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Anatomy YR1 > The Anatomy of the Genital System > Flashcards

The Anatomy of the Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

Main function of bony pelvis

A

Transmit the weight of the body
Supports, and protects the lower parts of the GI and urinary tracts
It contains important nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissues.

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2
Q

How do you differentiate between the false pelvis and the true pelvis

A 
False = above the pelvic brim
True = below the brim
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3
Q

What is the pelvic oreientation

A

The front of the symphysis pubis and the anterior superior iliac spines lie in the same vertical plane.

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4
Q

Bones of the hip

A

The two hip bones (os coxae)
The sacrum
The coccyx

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5
Q

Articulation of hip bone

A

Anteriorly the symphysis
pubis
Posteriorly the sacroiliac joints

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6
Q

what is the sacrum

A

The sacrum five rudimentary vertebrae, single wedge-shaped bone with an anterior concavity.

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7
Q

Articulation of sacrum

A

The base articulates with the L5 vertebra.
The inferior border articulates with the coccyx.
Laterally, articulates with the two iliac bones to form the sacroiliac joints

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8
Q

What does the sacral canal contain

A

contains the anterior and posterior roots of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal spinal nerves; the filum terminale; and fibrofatty material

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9
Q

What is the coccyx

A

Four vertebrae fused together to form a small triangular bone

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10
Q

What makes up the anterior pelvic wall

A

the pubic bones, the pubic rami, and the symphysis pubis

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11
Q

What makes up the posterior pelvic wall

A

the sacrum and coccyx and by the piriformis muscles and their covering of parietal pelvic fascia

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12
Q

What makes up the lateral pelvic wall

A

the hip bone, the obturator membrane, the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, and the obturator internus muscle and its covering fascia

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13
Q

Where does the piriformis muscle arise from and leave the pelvis

A

The piriformis muscle arises from the front of the sacrum and leaves the pelvis to enter the gluteal region by passing laterally through the greater sciatic foramen.

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14
Q

Where does the Obturator internus muscle arise and leave the pelis from

A

The obturator internus muscle arises from the pelvic surface of the obturator foramen and membrane. The muscle fibers converge to a tendon, which leaves the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen and inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur.

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15
Q

What does the coccygeus msucle do

A

This triangular muscle forms the smaller, more posterior portion of the pelvic diaphragm

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16
Q

What is the obturator membrane

A

a fibrous sheet that almost completely closes the obturator foramen

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17
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament extend from

A

The sacrotuberous ligament extends from the lateral part of the sacrum and coccyx and the posterior inferior iliac spine to the ischial tuberosity

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18
Q

What is the sacrospinous ligament attached to

A

The sacrospinous ligament It is attached by its base to the lateral part of the sacrum and coccyx and by its apex to the spine of the ischium.

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19
Q

Boundaries of the perineum

A

Its boundaries are the symphysis pubis, ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments, and the tip of the coccyx

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20
Q

What is the spermatic cord

A

The spermatic cord is a bundle of structures that pass through the inguinal canal to and from the testis

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21
Q

What are the structures of the spermatic cord

A 
Vas deferens
 Testicular artery
 Testicular veins (pampiniform plexus)
 Testicular lymph vessels
 Autonomic nerves
 Remains of the processus vaginalis
 Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
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22
Q

What is the scrotum

A

is an outpouching of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall. It contains the testes, the epididymides, and the lower ends of the spermatic cords.

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23
Q

LAyers of the walls of the scrotum

A

Skin
Superficial fascia
Spermatic fasciae
Tunica vaginalis

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24
Q

What is superficial fascia

A

Layer of scrotum Fascia continuous with the fatty and membranous layers of the anterior abdominal wall

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25
Q

What is the spermatic fasciae

A

three layers and derived from the three layers of the anterior abdominal wall on each side

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26
Q

What are the 3 layers of the spermatic fasciae

A

The external spermatic - the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
the cremasteric fascia - the internal oblique muscle
the internal spermatic fascia - the transversalis fascia.

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27
Q

Where does the lymph drainage in scrotum occur

A

Lymph from the skin and fascia, including the tunica vaginalis, drains into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
Lymph from the testes drains upward to the lumbar nodes.

28
Q

What is the purpose of tunica vaginalis

A

lies within the spermatic fasciae and covers the anterior, medial, and lateral surfaces of each testis

29
Q

What surrounds the testis

A

Tunica albuginea

30
Q

What is the rete test

A

A network of small tubes in the testicle that helps move sperm cells (male reproductive cells) from the testicle to the epididymis

31
Q

How many seminiferous tubules lie within each lobule

A

1-3 coiled seminiferous tubules lie within each lobule

32
Q

What is the epididymis

A

Is a firm structure lying posterior to the testis, with the vas deferens lying on its medial side
It has head, body, and tail
Is nearly 20 ft (6 m) long

33
Q

What is the function of epididymis

A

Provides storage space for the spermatozoa and allows them to mature
Function is the absorption of fluid and may be the addition of substances to the seminal fluid to nourish the maturing sperm.

34
Q

What supplies the testis and epididymis

A

Testicular artery

35
Q

What does the venous drainage of testis and epididymis

A

pampiniform plexus venous network
The right testicular vein - the inferior vena cava,
the left testicular vein - the left renal vein

36
Q

Lymph drainage of testis and epididymis

A

The lymph nodes on the side of the aorta (lumbar or para-aortic nodes) at the level of L1 vertebra

37
Q

Structure of the penis

A

fixed root and a body that hangs free
the bulb of the penis and the right and left crura of the penis
the bulbospongiosus muscles cover the exterior of the bulb
Each crus attaches to the side of the pubic arch, and the ischiocavernosus muscle covers its outer surface
The bulb continues forward into the body of the penis and forms the corpus spongiosum

38
Q

Blood supply of the penis an what they supply

A

The external pudendal artery - the femoral artery
The deep artery of the penis - the crus and corpus cavernosum
Helicine arteries - the spongy erectile tissue of the corpus cavernosum
The artery of the bulb - the bulb, corpus spongiosum, and glans
The dorsal artery of the penis

39
Q

Lymph drainage of the penis

A

The skin of the penis - the medial group of superficial inguinal nodes.
The erectile bodies of the penis - the internal iliac nodes.

40
Q

Nerve supply of the penis

A

The pudendal nerve provides the somatic nerve supply to the skeletal muscles and skin of the penis.
The inferior hypogastric plexus - the smooth muscle

41
Q

5 lobes of the prostate

A

anterior, median, posterior and two lateral

42
Q

What does the fluid in the prostate consist of

and what is it’s purpose

A

milky fluid containing citric acid and acid phosphatase

Alkaline secretion that neutralises acidity in vagina

43
Q

Blood supply of prostate

A

branches of the inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries - internal iliac artery

44
Q

Relations of the prostate

A

Superiorly: The base of the prostate is continuous with the neck of the bladder, the smooth muscle passing without interruption from one organ to the other.

Inferiorly: The apex of the prostate lies on the upper surface of the urogenital diaphragm.

Anteriorly: The prostate is related to the symphysis pubis, separated from it by the extraperitoneal fat in the retropubic space (cave of Retzius)..

Posteriorly: The prostate is closely related to the anterior surface of the rectal ampulla and is separated from it by the rectovesical septum (fascia of Denonvilliers).

Laterally: The prostate is embraced by the anterior fibers of the levator ani as they run posteriorly from the pubis.

45
Q

What supplies the vulva

A

The external and internal pudendal arteries

46
Q

What is responsible for the lymph drainage of the vulva

A

Drains into the medial group of superficial inguinal nodes

47
Q

Nerve supply of the vulva

A

The ilioinguinal nerves and the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerves
The perineal nerves and the posterior femoral cutaneous nerves

48
Q

What is the clitoris

A

The clitoris is the female phallic organ that corresponds to the penis in the male.

49
Q

The clitoral root

A

The right and left corpora cavernosa, the ischiocavernosus muscle

50
Q

Nerve supply, lymph drainage and blood supply of clitoris and vestibular bulbs and glands

A

The pudendal nerve
Lymph drains - the internal iliac nodes
The internal pudendal artery

51
Q

What are the vestibular bulbs

A

The vestibular bulbs are paired erectile bodies located on each side of the vestibule, deep to the labia minora

52
Q

What are the greater vestibular glands

A

a Pair of small mucus - secreting glands that lie under cover of the posterior parts of bulbs of the vestibule

53
Q

Where do the lesser vestibular glands lie

A

On each side of the vestibule

54
Q

What are the vaginal supports

A

Upper third: Levator ani muscles and transverse cervical, pubocervical, and sacrocervical ligaments
Middle third: Perineal membrane
Lower third: Perineal body

55
Q

Blood supply of the vagina

A

The vaginal artery - the internal iliac artery, and the vaginal branch - the uterine artery

56
Q

Lymph drainage of vagina

A

Upper third: Internal and external iliac nodes
Middle third: Internal iliac nodes
Lower third: Superficial inguinal nodes

57
Q

Relations of vagina

A

Anteriorly: the bladder and the urethra.
Posteriorly: the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas), the ampulla of the rectum and the perineal body
Laterally: the ureter, the anterior fibers (puborectalis) of the levator ani, the urogenital diaphragm and the bulb of the vestibule.

58
Q

What is the uterus

A

is a hollow, pear-shaped organ with thick muscular walls.

measures about 3 in. (8 cm) long, 2 in. (5 cm) wide, and 1 in. (2.5 cm) thick

59
Q

3 parts of the uterus

A

Fundus, body and cervix

60
Q

4 parts of the uterine tube

A

the infundibulum, The ampulla, the isthmus and the intramural part

61
Q

Function of uterine tube

A

: receives the ovum, fertilization, nourishment and conduit along which the spermatozoa travel to reach the ovum.

62
Q

Blood supply of the uterine tube

A

The uterine artery and the ovarian artery

63
Q

Attachment of ovary

A

Attaches to the back of the broad ligament by the mesovarium the ovary.
The round ligament of the ovary, which represents the remains of the upper part of the gubernaculum, connects the lateral margin of the uterus to the ovary.
the tunica albuginea, surrounds the ovaries

64
Q

Function of ovary

A

The ovaries are the organs responsible for the production of the ova, and the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone

65
Q

Blood supply of ovary

A

The ovarian artery - the abdominal aorta – L1 vertebra

Anatomy YR1 (29 decks)

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