpus spongiosum, and glans The dorsal artery of the penis
39
Lymph drainage of the penis
The skin of the penis - the medial group of superficial inguinal nodes. The erectile bodies of the penis - the internal iliac nodes.
40
Nerve supply of the penis
The pudendal nerve provides the somatic nerve supply to the skeletal muscles and skin of the penis. The inferior hypogastric plexus - the smooth muscle
41
5 lobes of the prostate
anterior, median, posterior and two lateral
42
What does the fluid in the prostate consist of | and what is it's purpose
milky fluid containing citric acid and acid phosphatase | Alkaline secretion that neutralises acidity in vagina
43
Blood supply of prostate
branches of the inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries - internal iliac artery
44
Relations of the prostate
Superiorly: The base of the prostate is continuous with the neck of the bladder, the smooth muscle passing without interruption from one organ to the other. Inferiorly: The apex of the prostate lies on the upper surface of the urogenital diaphragm. Anteriorly: The prostate is related to the symphysis pubis, separated from it by the extraperitoneal fat in the retropubic space (cave of Retzius).. Posteriorly: The prostate is closely related to the anterior surface of the rectal ampulla and is separated from it by the rectovesical septum (fascia of Denonvilliers). Laterally: The prostate is embraced by the anterior fibers of the levator ani as they run posteriorly from the pubis.
45
What supplies the vulva
The external and internal pudendal arteries
46
What is responsible for the lymph drainage of the vulva
Drains into the medial group of superficial inguinal nodes
47
Nerve supply of the vulva
The ilioinguinal nerves and the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerves The perineal nerves and the posterior femoral cutaneous nerves
48
What is the clitoris
The clitoris is the female phallic organ that corresponds to the penis in the male.
49
The clitoral root
The right and left corpora cavernosa, the ischiocavernosus muscle
50
Nerve supply, lymph drainage and blood supply of clitoris and vestibular bulbs and glands
The pudendal nerve Lymph drains - the internal iliac nodes The internal pudendal artery
51
What are the vestibular bulbs
The vestibular bulbs are paired erectile bodies located on each side of the vestibule, deep to the labia minora
52
What are the greater vestibular glands
a Pair of small mucus - secreting glands that lie under cover of the posterior parts of bulbs of the vestibule
53
Where do the lesser vestibular glands lie
On each side of the vestibule
54
What are the vaginal supports
Upper third: Levator ani muscles and transverse cervical, pubocervical, and sacrocervical ligaments Middle third: Perineal membrane Lower third: Perineal body
55
Blood supply of the vagina
The vaginal artery - the internal iliac artery, and the vaginal branch - the uterine artery
56
Lymph drainage of vagina
Upper third: Internal and external iliac nodes Middle third: Internal iliac nodes Lower third: Superficial inguinal nodes
57
Relations of vagina
Anteriorly: the bladder and the urethra. Posteriorly: the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas), the ampulla of the rectum and the perineal body Laterally: the ureter, the anterior fibers (puborectalis) of the levator ani, the urogenital diaphragm and the bulb of the vestibule.
58
What is the uterus
is a hollow, pear-shaped organ with thick muscular walls. | measures about 3 in. (8 cm) long, 2 in. (5 cm) wide, and 1 in. (2.5 cm) thick
59
3 parts of the uterus
Fundus, body and cervix
60
4 parts of the uterine tube
the infundibulum, The ampulla, the isthmus and the intramural part
61
Function of uterine tube
: receives the ovum, fertilization, nourishment and conduit along which the spermatozoa travel to reach the ovum.
62
Blood supply of the uterine tube
The uterine artery and the ovarian artery
63
Attachment of ovary
Attaches to the back of the broad ligament by the mesovarium the ovary. The round ligament of the ovary, which represents the remains of the upper part of the gubernaculum, connects the lateral margin of the uterus to the ovary. the tunica albuginea, surrounds the ovaries
64
Function of ovary
The ovaries are the organs responsible for the production of the ova, and the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone
65
Blood supply of ovary
The ovarian artery - the abdominal aorta – L1 vertebra

Anatomy YR1 (29 decks)

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